The Schrodinger equation with the PT-symmetric Hulthen potential is solved exactly by taking into account effect of the centrifugal barrier for any l-state. Eigenfunctions are obtained in terms of the Jacobi polynomials. The Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the computations. Our numerical results are in good agreement with the ones obtained before.
Keywords: Energy Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions; Hulthen potential; PT-symmetry; Nikiforov-Uvarov Method.
In this paper the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions are calculated for Hulthen potential. Then we obtain the ladder operators and show that these operators satisfy SU(2) commutation relation.
The exact solutions of Schrödinger's equation with the deformed Hulthén potential $V_q(x)=-{μ\, e^{-δ\,x }}/({1-q\,e^{-δ\,x}}),~ δ,μ, q>0$ are given, along with a closed--form formula for the normalization constants of the eigenfunctions for arbitrary $q>0$. The Crum-Darboux transformation is then used to derive the corresponding exact solutions for the extended Hulthén potentials $V(x)= -{μ\, e^{-δ\,x }}/({1-q\,e^{-δ\,x}})+ {q\,j(j+1)\, e^{-δ\,x }}/({1-q\,e^{-δ\,x}})^2, j=0,1,2,\dots.$ A general formula for the new normalization condition is also provided.
The radial part of the effective mass Klein-Gordon equation for the Hulthen potential is solved by making an approximation to the centrifugal potential. The Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the calculations. Energy spectra and the corresponding eigenfunctions are computed. Results are also given for the case of constant mass.
We present a new approximation scheme for the centrifugal term to solve the Schrodinger equation with the Hulthen potential for any arbitrary l state by means of a mathematical Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. We obtain the bound state energy eigenvalues and the normalized corresponding eigenfunctions expressed in terms of the Jacobi polynomials or hypergeometric functions for a particle exposed to this potential field. Our numerical results of the energy eigenvalues are found to be in high agreement with those results obtained by using the program based on a numerical integration procedure. The …
The one-dimensional Dirac equation is solved for the PT-symmetric generalized Hulthen potential. The Nikiforov-Uvarov method which is based on solving the second-order linear differential equations by reduction to a generalized equation of hypergeometric type is used to obtain exact energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions.
In this study, we obtain an approximate solution of the Schrodinger equation in arbitrary dimensions for the generalized shifted Hulthen potential model within the framework of the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The bound state energy eigenvalues were computed and the corresponding eigenfunction was also obtained. It is found that the numerical eigenvalues were in good agreement for all three approximations scheme used. Special cases were considered when the potential parameters were altered, resulting into Hulthen Potential and Woods-Saxon Potential respectively. Their energy eigenvalues expression…
The one-dimensional spinless Salpeter equation has been solved for the PT-symmetric generalized Hulthén potential. The Nikiforov-Uvarov {NU) method which is based on solving the second-order linear differential equations by reduction to a generalized equation of hypergeometric type is used to obtain exact energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions. We have investigated the positive and negative exact bound states of the s-states for different types of complex generalized Hulthen potentials.
We solve the Klein-Gordon equation in any $D$-dimension for the scalar and vector general Hulthén-type potentials with any $l$ by using an approximation scheme for the centrifugal potential. Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the calculations. We obtain the bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of spin-zero particles in terms of Jacobi polynomials. The eigenfunctions are physical and the energy eigenvalues are in good agreement with those results obtained by other methods for D=1 and 3 dimensions. Our results are valid for $q=1$ value when $l\neq 0$ and for any $q…
Analytical solutions of the N-dimensional Schrödinger equation for the newly proposed Varshni-Hulthén potential are obtained within the framework of Nikiforov-Uvarov method by using Greene-Aldrich approximation scheme to the centrifugal barrier. The numerical energy eigenvalues and the corresponding normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms of Jacobi polynomials. Special cases of the potential are equally studied and their numerical energy eigenvalues are in agreement with those obtained previously with other methods. However, the behavior of the energy for the ground state and several e…
A general form of the effective mass Schrodinger equation is solved exactly for Hulthen potential. Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used to obtain energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions. A free parameter is used in the transformation of the wave function.
We present the exact analytical solution of the radial Schrödinger equation for the deformed Hulthén and the Morse potentials within the framework of the Asymptotic Iteration Method. The bound state energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave functions are obtained explicitly. Our results are in excellent agreement with the findings of the other methods.
We present a new approximation scheme for the centrifugal term to obtain a quasi-exact analytical bound state solutions within the framework of the position-dependent effective mass radial Klein-Gordon equation with the scalar and vector Hulthén potentials in any arbitrary $D$ dimension and orbital angular momentum quantum numbers $l.$ The Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method is used in the calculations. The relativistic real energy levels and corresponding eigenfunctions for the bound states with different screening parameters have been given in a closed form. It is found that the solutions in the ca…
Using the Nikiforov Uvarov method, an application of the relativistic Duffin Kemmer Petiau equation in the presence of a deformed Hulthen potential is presented for spin zero particles. We derived the first order coupled differential radial equations which enable the energy eigenvalues as well as the full wavefunctions to be evaluated by using of the Nikiforov Uvarov method that can be written in terms of the hypergeometric polynomials.
In this article we used supersymmetry quantum mechanics and factorization methods to study the bound and scattering state of Klein-Gordon equation with deformed Hulthen plus deformed hyperbolical potential for arbitrary state in D-dimensions. The analytic relativistic bound state eigenvalues and the scattering phase factor are found in closed form. We reported on the numerical results for the bound state energy in D-dimensions.
Approximate bound state solutions of the Dirac equation with the Hulthén plus a new generalized ring-shaped (RS) potential are obtained for any arbitrary -state. The energy eigenvalue equation and the corresponding two-component wave function are calculated by solving the radial and angular wave equations within a recently introduced shortcut of Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. The solutions of the radial and polar angular parts of the wave function are given in terms of the Jacobi polynomials. We use an exponential approximation in terms of the Hulthen potential parameters to deal with the stron…
The role of the Hulthen potential on the spin and pseudospin symmetry solutions is investigated systematically by solving the Dirac equation with attractive scalar S(r) and repulsive vector V(r) potentials. The spin and pseudospin symmetry along with orbital dependency (pseudospin-orbit and spin-orbit dependent couplings) of the Dirac equation are included to the solution by introducing the Hulthen-square approximation. This effective approach is based on forming the spin and pseudo-centrifugal kinetic energy term from the square of the Hulthen potential. The analytical solutions of the Dirac …
The Dirac equation, with position-dependent mass, is solved approximately for the generalized Hulthén potential with any spin-orbit quantum number $κ$. Solutions are obtained by using an appropriate coordinate transformation, reducing the effective mass Dirac equation to a Schrödinger-like differential equation. The Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the calculations to obtain energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions. Numerical results are compared with those given in the literature. Analytical results are also obtained for the case of constant mass and the results are in good a…
The generalized pseudospectral method is employed to calculate the bound states of Hulthén and Yukawa potentials in quantum mechanics, with special emphases on higher excited states and stronger couplings. Accurate energy eigenvalues, expectation values and radial probability densities are obtained through a nonuniform and optimal spatial discretization of the radial Schrödinger equation. Results accurate up to thirteen to fourteen significant figures are reported for all the 55 eigenstates of both these potentials with $n\leq$10 for arbitrary values of the screening parameters covering a wide…
In this paper, the bound state solution of the modified Klein-Fock-Gordon equation is obtained for the Hulthén plus ring-shaped lake potential by using the developed scheme to overcome the centrifugal part. The energy eigenvalues and corresponding radial and azimuthal wave functions are defined for any $l\neq0$ angular momentum case on the conditions that scalar potential is whether equal and nonequal to vector potential, the bound state solutions of the Klein-Fock-Gordon equation of the Hulthén plus ring-shaped like potential are obtained by Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) and supersymmetric quantum me…
Hulthén plus Hellmann potentials are adopted as the quark-antiquark interaction potential for studying the mass spectra of heavy mesons. We solved the radial Schrödinger equation analytically using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave function in terms of Laguerre polynomials were obtained. The present results are applied for calculating the mass of heavy mesons such as charmonium and bottomonium . Four special cases were considered when some of the potential parameters were set to zero, resulting into Hellmann potential, Yukawa potential, Coulomb potentia…
The spinless Salpeter equation can be regarded as the eigenvalue equation of a Hamiltonian that involves the relativistic kinetic energy and therefore is, in general, a nonlocal operator. Accordingly, it is hard to find solutions of this bound-state equation by exclusively analytic means. Nevertheless, a lot of tools enables us to constrain the resulting bound-state spectra rigorously. We illustrate some of these techniques for the example of the Hulthén potential.
Using the Nikiforov Uvarov method, we obtained the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Woods Saxon potential with the negative energy levels based on the mathematical approach. According to the PT Symmetric quantum mechanics, we exactly solved the time independent Shcrodinger equation for the same potential. Results are obtained for the s states.
We obtain the band edge eigenfunctions and the eigenvalues of solvable periodic potentials using the quantum Hamilton - Jacobi formalism. The potentials studied here are the Lam{é} and the associated Lam{é} which belong to the class of elliptic potentials. The formalism requires an assumption about the singularity structure of the quantum momentum function $p$, which satisfies the Riccati type quantum Hamilton - Jacobi equation, $ p^{2} -i \hbar \frac{d}{dx}p = 2m(E- V(x))$ in the complex $x$ plane. Essential use is made of suitable conformal transformations, which leads to the eigenvalues and…
The Schrödinger equation in $D$-dimensions for the Manning-Rosen potential with the centrifugal term is solved approximately to obtain bound states eigensolutions (eigenvalues and eigenfunctions). The Nikiforov-Uvarov(NU) method is used in the calculations. We present numerical calculations of energy eigenvalues to two- and four-dimensional systems for arbitrary quantum numbers $n$ and $l$ with three different values of the potential parameter $α.$ It is shown that because of the interdimensional degeneracy of eigenvalues, we can also reproduce eigenvalues of a upper/lower dimensional sytem fr…
The Dirac equation is solved approximately for the Hulthen potential with the pseudospin symmetry for any spin-orbit quantum number $κ$ in the position-dependent mass background. Solutions are obtained reducing the Dirac equation into a Schrödinger-like differential equation by using an appropriate coordinate transformation. The Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the calculations to get energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions.
A novel method is proposed to determine an analytical expression for eigenfunctions and numerical result for eigenvalues of the Schrödinger type equations, within the context of Taylor expansion of a function. Optimal truncation of the Taylor series gives a best possible analytical expression for eigenfunctions and numerical result for eigenvalues.
We give analytical expressions for the eigenvalues and generalized eigenfunctions of $\hat{T}_3$, the $z$-axis projection of the toroidal dipole operator, in a system consisting of a particle confined in a thin film bent into a torus shape. We find the quantization rules for the eigenvalues, which are essential for describing measurements of $\hat{T}_3$. The eigenfunctions are not square-integrable, so they do not belong to the Hilbert space of wave functions, but they can be interpreted in the formalism of rigged Hilbert spaces as kernels of distributions. While these kernels appear to be pro…
We obtain sufficiently accurate eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the anharmonic oscillator with potential $V(x,y)=x^{2}y^{2}$ by means of three different methods. Our results strongly suggest that the spectrum of this oscillator is discrete in agreement with early rigorous mathematical proofs and against a recent statement that cast doubts about it.
We examine the bound state solutions of the Dirac equation under the spin and pseudospin symmetries for a new suggested combined potential, Hulten plus a class of Yukawa potential including a Coulomb-like tensor interaction. An improved scheme is employed to deal with the centrifugal (pseudo-centrifugal) term. Using the Nikiforov-Uvarov and SUSYQM methods, we analytically develop the relativistic energy eigenvalues and associated Dirac spinor components of wave functions. We find that both methods give entirely the same results. Modifiable of our results into some particular potential cases, u…
Eigenvalue problems are critical to several fields of science and engineering. We expand on the method of using unsupervised neural networks for discovering eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for differential eigenvalue problems. The obtained solutions are given in an analytical and differentiable form that identically satisfies the desired boundary conditions. The network optimization is data-free and depends solely on the predictions of the neural network. We introduce two physics-informed loss functions. The first, called ortho-loss, motivates the network to discover pair-wise orthogonal eigenf…
We study the localization of eigenfunctions produced by a point scatterer on a thin rectangle. We find an explicit set of eigenfunctions localized to part of the rectangle by showing that the one-dimensional Schrödinger operator with a Dirac delta potential asymptotically governs the spectral properties of the two-dimensional point scatterer. We also find the rate of localization in terms of the aspect ratio of the rectangle. In addition, we present numerical results regarding the asymptotic behavior of the localization.
The approximated energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the spherical Woods-Saxon effective potential in $D$ dimensions are obtained within the new improved quantization rule for all $l$-states. The Pekeris approximation is used to deal with the centrifugal term in the effective Woods-Saxon potential. The inter-dimensional degeneracies for various orbital quantum number $l$ and dimensional space $D$ are studied. The solutions for the Hulthén potential, the three-dimensional (D=3), the $% s$-wave ($l=0$) and the cases are briefly discussed.
Comparison between the exact value of the spectral zeta function, $Z_{H}(1)=5^{-6/5}[3-2\cos(π/5)]Γ^2(1/5)/Γ(3/5)$, and the results of numeric and WKB calculations supports the conjecture by Bessis that all the eigenvalues of this PT-invariant hamiltonian are real. For one-dimensional Schrödinger operators with complex potentials having a monotonic imaginary part, the eigenfunctions (and the imaginary parts of their logarithmic derivatives) have no real zeros.
Parameter dependent non-Hermitian quantum systems typically not only possess eigenvalue degeneracies, but also degeneracies of the corresponding eigenfunctions at exceptional points. While the effect of two coalescing eigenfunctions on cyclic parameter variation is well investigated, little attention has hitherto been paid to the effect of more than two coalescing eigenfunctions. Here a characterisation of behaviours of symmetric Hamiltonians with three coalescing eigenfunctions is presented, using perturbation theory for non-Hermitian operators. Two main types of parameter perturbations need …
The behavior of Laplacian eigenfunctions in domains with branches is investigated. If an eigenvalue is below a threshold which is determined by the shape of the branch, the associated eigenfunction is proved to exponentially decay inside the branch. The decay rate is twice the square root of the difference between the threshold and the eigenvalue. The derived exponential estimate is applicable for arbitrary domains in any spatial dimension. Numerical simulations illustrate and further extend the theoretical estimate.
We give an introduction to some of the numerical aspects in quantum chaos. The classical dynamics of two--dimensional area--preserving maps on the torus is illustrated using the standard map and a perturbed cat map. The quantization of area--preserving maps given by their generating function is discussed and for the computation of the eigenvalues a computer program in Python is presented. We illustrate the eigenvalue distribution for two types of perturbed cat maps, one leading to COE and the other to CUE statistics. For the eigenfunctions of quantum maps we study the distribution of the eigen…
The spectral renormalization method was introduced in 2005 as an effective way to compute ground states of nonlinear Schrödinger and Gross-Pitaevskii type equations. In this paper, we introduce an orthogonal spectral renormalization (OSR) method to compute ground and excited states (and their respective eigenvalues) of linear and nonlinear eigenvalue problems. The implementation of the algorithm follows four simple steps: (i) reformulate the underlying eigenvalue problem as a fixed point equation, (ii) introduce a renormalization factor that controls the convergence properties of the iteration…
We obtain all the exact eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of $N$-body Bose and Fermi systems with Quadratic Pair Potentials in one dimension. The originally existed first excited state level is missing in one dimension, which results from the operation of symmetry or antisymmetry of identical particles. In two and higher dimensions, we give all the eigenvalues and the analytical ground state wave functions and the number of degeneracy. Through the comparison with Avinash Khare's results, we have perfected his results.
