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arXiv quant-ph/0310096quant-phphysics.chem-ph
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退相干的量子轨道描述

A quantum trajectory description of decoherence

A. S. Sanz, F. Borondo

摘要:

对物理学、化学和生物学相关的许多问题进行完整的理论处理,需要考虑环境对感兴趣的系统的作用。通常环境涉及相对大量的自由度,这使得从纯量子力学的角度来看问题在数值上难以处理。为了克服这个缺点,提出了一类新的量子轨道。这些轨迹,基于相同的理由作为Bohmian的,是唯一相关的系统减少密度矩阵,因为环境的自由度的演变没有被明确考虑。在这种方法中,环境效应通过出现在系统运动方程中的随时间变化的阻尼因子来发挥作用。除了它们明显的计算优势之外,这种类型的轨迹也对理解系统退相干非常有见地。特别是,在这里,我们显示了有用的这些轨迹分析干涉现象中的退相干效应,作为一个工作模型,著名的双缝实验。

英文摘要:

A complete theoretical treatment in many problems relevant to physics, chemistry, and biology requires considering the action of the environment over the system of interest. Usually the environment involves a relatively large number of degrees of freedom, this making the problem numerically intractable from a purely quantum-mechanical point of view. To overcome this drawback, a new class of quantum trajectories is proposed. These trajectories, based on the same grounds as Bohmian ones, are solely associated to the system reduced density matrix, since the evolution of the environment degrees of freedom is not considered explicitly. Within this approach, environment effects come into play through a time-dependent damping factor that appears in the system equations of motion. Apart from their evident computational advantage, this type of trajectories also results very insightful to understand the system decoherence. In particular, here we show the usefulness of these trajectories analyzing decoherence effects in interference phenomena, taking as a working model the well-known double-slit experiment.

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