arXiv quant-ph/00060152000-06quant-ph

单光子在腔QED中的囚禁

Trapping of Single Atoms with Single Photons in Cavity QED

A. C. Doherty, T. W. Lynn, C. J. Hood, H. J. Kimble

备注：: 19 pages, 22 figure files, REVTEX, corrected spelling, LaTeX now produces postscript which includes figures, minor changes to figures. Final version to be published in Physical Review A, expanded summary of results in introduction, minor changes to figures and text
DOI：: 10.1103/PhysRevA.63.013401

摘要：

两个最近的实验已经报道了通过与单个光子相关联的机械力将单个原子捕获在光学谐振器内[Hood等人，Science 287，1447（2000）和Pinkse等人，Nature 404，365（2000）]。在这里，我们分析了这些设置中的捕获动态，重点关注两个兴趣点。首先，我们调查的程度，在这些实验中的光诱导力是不同于他们的自由空间同行。其次，我们探讨了由此产生的原子运动的定量特征，以及这些动力学如何映射到腔内场的变化。毫不奇怪，随着耦合率和耗散率的变化，质量上不同的原子动力学就会出现。对于Hood等人的实验，我们发现原子的运动在很大程度上是保守的，并且主要是在横向于腔轴的径向轨道上。与自由空间理论的比较表明，偶极力的波动被抑制了一个数量级。这种效应基于原子-腔系统的Jaynes-Cummings本征态，代表了单光子水平上光学力的定性新物理。相比之下，即使在Pinkse等人的实验中，在自由空间理论和量子理论之间只有很小的定量区别，因此不清楚是否有必要将该实验描述为新颖的单量子俘获效应。原子运动是强烈的扩散，导致平均本地化时间相当于一个原子自由地通过腔体的时间和减少的能力来推断方面的原子运动从腔内光子数。

英文摘要：

Two recent experiments have reported the trapping of individual atoms inside optical resonators by the mechanical forces associated with single photons [Hood et al., Science 287, 1447 (2000) and Pinkse et al., Nature 404, 365 (2000)]. Here we analyze the trapping dynamics in these settings, focusing on two points of interest. Firstly, we investigate the extent to which light-induced forces in these experiments are distinct from their free-space counterparts. Secondly, we explore the quantitative features of the resulting atomic motion and how these dynamics are mapped onto variations of the intracavity field. Not surprisingly, qualitatively distinct atomic dynamics arise as the coupling and dissipative rates are varied. For the experiment of Hood et al., we show that atomic motion is largely conservative and is predominantly in radial orbits transverse to the cavity axis. A comparison with the free-space theory demonstrates that the fluctuations of the dipole force are suppressed by an order of magnitude. This effect is based upon the Jaynes-Cummings eigenstates of the atom-cavity system and represents qualitatively new physics for optical forces at the single-photon level. By contrast, even in a regime of strong coupling in the experiment of Pinkse et al., there are only small quantitative distinctions between the free-space theory and the quantum theory, so it is not clear that description of this experiment as a novel single-quantum trapping effect is necessary. The atomic motion is strongly diffusive, leading to an average localization time comparable to the time for an atom to transit freely through the cavity and to a reduction in the ability to infer aspects of the atomic motion from the intracavity photon number.

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