Oded Regev
In a recent paper, Kuperberg described the first subexponential time algorithm for solving the dihedral hidden subgroup problem. The space requirement of his algorithm is super-polynomial. We describe a modified algorithm whose running time is still subexponential and whose space requirement is only polynomial.
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We give an algorithm for the hidden subgroup problem for the dihedral group $D_N$, or equivalently the cyclic hidden shift problem, that supersedes our first algorithm and is suggested by Regev's algorithm. It runs in $\exp(O(\sqrt{\log N}))$ quantum time and uses $\exp(O(\sqrt{\log N}))$ classical space, but only $O(\log N)$ quantum space. The algorithm also runs faster with quantumly addressable classical space than with fully classical space. In the hidden shift form, which is more natural for this algorithm regardless, it can also make use of multiple hidden shifts. It can also be extended…
We present a quantum algorithm for the dihedral hidden subgroup problem with time and query complexity $O(\exp(C\sqrt{\log N}))$. In this problem an oracle computes a function $f$ on the dihedral group $D_N$ which is invariant under a hidden reflection in $D_N$. By contrast the classical query complexity of DHSP is $O(\sqrt{N})$. The algorithm also applies to the hidden shift problem for an arbitrary finitely generated abelian group. The algorithm begins with the quantum character transform on the group, just as for other hidden subgroup problems. Then it tensors irreducible representations of…
We consider the dihedral hidden subgroup problem as the problem of distinguishing hidden subgroup states. We show that the optimal measurement for solving this problem is the so-called pretty good measurement. We then prove that the success probability of this measurement exhibits a sharp threshold as a function of the density nu=k/log N, where k is the number of copies of the hidden subgroup state and 2N is the order of the dihedral group. In particular, for nu<1 the optimal measurement (and hence any measurement) identifies the hidden subgroup with a probability that is exponentially small i…
To accelerate the algorithms for the dihedral hidden subgroup problem, we present a new algorithm based on algorithm SV(shortest vector). A subroutine is given to get a transition quantum state by constructing a phase filter function, then the measurement basis are derived based on the technique for solving low density subset problem. Finally, the parity of slope is revealed by the measurements on the transition quantum state. This algorithm takes O(n) quantum space and O(n^2) classical space, which is superior to existing algorithms, for a relatively small n(n<6400),it takes (n^0.5)*(log(max …
Learning with Errors (LWE) problems are the foundations for numerous applications in lattice-based cryptography and are provably as hard as approximate lattice problems in the worst case. Here we present a reduction from LWE problem to dihedral coset problem(DCP). We present a quantum algorithm to generate the input of the two point problem which hides the solution of LWE. We then give a new reduction from two point problem to dihedral coset problem on D_{{({n^{13})}^{n\log n}}}. Our reduction implicate that any algorithm solves DCP in subexponential time would lead a quantum algorithm for LWE…
Distributed quantum algorithm for the dihedral hidden subgroup problem
本文针对二面体隐藏子群问题中Kuperberg算法量子资源消耗过大的问题，提出基于函数分解的分布式量子算法，通过多节点并行处理降低单节点电路深度和量子比特需求，并在Qiskit仿真中验证了其准确性和更高的测量成功率。
The dihedral hidden subgroup problem
本文从标准隐藏子群量子算法视角阐述二面体隐藏子群问题，指出强傅里叶采样的障碍，并展示修改标准算法可获得多项式量子查询复杂度，同时揭示二面体陪集问题与量子态克隆的新联系。
Learning T-conjugated stabilizers: The multiple-squares dihedral StateHSP
本文提出了一种在二面体群上解决非阿贝尔StateHSP的算法，适用于学习非泡利稳定器及哈密顿量光谱问题的相关对称性。
Time and Query Complexity Tradeoffs for the Dihedral Coset Problem
本文针对二面体陪集问题，首次在线性查询区间改进 Ettinger-Hoyer 算法，并通过将 Kuperberg 筛选器作为预处理与量子子集和求解相结合，实现线性查询-指数时间与次指数查询-时间之间的平滑权衡。
We present a polynomial-time quantum algorithm for the Hidden Subgroup Problem over $\mathbb{D}_{2^n}$. The usual approach to the Hidden Subgroup Problem relies on harmonic analysis in the domain of the problem, and the best known algorithm using this approach has time complexity in $2^{\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{n})}$. By focusing on structure encoded in the codomain of the problem, we develop a polynomial-time algorithm which uses this structure to direct a "walk" down the subgroup lattice of $\mathbb{D}_{2^n}$ terminating at the hidden subgroup.
Difference sets are basic combinatorial structures that have applications in signal processing, coding theory, and cryptography. We consider the problem of identifying a shifted version of the characteristic function of a (known) difference set. We present a generic quantum algorithm that can be used to tackle any hidden shift problem for any difference set in any abelian group. We discuss special cases of this framework where the resulting quantum algorithm is efficient. This includes: a) Paley difference sets based on quadratic residues in finite fields, which allows to recover the shifted L…
Recently Bacon, Childs and van Dam showed that the ``pretty good measurement'' (PGM) is optimal for the Hidden Subgroup Problem on the dihedral group D_n in the case where the hidden subgroup is chosen uniformly from the n involutions. We show that, for any group and any subgroup H, the PGM is the optimal one-register experiment in the case where the hidden subgroup is a uniformly random conjugate of H. We go on to show that when H forms a Gel'fand pair with its parent group, the PGM is the optimal measurement for any number of registers. In both cases we bound the probability that the optimal…
We give efficient quantum algorithms for the problems of Hidden Translation and Hidden Subgroup in a large class of non-abelian solvable groups including solvable groups of constant exponent and of constant length derived series. Our algorithms are recursive. For the base case, we solve efficiently Hidden Translation in $\Z_{p}^{n}$, whenever $p$ is a fixed prime. For the induction step, we introduce the problem Translating Coset generalizing both Hidden Translation and Hidden Subgroup, and prove a powerful self-reducibility result: Translating Coset in a finite solvable group $G$ is reducible…
Quantum Fourier transformation is important in many quantum algorithms. In this paper, we generalize quantum Fourier transformation over the Abelian group $\mathbb{Z}_N$ from two different points to get more efficient unitary transformations. The obtained unitary transformations are given in concise and explicit formula which can be used directly. A relationship between the generalized quantum Fourier transformation and the dihedral hidden subgroup problem are discussed in this paper. This may lead a way to solve the dihedral hidden subgroup problem. The second goal of this paper is to give an…
We present an explicit measurement in the Fourier basis that solves an important case of the Hidden Subgroup Problem, including the case to which Graph Isomorphism reduces. This entangled measurement uses $k=\log_2 |G|$ registers, and each of the $2^k$ subsets of the registers contributes some information. While this does not, in general, yield an efficient algorithm, it generalizes the relationship between Subset Sum and the HSP in the dihedral group, and sheds some light on how quantum algorithms for Graph Isomorphism might work.
Quantum algorithms for factoring and discrete logarithm have previously been generalized to finding hidden subgroups of finite Abelian groups. This paper explores the possibility of extending this general viewpoint to finding hidden subgroups of noncommutative groups. We present a quantum algorithm for the special case of dihedral groups which determines the hidden subgroup in a linear number of calls to the input function. We also explore the difficulties of developing an algorithm to process the data to explicitly calculate a generating set for the subgroup. A general framework for the nonco…
We give an overview of the Hidden Subgroup Problem (HSP) as of July 2010, including new results discovered since the survey of arXiv:quant-ph/0411037v1. We recall how the problem provides a framework for efficient quantum algorithms and present the standard methods based on coset sampling. We study the Dihedral and Symmetric HSPs and how they relate to hard problems on lattices and graphs. Finally, we conclude with the known solutions and techniques, describe connections with efficient algorithms as well as miscellaneous variants of HSP. We also bring various contributions to the topic. We sho…
We present the view of quantum algorithms as a search-theoretic problem. We show that the Fourier transform, used to solve the Abelian hidden subgroup problem, is an example of an efficient elimination observable which eliminates a constant fraction of the candidate secret states with high probability. Finally, we show that elimination observables do not always exist by considering the geometry of the hidden subgroup states of the dihedral group D_N.
We study the hardness of the dihedral hidden subgroup problem. It is known that lattice problems reduce to it, and that it reduces to random subset sum with density $> 1$ and also to quantum sampling subset sum solutions. We examine a decision version of the problem where the question asks whether the hidden subgroup is trivial or order two. The decision problem essentially asks if a given vector is in the span of all coset states. We approach this by first computing an explicit basis for the coset space and the perpendicular space. We then look at the consequences of having efficient unitarie…
We present a polynomial-time reduction of the discrete logarithm problem in any periodic (a.k.a. torsion) semigroup (SGDLP) to the same problem in a subgroup of the same semigroup. It follows that SGDLP can be solved in polynomial time by quantum computers, and that SGDLP has subexponential algorithms whenever the classic DLP in the corresponding groups has subexponential algorithms.
One of the central issues in the hidden subgroup problem is to bound the sample complexity, i.e., the number of identical samples of coset states sufficient and necessary to solve the problem. In this paper, we present general bounds for the sample complexity of the identification and decision versions of the hidden subgroup problem. As a consequence of the bounds, we show that the sample complexity for both of the decision and identification versions is $Θ(\log|\HH|/\log p)$ for a candidate set $\HH$ of hidden subgroups in the case that the candidate subgroups have the same prime order $p$, w…
We show that several problems that figure prominently in quantum computing, including Hidden Coset, Hidden Shift, and Orbit Coset, are equivalent or reducible to Hidden Subgroup for a large variety of groups. We also show that, over permutation groups, the decision version and search version of Hidden Subgroup are polynomial-time equivalent. For Hidden Subgroup over dihedral groups, such an equivalence can be obtained if the order of the group is smooth. Finally, we give nonadaptive program checkers for Hidden Subgroup and its decision version.
Consider the following generalized hidden shift problem: given a function f on {0,...,M-1} x Z_N satisfying f(b,x)=f(b+1,x+s) for b=0,1,...,M-2, find the unknown shift s in Z_N. For M=N, this problem is an instance of the abelian hidden subgroup problem, which can be solved efficiently on a quantum computer, whereas for M=2, it is equivalent to the dihedral hidden subgroup problem, for which no efficient algorithm is known. For any fixed positive epsilon, we give an efficient (i.e., poly(log N)) quantum algorithm for this problem provided M > N^epsilon. The algorithm is based on the "pretty go…
Cyclotomic Cosets: Hidden Subgroup and Quantum Sieving Algorithm for Prime-Power Moduli
本文提出分圆陪集问题（CCP），保留隐藏子群结构，并利用π-adic理想链构造量子筛，在素数幂模数下以拟多项式时间解决CCP、均匀EDCP及高斯S|LWE>，但不直接适用于标准LWE。
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