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arXiv quant-ph/0509177quant-ph
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Bohm-Bell理论中的超选择规则

On Superselection Rules in Bohm-Bell Theories

Samuel Colin, Thomas Durt, Roderich Tumulka

摘要:

Bohm-Bell理论中超选择规则的含义(即,具有粒子轨道的量子理论)与正统量子理论中的不同。更准确地说,超选择规则有两个概念,一个是弱的,一个是强的。弱超选择规则存在于正统的量子理论和Bohm-Bell理论中,代表了对超选择规则的传统理解。我们引入了强超选择定则的概念,这在正统的量子理论中是不存在的。它依赖于Bohm-Bell理论的明确本体论,在Bohm-Bell的语境中,它是一个更尖锐、更基本的概念。可观测G的强超选择规则断言,可以用G的特征向量的适当统计混合来替换每个状态向量,而不改变粒子轨迹或它们的概率。一个弱超选择规则断言,每个状态向量是经验上无法区分的一个适当的统计混合的特征向量G。我们在G上建立了两种超选择的条件。为了比较,我们也考虑了自发波函数坍缩理论中的两种超选择。

英文摘要:

The meaning of superselection rules in Bohm-Bell theories (i.e., quantum theories with particle trajectories) is different from that in orthodox quantum theory. More precisely, there are two concepts of superselection rule, a weak and a strong one. Weak superselection rules exist both in orthodox quantum theory and in Bohm-Bell theories and represent the conventional understanding of superselection rules. We introduce the concept of strong superselection rule, which does not exist in orthodox quantum theory. It relies on the clear ontology of Bohm-Bell theories and is a sharper and, in the Bohm-Bell context, more fundamental notion. A strong superselection rule for the observable G asserts that one can replace every state vector by a suitable statistical mixture of eigenvectors of G without changing the particle trajectories or their probabilities. A weak superselection rule asserts that every state vector is empirically indistinguishable from a suitable statistical mixture of eigenvectors of G. We establish conditions on G for both kinds of superselection. For comparison, we also consider both kinds of superselection in theories of spontaneous wave function collapse.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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