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arXiv 1602.07404quant-phphysics.hist-ph
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贝尔定理和测量问题：将两个谜团简化为一个？

Bell's theorem and the measurement problem: reducing two mysteries to one?

Eric G. Cavalcanti

备注：
8 pages, 2 figures. Submitted for the proceedings of Emergent Quantum Mechanics 2015
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摘要：

根据霍华德·怀斯曼和作者最近从因果原理出发对贝尔定理的重新表述，我认为贝尔的工作所带来的量子理论和相对论之间的冲突可以通过修正我们经典的因果关系概念来缓和。我回顾了最近提出的因果关系的量子理论的一些建议，这些建议朝着这一目标迈出了巨大的步伐，但强调了所有那些不满足贝尔现实主义倾向的理论所共有的一个属性。它们需要（隐式或显式）以代理为中心的概念，如“可观察”和“不可观察”，或“观察到”和“未观察到”。因此，他们通过强调一个更经常与量子理论中另一个深层概念问题联系在一起的问题来缓解围绕贝尔定理的紧张局势：测量问题。然而，我并不反对这些术语，而是认为我们应该理解，为了达到量子理论和相对论之间的兼容性，为什么它们似乎是必要的，至少在表面上是必要的。这似乎表明，因果关系以及因果结构是涌现的现象，并支持这样一种观点，即解决量子理论和相对论之间的冲突需要解决测量问题。

英文摘要：

In light of a recent reformulation of Bell's theorem from causal principles by Howard Wiseman and the author, I argue that the conflict between quantum theory and relativity brought up by Bell's work can be softened by a revision of our classical notions of causation. I review some recent proposals for a quantum theory of causation that make great strides towards that end, but highlight a property that is shared by all those theories that would not have satisfied Bell's realist inclinations. They require (implicitly or explicitly) agent-centric notions such as "controllables" and "uncontrollables", or "observed" and "unobserved". Thus they relieve the tensions around Bell's theorem by highlighting an issue more often associated with another deep conceptual issue in quantum theory: the measurement problem. Rather than rejecting those terms, however, I argue that we should understand why they seem to be, at least at face-value, needed in order to reach compatibility between quantum theory and relativity. This seems to suggest that causation, and thus causal structure, are emergent phenomena, and lends support to the idea that a resolution of the conflict between quantum theory and relativity necessitates a solution to the measurement problem.

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