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arXiv quant-ph/0607172quant-ph
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EPR-玻姆实验数据中的反常现象：经典力学和量子力学都错了吗？

Anomalies in experimental data for the EPR-Bohm experiment: Are both classical and quantum mechanics wrong?

Guillaume Adenier, Andrei Khrennikov

备注：
Presented in talks at conferences: "Foundations of Probability and Physics-4" (Vaxjo, Sweden, June 2006), "Quantum Probability" (Greifswald, Germany, March 2006 and Nottingham, UK, July 2006), 4;Quantum Structures Association" (Malta, July 2006)
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摘要：

我们分析数据中的异常，以测试违反贝尔不等式的EPR玻姆实验。我们发现，光子偏振的实验关联有一个有趣的性质。在实验数据中，概率$P_{++}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β), P_{+-}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β), P_{-+}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β), P_{--}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β) $与量子力学的预测（即$P_{++}(α, β)=P_{--}(α, β)= {1/2}\cos^2(α-β)$和$P_{+-}=P_{-+}(α, β)={1/2}\sin^2(α-β).$）之间存在不可忽略的偏差。然而，这些偏差以某种神秘的方式相互补偿，最终相关性$E^{\rm{exp}}(α, β)= P_{++}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β)- P_{+-}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β)- P_{-+}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β)+ P_{--}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β)$与量子力学的预测（即$E(α, β)= P_{++}(α, β)- P_{+-}(α, β)- P_{-+}(α, β)+ P_{--}(α, β)= \cos 2(α-β).$）完全一致。因此，这种异常在贝尔不等式框架中没有作用。然而，实验概率的其他线性组合不具有这样的补偿性质。可以发现与量子力学的预测有不可忽略的偏差。因此，无论是经典模型还是量子模型都不能通过由EPR-玻姆概率的所有可能线性组合给出的整个统计检验族。这是否意味着两种模型都是错误的？

英文摘要：

We analyze anomalies in data to test the violation of Bell's inequality for the EPR-Bohm experiment. We found that the experimental correlations for photon polarization have an intriguing property. In the experimental data there are visible non-negligible deviations of probabilities $P_{++}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β), P_{+-}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β), P_{-+}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β), P_{--}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β) $ from the predictions of quantum mechanics, namely, $P_{++}(α, β)=P_{--}(α, β)= {1/2}\cos^2(α-β)$ and $P_{+-}=P_{-+}(α, β)={1/2}\sin^2(α-β).$ However, in some mysterious way those deviations compensate each other and finally the correlation $E^{\rm{exp}}(α, β)= P_{++}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β)- P_{+-}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β)- P_{-+}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β)+ P_{--}^{\rm{exp}}(α, β)$ is in the complete agreement with the QM-prediction, namely, $E(α, β)= P_{++}(α, β)- P_{+-}(α, β)- P_{-+}(α, β)+ P_{--}(α, β)= \cos 2(α-β).$ Therefore such anomalies play no role in the Bell's inequality framework. Nevertheless, other linear combinations of experimental probabilities do not have such a compensation property. There can be found non-negligible deviations from predictions of quantum mechanics. Thus neither classical nor quantum model can pass the whole family of statistical tests given by all possible linear combinations of the EPR-Bohm probabilities. Does it mean that both models are wrong?

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