arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv quant-ph/0112176quant-ph
收藏

利用核磁共振实验实现Shor量子因子分解算法

Experimental realization of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm using nuclear magnetic resonance

Lieven M. K. Vandersypen, Matthias Steffen, Gregory Breyta, Costantino S. Yannoni, Mark H. Sherwood, Isaac L. Chuang

摘要:

任何经典计算机为了找到$l$ -位整数$N$的素因子所需的步骤数随着$l$呈指数增长,至少使用目前已知的算法。因此,大整数的因式分解在经典上是难以处理的,这是广泛使用的密码的安全性的基础。然而,量子计算机可以在多项式时间内分解整数,使用Shor的量子分解算法。虽然对量子计算机的研究很重要,但这种算法的实验证明是难以捉摸的。在这里,我们报告一个最简单的实例Shor的算法:分解${N=15}$(其素因子是3和5)。我们使用一个分子中的七个自旋为1/2的原子核作为量子比特,可以用室温液态核磁共振技术来操纵。这种使用原子核来存储量子信息的方法原则上可扩展到许多量子比特系统,但是这种可扩展性并不被本工作所暗示。我们工作的意义在于演示复杂量子计算机精确控制和建模的实验和理论技术。特别是,我们提出了一个简单的,无参数的,但在我们的系统中的退相干效应的预测模型。

英文摘要:

The number of steps any classical computer requires in order to find the prime factors of an $l$-digit integer $N$ increases exponentially with $l$, at least using algorithms known at present. Factoring large integers is therefore conjectured to be intractable classically, an observation underlying the security of widely used cryptographic codes. Quantum computers, however, could factor integers in only polynomial time, using Shor's quantum factoring algorithm. Although important for the study of quantum computers, experimental demonstration of this algorithm has proved elusive. Here we report an implementation of the simplest instance of Shor's algorithm: factorization of ${N=15}$ (whose prime factors are 3 and 5). We use seven spin-1/2 nuclei in a molecule as quantum bits, which can be manipulated with room temperature liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. This method of using nuclei to store quantum information is in principle scalable to many quantum bit systems, but such scalability is not implied by the present work. The significance of our work lies in the demonstration of experimental and theoretical techniques for precise control and modelling of complex quantum computers. In particular, we present a simple, parameter-free but predictive model of decoherence effects in our system.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑