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arXiv physics/9803025physics.flu-dynchao-dynmath-phmath.MPnlin.CD
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三维混沌流中的平流和扩散

Advection and diffusion in a three dimensional chaotic flow

X. Z. Tang, A. H. Boozer

摘要:

通过整体拉格朗日坐标变换研究对流扩散方程。拉格朗日坐标的度量张量将动力系统理论严格耦合到这类偏微分方程的解中。如果流动具有混沌流线,则扩散将在临界时间处主导解,该临界时间与扩散率成比例。随后的快速扩散弛豫是在几个李雅普诺夫时间的顺序上完成的,并且扩散系数越小,它变得越各向异性。流的局部李雅普诺夫时间是有限时间李雅普诺夫指数的倒数。有限时间的李雅普诺夫指数可以用两个收敛函数来表示,这两个收敛函数是对流和扩散传输的时空复杂性的原因。这种复杂性在混沌区域中给出了一类新的扩散势垒,并且在空间和时间上都具有分形行为。在有剪切的可积流中,也存在快扩散和慢扩散。但与混沌流不同的是,由于可积流中的快速扩散被严格限制在KAM曲面内,因此KAM曲面上的标量场可以保持很大的梯度。

英文摘要:

The advection-diffusion equation is studied via a global Lagrangian coordinate transformation. The metric tensor of the Lagrangian coordinates couples the dynamical system theory rigorously into the solution of this class of partial differential equations. If the flow has chaotic streamlines, the diffusion will dominate the solution at a critical time, which scales logarithmically with the diffusivity. The subsequent rapid diffusive relaxation is completed on the order of a few Lyapunov times, and it becomes more anisotropic the smaller the diffusivity. The local Lyapunov time of the flow is the inverse of the finite time Lyapunov exponent. A finite time Lyapunov exponent can be expressed in terms of two convergence functions which are responsible for the spatio-temporal complexity of both the advective and diffusive transports. This complexity gives a new class of diffusion barrier in the chaotic region and a fractal-like behavior in both space and time. In an integrable flow with shear, there also exist fast and slow diffusion. But unlike that in a chaotic flow, a large gradient of the scalar field across the KAM surfaces can be maintained since the fast diffusion in an integrable flow is strictly confined within the KAM surfaces.

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