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arXiv quant-ph/0501104quant-ph
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Wigner函数与有限系统的可分性

Wigner Functions and Separability for Finite Systems

Arthur O. Pittenger, Morton H. Rubin

摘要:

本文讨论了相空间中与互无偏基有关的离散Wigner函数。这种方法需要数学假设,将其限制在具有定义在p^n维复希尔伯特空间上的密度矩阵的系统,其中p是素数。有了这个限制,就有可能定义一个相空间和维格纳函数,与连续的情况非常相似。也就是说,我们使用的相空间是n个二维向量空间的直和,每个向量空间包含p^2个点。这与更常见的包含p^(2n)个点的二维相空间的选择相反。这种方法的一个有用的方面是,我们可以用一种自然的方式将密度矩阵的完全可分性与它们的Wigner函数联系起来。我们详细讨论了二分系统,并提出了推广到任意数量的子系统时,p是奇数。需要特别注意的是两个量子位(p=2),我们的技术未能建立两个以上的量子位的可分性。

英文摘要:

A discussion of discrete Wigner functions in phase space related to mutually unbiased bases is presented. This approach requires mathematical assumptions which limits it to systems with density matrices defined on complex Hilbert spaces of dimension p^n where p is a prime number. With this limitation it is possible to define a phase space and Wigner functions in close analogy to the continuous case. That is, we use a phase space that is a direct sum of n two-dimensional vector spaces each containing p^2 points. This is in contrast to the more usual choice of a two-dimensional phase space containing p^(2n) points. A useful aspect of this approach is that we can relate complete separability of density matrices and their Wigner functions in a natural way. We discuss this in detail for bipartite systems and present the generalization to arbitrary numbers of subsystems when p is odd. Special attention is required for two qubits (p=2) and our technique fails to establish the separability property for more than two qubits.

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