向下动量输送在对流下击暴流产生中的作用
The Role of Downward Momentum Transport in the Generation of Convective Downbursts
摘要：
一个下击暴流指数已被开发来评估与强降水产生（HP）对流系统相关的对流下击暴流的大小。该指数设计用于美国大陆中部和东部的暖季，由代表对流上升气流发展和下击暴流生成的同时物理过程的相关参数组成，其中包括正浮力能或对流可用势能（CAPE）以及地面和对流层中层之间的垂直等效位温梯度。除了大的CAPE和存在的垂直等效位温梯度梯度，以前的研究已经确定了其他有利条件下击暴流的产生在冷季对流事件。与天气强迫对流系统相关的下击暴流产生的主要机制是对流层中层风所拥有的较高动量的向下输送。
英文摘要：
A downburst index has been developed to assess the magnitude of convective downbursts associated with heavy precipitation-producing (HP) convective systems. The index, designed for use during the warm season over the central and eastern continental United States, is composed of relevant parameters that represent the simultaneous physical processes of convective updraft development and downburst generation, incorporating positive buoyant energy or convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the vertical equivalent potential temperature gradient between the surface and the mid-troposphere. In addition to large CAPE and the presence of a vertical equivalent potential temperature gradient gradient, previous research has identified other favorable conditions for downburst generation during cold-season convection events. A primary mechanism in downburst generation associated with synoptically forced convective systems is the downward transport of higher momentum possessed by winds in the mid-troposphere.
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