Standard quantum mechanics makes use of four auxiliary rules that allow the Schrodinger solutions to be related to laboratory experience, such as the Born rule that connects square modulus to probability. These rules (here called the sRules) lead to some unacceptable results. They do not allow the primary observer to be part of the system. They do not allow individual observations (as opposed to ensembles) to be part of the system. They make a fundamental distinction between microscopic and macroscopic things, and they are ambiguous in their description of secondary observers such as Schrodingers cat.
The nRules are an alternative set of auxiliary rules that avoid the above difficulties. In this paper we look at a wide range of representative experiments showing that the nRules adequately relate the Schrodinger solutions to empirical experience. This suggests that the sRules should be abandoned in favor of the more satisfactory nRules, or a third auxiliary rule-set called the oRules. Keywords: brain states, consciousness, decoherence, epistemology, measurement, ontology, stochastic, state reduction, wave collapse.
We propose how to achieve significantly enhanced quantum refrigeration and entanglement by coupling a pumped auxiliary cavity to an optomechanical cavity. We obtain both analytical and numerical results, and find optimal-refrigeration and -entanglement conditions under the auxiliary-cavity-assisted (ACA) mechanism. Our method leads to a giant amplification in the net refrigeration rate, and reveals that the ACA entanglement has a much stronger noise-tolerant ability in comparison with the unassisted case. By appropriately designing the ACA mechanism, an effective mechanical susceptibility can …
The current applications of non-Hermitian but ${\cal PT}-$symmetric Hamiltonians $H$ cover several, mutually not too closely connected subdomains of quantum physics. Mathematically, the split between the open and closed systems can be characterized by the respective triviality and non-triviality of an auxiliary inner-product metric $Θ=Θ(H)$. With our attention restricted to the latter, mathematically more interesting unitary-evolution case we show that the intuitive but technically decisive simplification of the theory achieved via an "additional" ${\cal PCT}-$symmetry constraint upon $H$ can …
The Koopman-von Neumann (KvN) theory is one where the dynamical momentum is not canonically conjugate to position, i.e., position and momentum are deconjugated. From this point of view, we show that the KvN theory arises from quantum mechanics, extracting classical equations of motion from quantum ones. However, preserving the canonical structure of the theory requires introducing ``auxiliary'' canonical conjugates to position and momentum. We show that using the KvN formulation to study the interaction between quantum and classical systems forces the auxiliary variables to take on a physical …
A quantum mechanics representation based on position ($\vec{r}$), linear momentum($\vec{p}$) and energy($E$) eigenvalues is presented here. A set of equations, explicitly independent on wave function, was derived relating these observables. In this view, a particle has a known trajectory and at any point on space there is a linear momentum associated. Trajectory here, can be viewed as if a measurement were taken continuously. This picture does not change current quantum mechanics interpretation, rather it comes as a new route of calculation. Also, wave function can be retrieved performing an i…
We formulate Bohmian mechanics (BM) such that the main objects of concern are macroscopic phenomena, while microscopic particle trajectories only play an auxiliary role. Such a formulation makes it easy to understand why BM always makes the same measurable predictions as standard quantum mechanics (QM), irrespectively of the details of microscopic trajectories. Relativistic quantum field theory (QFT) is interpreted as an effective long-distance theory that at smaller distances must be replaced by some more fundamental theory. Analogy with condensed-matter physics suggests that this more fundam…
Hugh Everett III presented pure wave mechanics, sometimes referred to as the many-worlds interpretation, as a solution to the quantum measurement problem. While pure wave mechanics is an objectively deterministic physical theory with no probabilities, Everett sought to show how the theory might be understood as making the standard quantum statistical predictions as appearances to observers who were themselves described by the theory. We will consider his argument and how it depends on a particular notion of branch typicality. We will also consider responses to Everett and the relationship betw…
The ontological model framework provides a rigorous approach to address the question of whether the quantum state is ontic or epistemic. When considering only conventional projective measurements, auxiliary assumptions are always needed to prove the reality of the quantum state in the framework. For example, the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph theorem is based on an additional preparation independence assumption. In this paper, we give a new proof of psi-ontology in terms of protective measurements in the ontological model framework. The proof does not rely on auxiliary assumptions, and also applies to …
A book about turning high-degree optimization problems into quadratic optimization problems that maintain the same global minimum (ground state). This book explores quadratizations for pseudo-Boolean optimization, perturbative gadgets used in QMA completeness theorems, and also non-perturbative k-local to 2-local transformations used for quantum mechanics, quantum annealing and universal adiabatic quantum computing. The book contains ~70 different Hamiltonian transformations, each of them on a separate page, where the cost (in number of auxiliary binary variables or auxiliary qubits, or number…
In quantum mechanics the unitary evolution is most often described in a pre-selected Hilbert space ${\cal H}^{(textbook)}$ in which, due to the Stone theorem, the Schrödinger-picture Hamiltonian is self-adjoint, $\mathfrak{h}=\mathfrak{h}^\dagger$. Via a unitary transformation one can also translate the theory (i.e., usually, differential evolution equations) to the Heisenberg or interaction picture. Once we decide to treat ${\cal H}^{(textbook)}$ as a "Dyson's" non-unitary one-to-one image of a new, auxiliary Hilbert space ${\cal H}^{(friendlier)}$, the corresponding (i.e., presumably, user-f…
