引用的数学理论
A mathematical theory of citing
摘要：
最近，我们提出了一个模型，当一个科学家写一篇手稿时，他随机挑选几篇论文，引用它们，并复制它们的参考文献的一小部分（cond-mat/0305150）。我们发现大多数科学引文都是从其他论文中使用的参考文献列表中复制的，这一发现激发了该模型（cond-mat/0212043）。它定量地解释了经验观察到的引文分布的几个特性。然而，重要的特征，如幂律分布的引用在同一年内发表的论文和事实，即平均引用率下降与老化的论文，没有考虑到该模型。在这里，我们提出了一个修改后的模型：当一个科学家写一份手稿时，他随机挑选了几篇最近的论文，引用它们，并复制了它们的一些参考文献。与原始模型的区别在于“最近”一词。我们使用分支过程理论的方法对模型进行了求解，发现它可以解释引文分布的上述特征，这是我们原来的模型无法解释的。该模型还可以解释“科学中的睡美人”，即，十年左右很少被引用的论文，后来“觉醒”，得到了很多引用。虽然可以理解从纯随机模型，我们发现，要获得一个很好的定量协议与经验引用数据，必须引入达尔文的健身参数的文件。
英文摘要：
Recently we proposed a model in which when a scientist writes a manuscript, he picks up several random papers, cites them and also copies a fraction of their references (cond-mat/0305150). The model was stimulated by our discovery that a majority of scientific citations are copied from the lists of references used in other papers (cond-mat/0212043). It accounted quantitatively for several properties of empirically observed distribution of citations. However, important features, such as power-law distribution of citations to papers published during the same year and the fact that the average rate of citing decreases with aging of a paper, were not accounted for by that model. Here we propose a modified model: when a scientist writes a manuscript, he picks up several random recent papers, cites them and also copies some of their references. The difference with the original model is the word recent. We solve the model using methods of the theory of branching processes, and find that it can explain the aforementioned features of citation distribution, which our original model couldn't account for. The model can also explain "sleeping beauties in science", i.e., papers that are little cited for a decade or so, and later "awake" and get a lot of citations. Although much can be understood from purely random models, we find that to obtain a good quantitative agreement with empirical citation data one must introduce Darwinian fitness parameter for the papers.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
