We regard the Newcomb's Paradox as a reduction of the Prisoner's Dilemma and search for the considerable quantum solution. The all known classical solutions to the Newcomb's problem always imply that human has freewill and is due to the unfair set-up(including strategies)of the Newcomb's Problem. In this reason, we here substitute the asymmetric payoff matrix to the general form of the payoff matrix M and consider both of them use the same quantum strategy. As a result we obtained the fair Nash equilibrium, which is better than the case using classical strategies. This means that whether the supernatural being has the precognition or not depends only on the choice of strategy.
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox is one of the milestones in quantum foundations, arising from the lack of local realistic description of quantum mechanics. The EPR paradox has stimulated an important concept of "quantum nonlocality", which manifests itself by three different types: quantum entanglement, quantum steering, and Bell nonlocality. Although Bell nonlocality is more often used to show the "quantum nonlocality", the original EPR paradox is essentially a steering paradox. In this work, we formulate the original EPR steering paradox into a contradiction equality,thus making it…
Optimal waveform estimation for classical and quantum systems via time-symmetric smoothing. II. Applications to atomic magnetometry and Hardy's paradox
量子平滑理论[Tsang，Phys. Rev. Lett. 102，250403（2009）; Phys. Rev. A，印刷中（电子印刷arXiv：0906.4133）]被扩展以解释待估计的经典随机过程中的离散跳跃、量子系统中的离散变量，例如自旋、角动量和光子数，以及泊松测量，例如光子计数。应用扩展理论对原子磁力计进行了建模，并研究了相空间中的哈代佯谬。在哈代提出的实验的相空间图像中，预测的维格纳分布的负性被认为是经典推理和量子力学之间不一致的罪魁祸首。
Entangled states are in conflict with a general physical principle which expresses that a composite entity exists if and only if its components also exist, and the hypothesis that pure states represent the actuality of a physical entity, i.e., its 'existence'. A possible way to solve this paradox consists in completing the standard formulation of quantum mechanics, by adding more pure states. We show that this can be done, in a consistent way, by using the extended Bloch representation of quantum mechanics, recently introduced to provide a possible solution to the measurement problem. Hence, w…
Since the pillars of quantum theory were established, it was already noted that quantum physics may allow certain correlations defying any local realistic picture of nature, as first recognized by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen. These quantum correlations, now termed quantum nonlocality and tested by violation of Bell's inequality that consists of statistical correlations fulfilling local realism, have found loophole-free experimental confirmation. A more striking way to demonstrate the conflict exists, and can be extended to the multipartite scenario. Here we report experimental confirmation of…
Recent extended formulations of the Wigner's friend thought experiment throw the measurement problem of quantum mechanics into sharper relief. Here I respond to an invitation by Renner to provide a consistent and concrete set of rules for quantum mechanics which can avoid the apparent paradox formulated by Frauchiger and Renner [Nat. Comm. 9, 3711 (2018)]. I propose a slight addition to standard textbook quantum mechanics, in the form of two rules, which avoids the paradox. The first specifies when a given quantum dynamics can be interpreted as a measurement. Potentially any dynamics can, but …
Quantum theory (QT) has been confirmed by numerous experiments, yet we still cannot fully grasp the meaning of the theory. As a consequence, the quantum world appears to us paradoxical. Here we shed new light on QT by having it follow from two main postulates (i) the theory should be logically consistent; (ii) inferences in the theory should be computable in polynomial time. The first postulate is what we require to each well-founded mathematical theory. The computation postulate defines the physical component of the theory. We show that the computation postulate is the only true divide betwee…
A general quantum circuit framework for Extended Wigner's Friend Scenarios: logically and causally consistent reasoning without absolute measurement events
ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Université Grenoble Alpes, Inria（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学，法国国家信息与自动化研究所）；ENS Lyon, Inria, LIP（里昂高等师范学校，法国国家信息与自动化研究所）
A fundamental issue in the AdS/CFT correspondence is the wormhole growth paradox. Susskind's conjectured resolution of the paradox was to equate the volume of the wormhole with the circuit complexity of its dual quantum state in the CFT. We study the ramifications of this conjecture from a complexity-theoretic perspective. Specifically we give evidence for the existence of computationally pseudorandom states in the CFT, and argue that wormhole volume is measureable in a non-physical but computational sense, by amalgamating the experiences of multiple observers in the wormhole. In other words t…
It has been found that a model of extended electrons is more suited to describe theoretical simulations and experimental results obtained via scanning tunnelling microscopes, but while the dynamic properties are easily incorporated, magnetic properties, and in particular electron spin properties pose a problem due to their conceived isotropy in the absence of measurement. The spin of an electron reacts with a magnetic field and thus has the properties of a vector. However, electron spin is also isotropic, suggesting that it does not have the properties of a vector. This central conflict in the…
On the significance of Wigner's Friend in contexts beyond quantum foundations
Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院量子光学与量子信息研究所）；Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna（维也纳大学物理学院量子科学与技术维也纳中心）；Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics（理论物理珀米特研究所）
The problem of the observer in quantum mechanics is getting new human content. The paradox of Wigner's friend and its extended versions have observers who not only observe quantum phenomena, but communicate, have memories and even super-observer powers. Observers are represented by particle paths and state memories and advanced AI has been suggested to act as an observer. There is a new call for a solid theory of the observer in quantum mechanics. Two different branches of observer theories have emerged. The purely physical one is Heisenbergian, e.g. relational quantum mechanics where the obse…
The letter submitted is an executive summary of our previous paper. To solve the Einstein Podolsky Rosen 'paradox' the two boundary quantum mechanics is taken as self consistent interpretation of quantum dynamics. The difficulty with this interpretation is to reconcile it with classical physics. To avoid macroscopic backward causation two 'corresponding transition rules' are formulated which specify needed properties of macroscopic observations and manipulations. The apparent classical causal decision tree requires to understand the classically unchosen options. They are taken to occur with an…
