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arXiv 0911.2500quant-ph
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因果关系、判定理论和贝尔定理:纽科姆问题的量子模拟

Causation, decision theory, and Bell's theorem: a quantum analogue of the Newcomb problem

Eric G. Cavalcanti

摘要:

我从量子理论,特别是从贝尔定理中吸取了一些经验教训,并将其应用于关于决策理论和因果关系基础的辩论中。通过追踪因果决定理论(CDT)的基本假设(部分是为了响应Newcomb问题而发展的)与量子力学背景下的局部隐藏变量(LHV)理论的基本假设之间的形式类比,我表明,一个根据CDT行事并对量子现象背后的某些可能的因果解释给予任何非零信任的代理人应该在某些情况下反对量子力学。涉及纠缠系统的可行游戏场景,无论他们获得什么证据。因此,要么是最被接受的决策理论版本是错误的,要么是它提供了一个实际的区别,在理性主体的规定行为方面,在关于量子力学基础的因果结构的一些形而上学假设之间。

英文摘要:

I apply some of the lessons from quantum theory, in particular from Bell's theorem, to a debate on the foundations of decision theory and causation. By tracing a formal analogy between the basic assumptions of Causal Decision Theory (CDT)--which was developed partly in response to Newcomb's problem-- and those of a Local Hidden Variable (LHV) theory in the context of quantum mechanics, I show that an agent who acts according to CDT and gives any nonzero credence to some possible causal interpretations underlying quantum phenomena should bet against quantum mechanics in some feasible game scenarios involving entangled systems, no matter what evidence they acquire. As a consequence, either the most accepted version of decision theory is wrong, or it provides a practical distinction, in terms of the prescribed behaviour of rational agents, between some metaphysical hypotheses regarding the causal structure underlying quantum mechanics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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