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arXiv quant-ph/0307193quant-ph
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能量跃迁过程中的实在论--以玻姆量子力学为例

Realism in Energy Transition Processes: an example from Bohmian Quantum Mechanics

J. Acacio de Barros, J. P. R. F. de Mendonca, N. Pinto-Neto

摘要:

本文详细研究了两个弱耦合谐振子系统。这个系统可以被看作是一个简单的模型之间的相互作用的光子和光电探测器。我们得到了一般情况下的精确解。然后,我们计算的情况下,一个单光子(其中一个振荡器最初是在其第一激发态)到达一个光电探测器在其基态(其他振荡器)的近似解。近似解表示相互作用后光子和光电探测器的状态,这不是每个粒子的单个哈密顿量的本征态,因此每个粒子的能量在量子力学的哥本哈根解释中不存在。我们使用我们得到的近似解来计算玻姆轨道,并研究两个粒子之间的能量转移。我们的结论是,即使使用玻姆观点,每个粒子的能量也没有很好的定义,因为即使在耦合关闭后,非定域量子势也是不可忽略的。

英文摘要:

In this paper we study in details a system of two weakly coupled harmonic oscillators. This system may be viewed as a simple model for the interaction between a photon and a photodetector. We obtain exact solutions for the general case. We then compute approximate solutions for the case of a single photon (where one oscillator is initially in its first excited state) reaching a photodetector in its ground state (the other oscillator). The approximate solutions represent the state of both the photon and the photodetector after the interaction, which is not an eigenstate of the individual hamiltonians for each particle, and therefore the energies for each particle do not exist in the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. We use the approximate solutions that we obtained to compute bohmian trajectories and to study the energy transfer between the two particles. We conclude that even using the bohmian view the energy of each individual particle is not well defined, as the nonlocal quantum potential is not negligible even after the coupling is turned off.

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