AI 中文总结
本文提出修正的哥本哈根诠释，结合普适量子态、含波函数坍缩的测量过程及系统状态与观察者认知的区分，解决维格纳的朋友悖论，其概率差异可用于证伪相关分析或修正。
AI 中文摘要
通过假设（i）存在普适的、与观察者无关的量子态，（ii）将带有波函数坍缩的测量过程视为量子力学时间演化的一部分（即使在孤立系统中也适用），以及（iii）明确区分量子系统的状态与有意识观察者对该状态的认知，本文提出了一种修正的量子力学哥本哈根诠释，该诠释可解决维格纳的朋友悖论及扩展后的维格纳的朋友悖论。与此前的分析相比，该诠释在部分结果概率上存在差异，原则上这使得有可能对所提出的修正或此前的分析（或两者）进行证伪。本研究未解决哥本哈根诠释中关于测量过程（包括波函数坍缩）缺乏精确定义和机制描述这一量子力学不完备性的根本问题。不过，关于解决维格纳的朋友悖论的论证，也适用于那些尝试用带有随机扩展的薛定谔方程坍缩模型，或用幺正时间演化及量子统计力学导致的测量过程不可逆性来建模波函数坍缩的机制描述的努力。
英文摘要
By assuming (i) a universal, observer-independent quantum state, by considering (ii) measurement processes with wave function collapse as part of quantum mechanical time evolution (also within isolated systems), and by (iii) clearly distinguishing the state of a quantum system from the knowledge of conscious observers about this state, we suggest a modified Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics that resolves Wigner's Friend and extended Wigner's Friend paradoxes. The suggested interpretation leads to differences in some outcome probabilities compared to previous analyses which, in principle, make it possible to falsify the suggested modifications or the previous analyses (or both). The fundamental problem of the incompleteness of quantum mechanics in the Copenhagen interpretation regarding the lack of a precise definition and a mechanistic description of the measurement process (including the collapse of the wave function) is not addressed in this study. However, the argumentation regarding the resolution of Wigner's Friend paradoxes also applies to attempts for such a mechanistic description using collapse models with stochastic extensions to the Schrödinger equation or trying to model wave function collapse with unitary time evolution and irreversibility of the measurement process resulting from quantum statistical mechanics.
