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arXiv quant-ph/0304200quant-ph
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量子和经典测量中信息收集的性质

On the properties of information gathering in quantum and classical measurements

Kurt Jacobs

摘要:

经典测量提供的信息由输出结果和测量量之间的互信息明确确定。然而,量子力学至少有两个概念的信息收集可以考虑,一个表征的信息提供的初始准备,有用的通信,和其他表征的信息有关的最终状态,有用的状态准备和控制。在这里,我们有兴趣了解这些措施的性质,以及量子和经典测量的信息收集能力。我们提供了一个部分回答的问题`在什么意义上的信息增益增加与初始的不确定性?通过表明,对于相对于状态空间的可逆变换对称的经典和量子测量,关于初始状态的信息增益总是随着观察者的初始不确定性而增加。此外,我们计算了所有酉协变和交换置换对称测量获得经典信息的能力。虽然在后一种能力中出现的是效应的冯诺伊曼熵,但在前一种能力的表达式中出现的是次熵。

英文摘要:

The information provided by a classical measurement is unambiguously determined by the mutual information between the output results and the measured quantity. However, quantum mechanically there are at least two notions of information gathering which can be considered, one characterizing the information provided about the initial preparation, useful in communication, and the other characterizing the information about the final state, useful in state-preparation and control. Here we are interested in understanding the properties of these measures, and the information gathering capacities of quantum and classical measurements. We provide a partial answer to the question `in what sense does information gain increase with initial uncertainty?' by showing that, for classical and quantum measurements which are symmetric with respect to reversible transformations of the state space, the information gain regarding the initial state always increases with the observer's initial uncertainty. In addition, we calculate the capacity of all unitarily covariant and commutative permutation-symmetric measurements for obtaining classical information. While it is the von Neumann entropy of the effects which appears in the latter capacity, it is the subentropy which appears in the expression for the former.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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