预测美国大平原上空的对流下击暴流潜力
Forecasting Convective Downburst Potential Over The United States Great Plains
摘要：
美国大陆中部和东部上空发生的与深对流风暴系统相关的下击暴流的有利环境包括强烈的靜态不稳定、大量的对流可用势能和对流层中层干燥空气的存在。然而，先前的研究已经确定，在美国中部，特别是在大平原地区，在对流季节可能存在有利于潮湿和干燥的微下击暴流之间的环境，导致混合型微下击暴流的产生。混合微暴流被发现起源于产生强降水的深对流风暴，而降水的云下蒸发是下沉气流加速的一个重要因素。因此，一个新的GOES探测器衍生产品，GOES混合微下击暴流指数，正在开发中，旨在评估对流下击暴流的潜力，发展在一个中间环境之间的潮湿类型，与强降水，和干燥类型与对流，其中很少或没有降水观察到在地面。
英文摘要：
A favorable environment for downbursts associated with deep convective storm systems that occur over the central and eastern continental United States includes strong static instability with large amounts of convective available potential energy and the presence of a mid-tropospheric layer of dry air. However, previous research has identified that over the central United States, especially in the Great Plains region, an environment between that favorable for wet and dry microbursts may exist during the convective season, resulting in the generation of hybrid type microbursts. Hybrid microbursts have been found to originate from deep convective storms that generate heavy precipitation, with sub-cloud evaporation of precipitation a significant factor in downdraft acceleration. Accordingly, a new GOES sounder derived product, the GOES Hybrid Microburst Index, is under development and is designed to assess the potential for convective downbursts that develop in an intermediate environment between a wet type, associated with heavy precipitation, and a dry type associated with convection in which very little to no precipitation is observed at the surface.
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