We show that quantum game theory offers solution to the famous Newcomb's paradox (free will problem). Divine foreknowledge is not necessary for successful completion of the game because quantum theory offers a way to discern human intentions in such way that the human retain her/his free will but cannot profit from changing decision. Possible interpretation in terms of quantum market games is proposed.
A Hardy-like version of the quantum pigeonhole paradox is proposed, which can also be considered as a special kind of Hardy's paradox. Besides an example induced from the minimal system, a general construction of this paradox from an $n$-qubit quantum state is also discussed. Moreover, by introducing the projected-coloring graph and the projected-coloring graph state, a pictorial representation of the Hardy-like quantum pigeonhole paradox can be presented. This Hardy-like version of quantum pigeonhole paradox can be implemented more directly in the experiment than the original one, since it do…
The Quantum-Bayesian interpretation of quantum theory claims to eliminate the question of quantum nonlocality. This claim is not justified, because the question of non-locality does not arise due to any interpretation of quantum theory, but due to objective experimental facts. We define the notion "objective paradox" and explain, comparing QBism and the Copenhagen interpretation, how avoidance of any paradox results into poor explanatory power of an interpretation, if there actually exists an objective paradox.
We present the general Hardy-like quantum pigeonhole paradoxes for \textit{n}-particle states, and find that each of such paradoxes can be simply associated to an un-colorable solution of a specific vertex-coloring problem induced from the projected-coloring graph (a kind of unconventional graph). Besides, as a special kind of Hardy's paradox, several kinds of Hardy-like quantum pigeonhole paradoxes can even give rise to higher success probability in demonstrating the conflict between quantum mechanics and local or noncontextual realism than the previous Hardy's paradoxes. Moreover, not only m…
Hardy's paradox was originally presented as a demonstration, without inequalities, of the incompatibility between quantum mechanics and the hypothesis of local causality. Equipped with newly developed tools that allow for a quantitative assessment of realism, here we revisit Hardy's paradox and argue that non-local causality is not mandatory for its solution; quantum irrealism suffices.
将Kirkpatrick的经典三箱悖论[J. Phys. A 36 4891（2003）]与Aharonov和Vaidman的原始量子三箱悖论[J. Phys. A 24 2315（1991）]进行了比较。有人认为，量子三盒实验是一个“量子悖论”，在这个意义上，它是一个经典的任务，不能使用经典的手段来完成，但可以使用量子设备来完成的一个例子。它表明，柯克帕特里克的纸牌游戏是类似于一个不同的游戏与粒子在三个盒子，其中不包含矛盾的功能。
We experimentally demonstrate that when three single photons transmit through two polarization channels, in a well-defined pre- and postselected ensemble, there are no two photons in the same polarization channel by weak-strength measurement, a counter-intuitive quantum counting effect called quantum pigeonhole paradox. We further show that this effect breaks down in second-order measurement. These results indicate the existence of quantum pigeonhole paradox and its operating regime.
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox is one of the milestones in quantum foundations, arising from the lack of local realistic description of quantum mechanics. The EPR paradox has stimulated an important concept of "quantum nonlocality", which manifests itself by three different types: quantum entanglement, quantum steering, and Bell nonlocality. Although Bell nonlocality is more often used to show the "quantum nonlocality", the original EPR paradox is essentially a steering paradox. In this work, we formulate the original EPR steering paradox into a contradiction equality,thus making it…
We show that a genuine Parrondo paradox can emerge in two-state quantum walks without resorting to experimentally intricate high-dimensional coins. To achieve such goal we employ a time-dependent coin operator without breaking the translation spatial invariance of the system.
This is a short text covering some topics on the Foundations of Quantum Theory and it includes some comments on the recent Nature article by D. Frauchiger and R. Renner. The so-called "paradox" is simply due to a misunderstanding on the appropriate way to apply the quantum mechanical rules. The text is meant to be accessible to non physicists and the math is kept to a minimum (just some Linear Algebra and extremely elementary Probability Theory).
Quantum mechanics represents one of the greatest triumphs of human intellect and, undoubtedly, is the most successful physical theory we have to date. However, since its foundation about a century ago, it has been uninterruptedly the center of harsh debates ignited by the counterintuitive character of some of its predictions. The subject of one of these heated discussions is the so-called "retrodiction paradox", namely a deceptive inconsistency of quantum mechanics which is often associated with the "measurement paradox" and the "collapse of the wave function"; it comes from the apparent time-…
Hardy's nonlocality is a "nonlocality proof without inequalities": it exemplifies that quantum correlations can be qualitatively stronger than classical correlations. This paper introduces variants of Hardy's nonlocality in the CHSH scenario which are realized by the PR-box, but not by quantum correlations. Hence this new kind of Hardy-type nonlocality is a proof without inequalities showing that superquantum correlations can be qualitatively stronger than quantum correlations.
The Einstein's Boxes paradox was developed by Einstein, de Broglie, Heisenberg, and others to demonstrate the incompleteness of the Copenhagen Formulation of quantum mechanics. I explain the paradox using the Copenhagen Formulation.~I then show how a time-symmetric formulation of quantum mechanics resolves the paradox in the way envisioned by Einstein and de Broglie. Finally, I describe an experiment that can distinguish between these two formulations.
Parrondo's paradox is ubiquitous in games, ratchets and random walks.The apparent paradox, devised by J.~M.~R.~Parrondo, that two losing games $A$ and $B$ can produce an winning outcome has been adapted in many physical and biological systems to explain their working. However, proposals on demonstrating Parrondo's paradox using quantum walks failed {for large number of steps}. In this work, we show that instead of a single coin if we consider a two coin initial state which may or may not be entangled, we can observe a genuine Parrondo's paradox with quantum walks. Further we focus on reasons f…
