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arXiv physics/0610191physics.opticsphysics.comp-ph
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近场衍射效应

Diffraction Effects in the Near Field

Marek W. Kowarz

摘要:

本论文主要研究近场衍射效应的理解和分析。详细研究了均匀波和倏逝波对二维近场标量场衍射图样的贡献。精确的关系得到计算这些贡献为任意的传播距离,以及近场的近似表达式。两个贡献的行为示出的情况下,平面波衍射的狭缝在一个不透明的屏幕。本文用时域有限差分法(FD-TD)研究了薄导体屏上有缝隙时,精确边界值对近场的影响。FD-TD数值结果显示在彩色图像中,说明了狭缝附近场的振幅和相位的复杂行为。这些数值结果进行了比较与近似理论的预测。本文讨论了薄屏衍射问题中确定近场的一些新方法。具体而言,新的近似理论的衍射标量和电磁场和迭代傅立叶算法提出了解决严格的边值问题。为了了解光学涡旋对衍射的影响,本文研究了高斯光束照射螺旋相位板产生的光场。它示出的新兴领域的振幅分布的变化明显超过传播距离,远小于瑞利范围。

英文摘要:

This dissertation is concerned with understanding and analyzing some of the effects of diffraction in the near field. The contributions of homogeneous and of evanescent waves to two-dimensional near-field diffraction patterns of scalar fields are examined in detail. Exact relations are obtained for calculating these contributions for arbitrary propagation distances, along with approximate expressions for the near field. The behavior of the two contributions is illustrated for the case of a plane wave diffracted by a slit in an opaque screen. The finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method is used examine the influence of exact boundary values on the near field for the case of a slit in a thin perfectly conducting screen. The FD-TD numerical results are displayed in color images that illustrate the intricate behavior of the amplitude and the phase of the field in the vicinity of the slit. These numerical results are compared with the predictions of approximate theories. Some new methods for determining near-fields in rigorous diffraction problems involving thin screens are discussed. Specifically, new approximate theories of diffraction are introduced for both scalar and electromagnetic fields and an iterative Fourier-based algorithm is proposed for solving the rigorous boundary value problem. In order to understand the effects of an optical vortex on diffraction, the field emerging from a spiral phase plate illuminated by a Gaussian beam is examined. It is shown that the amplitude profile of the emerging field changes appreciably over propagation distances that are much smaller than the Rayleigh range.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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