U. Titt, V. Dangendorf, B. Grosswendt, H. Schuhmacher
An imaging system for measuring the track structure of charged particles in a low-pressure gas is presented. We describe the experimental method and compare experimental results with first results of a simulation of the chamber response.
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In the upcoming LHC Run 3, starting in 2021, the upgraded Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of the ALICE experiment will record minimum bias Pb-Pb collisions in a continuous readout mode at an interaction rate up to 50 kHz. This corresponds to typically 4-5 overlapping collisions during the electron drift time in the detector. Despite careful tuning of the new quadruple GEM-based readout chambers, which fulfill the design requirement of an ion backflow below 1%, these conditions will lead to space-charge distortions of several centimeters that fluctuate in time. They will be corrected via a calibr…
Several new experimental concepts in high-energy particle physics have been proposed in recent years. The physical goals include precisely measuring the properties of particles such as Higgs, Z and W, and even looking for signs of new physics at future colliders. To meet the evolving requirements for particle track detector, Time Projection Chamber(TPC) detector prototype integrated with a UV laser track system was developed for the main track detector at Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC). This prototype consists of 6 horizontal laser tracks around TPC detector chamber, a fast electron…
A novel charged particle tracking device, a high precision time projection chamber with gas electron multiplier and pad readout, is a leading candidate as the central tracker for an experiment at the International Linear Collider. To characterize the performance of such a system, a small TPC has been operated within a magnetic field, measuring cosmic-ray and laser tracks. Good tracking resolution and two particle separation, sufficient for a large scale ILC central tracker, are achieved.
In LHC Run 3, ALICE will increase the data taking rate significantly to continuous readout of 50 kHz minimum bias Pb-Pb collisions. The reconstruction strategy of the online offline computing upgrade foresees a first synchronous online reconstruction stage during data taking enabling detector calibration, and a posterior calibrated asynchronous reconstruction stage. We present a tracking algorithm for the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), the main tracking detector of ALICE. The reconstruction must yield results comparable to current offline reconstruction and meet the time constraints like in th…
In LHC Run 3, ALICE will increase the data taking rate significantly to 50 kHz continuous read-out of minimum bias Pb-Pb collisions. The reconstruction strategy of the online-offline computing upgrade foresees a first synchronous online reconstruction stage during data taking enabling detector calibration and data compression, and a posterior calibrated asynchronous reconstruction stage. Many new challenges arise, among them continuous TPC read-out, more overlapping collisions, no a priori knowledge of the primary vertex and of location-dependent calibration in the synchronous phase, identific…
This paper describes a new method for optical readout of Time Projection Chambers (TPCs), based on the Linearly Graded Silicon Photomultiplier (LG-SiPM). This is a single photon-sensitive detector with excellent timing and 2D position resolution developed at Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento (FBK). The LG-SiPM produces time-varying voltage signals that are used to reconstruct the 3D position and energy of ionisation tracks generated inside the TPC. The TPC used in this work contained room-temperature CF$_4$ gas at a pressure of 100 mbar, with two THGEMs to produce secondary scintillation light.…
A large volume TPC is a leading candidate for the central tracking detector at a future high energy linear collider. To improve the resolution a new readout based on micro-pattern gas detectors is being developed. Measurements of the spatial resolution of cosmic-ray tracks in a GEM TPC are presented. We find that the resolution suffers if the readout pads are too wide with respect to the charge distribution at the readout plane due to insufficient charge sharing. For narrow pads of 2 x 6 mm**2 we measure a resolution of 100 micometer at short drift distances in the absence of an axial magnetic…
In microdosimetry, lineal energies y are calculated from energy depositions $ε$ inside the microdosimeter divided by the mean chord length, whose value is based on geometrical assumptions on both the detector and the radiation field. This work presents an innovative two-stages hybrid detector (HDM: hybrid detector for microdosimetry) composed by a Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC) and a silicon tracker made of 4 Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD). This design provides a direct measurement of energy deposition in tissue as well as particles tracking with a submillimeter spatial resolut…
The online event reconstruction for the ALICE experiment at CERN requires processing capabilities to process central Pb-Pb collisions at a rate of more than 200 Hz, corresponding to an input data rate of about 25 GB/s. The reconstruction of particle trajectories in the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is the most compute intensive step. The TPC online tracker implementation combines the principle of the cellular automaton and the Kalman filter. It has been accelerated by the usage of graphics cards (GPUs). A pipelined processing allows to perform the tracking on the GPU, the data transfer, and th…
In the HARP experiment the large-angle spectrometer is using a cylindrical TPC as main tracking and particle identification detector. The momentum scale of reconstructed tracks in the TPC is the most important systematic error for the majority of kinematic bins used for the HARP measurements of the double-differential production cross-section of charged pions in proton interactions on nuclear targets at large angle. The HARP TPC operated with a number of hardware shortfalls and operational mistakes. Thus it was important to control and characterize its momentum calibration. While it was not po…
This document contains the pre-design of the beam diagnostics components Tracking Detectors for the Super-FRS. A GEM-TPC detector has been suggested as suitable tracking detector for the ion/fragment beams produced at the in-flight separator Super-FRS under construction at the FAIR facility. The detector concept combines two widely used approaches in gas filled detectors, the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) and the Gas Electron Multiplication (GEM). Three detector generations (prototypes) have been tested in 2011, 2012 and 2014 with relativistic ion beams at GSI. Due to the high-resolution achro…
We report on the performance of a micro-TPC with a micro pixel chamber($μ$-PIC) readout for a time-resolved neutron position-sensitive detector(PSD). Three-dimensional tracks and the Bragg curves of protons with energies of around 1 MeV were clearly detected by the micro-TPC. More than 95% of gamma-rays of 511 keV were found to be discriminated by simple analysis. Simulation studies showed that the total track length of proton and triton emitted from the $\rm {}^{3}He$(n,p(573 keV))$\rm {}^{3}H(191 keV)$ reaction is about 1.2 cm, and that both particles have large energy losses ($\rm > 200 keV…
This paper presents the Forward Time Projection Chamber (FTPC) system of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS accelerator. This TPC system applies a novel tandem-TPC design to reduce the background originating from particle tracks not synchronous with the event trigger. The FTPC system is composed of three chambers with alternating drift field directions. The chambers were installed directly along the beamline region of the NA61/SHINE detector in a medium- to high-intensity (10-100 kHz) hadron or ion beam. The tandem TPC system has proved to be capable of rejecting out-of-time background …
Colossal two-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LAr TPCs) are a proposed option for future long-baseline neutrino experiments. This study illustrates the feasibility of using an EMCCD camera to capture light induced by single cosmic events in a two-phase LAr TPC employing a THGEM. An Andor iXon Ultra 897 EMCCD camera was externally mounted via a borosilicate glass viewport on the Liverpool two-phase LAr TPC. The camera successfully captured the secondary scintillation light produced at the THGEM holes that had been induced by cosmic events. The light collection capability of the came…
In LHC Run 3, ALICE will increase the data taking rate significantly, from an approximately 1 kHz trigger readout in minimum-bias Pb--Pb collisions to a 50 kHz continuous readout rate. The reconstruction strategy of the online-offline computing upgrade foresees a synchronous online reconstruction stage during data taking, which generates the detector calibration, and a posterior calibrated asynchronous reconstruction stage. The huge amount of data requires a significant compression in order to store all recorded events. The aim is a factor 20 compression of the TPC data, which is one of the ma…
The present $\mathrm{R}\&\mathrm{D}$ activities for the International Large Detector Time Projection Chamber (ILD-TPC) concern the adoption of the micro pattern devices for the gaseous amplification stage. Seven Micromegas modules which are commissioned on the end-plate of a Large Prototype TPC (LPTPC) at DESY, were tested with a 5 GeV electron beam, under a 1 T magnetic field. During experiments, reduced signal sensitivity as well as distortion in the reconstructed track was observed at the boundaries of these modules. Electrostatic field inhomogeneity near the module boundaries was considere…
In this paper we report on the evidence for ionization track signals from cosmic ray muons and Compton electrons in a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with liquid Argon and doped with different fractions of Nitrogen. This study has been conducted in view of the possible use of liquid Argon/Nitrogen TPCs for the detection of gamma rays in the resonant band of the Nitrogen absorbtion spectrum, a promising technology for security and medical applications.
Application of the VMM3a/SRS: A t0-less TWIN GEM-based TPC
本研究将VMM3a ASIC集成到RD51/SRS中构建自触发连续读出系统，结合Twin GEM TPC构型，实现了极低物质量预算、适配多能段粒子束的径迹探测方案。
A new technique for ion identification in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) has been proposed by measuring the ion track ranges using a low-pressure TPC. As a proof of principle, a low-pressure TPC with charge readout using a THGEM multiplier was developed. The tracks of alpha particles from various radioactive sources were successfully recorded in the TPC. The track ranges were measured with a high accuracy, reaching the 2% resolution level. Using these results and the SRIM code simulation, it is shown that the isobaric boron and beryllium ions can be effectively separated at ten sigma leve…
Low radioactive material screening is becoming essential for rare event search experiments, such as neutrinoless double beta decay and dark matter searches in underground laboratories. A gaseous time projection chamber (TPC) can be used for such purposes with large active areas and high efficiency. A gaseous TPC with a Micromegas readout plane of approximately 20$\times$20 cm$^2$ is successfully constructed for surface alpha contamination measurements. We have characterized the energy resolution, gain stability, and tracking capability with calibration sources. With the unique track-related ba…
The GEM-TPC detector will be part of the standard Super-FRS detection system, as tracker detectors at several focal stations along the separator and its three branches.
The use of GEM foils for the amplification stage of a TPC instead of a con- ventional MWPC allows one to bypass the necessity of gating, as the backdrift is suppressed thanks to the asymmetric field configuration. This way, a novel continuously running TPC, which represents one option for the PANDA central tracker, can be realized. A medium sized prototype with a diameter of 300 mm and a length of 600 mm will be tested inside the FOPI spectrometer at GSI using a carbon or lithium beam at intermediate energies (E = 1-3AGeV). This detector test under realistic experimental conditions should allo…
The International Large Detector (ILD) at the International Linear Collider (ILC) requires significantly improved subdetector systems to comply with the envisioned performance. Its central tracking detector is a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) which is equipped with Micropattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD) readout modules. The LCTPC collaboration was founded in 2007 to design such a MPGD-based TPC and to build and test demonstrator modules. For this an experimental setup at DESY, Hamburg, was built, where four different readout concepts have been studied in many successful test beam campaigns since …
We report the performance of a 10 atm Xenon/trimethylamine time projection chamber (TPC) for the detection of X-rays (30 keV) and gamma-rays (0.511-1.275 MeV) in conjunction with the accurate tracking of the associated electrons. When operated at such a high pressure and in 1%-admixtures, trimethylamine (TMA) endows Xenon with an extremely low electron diffusion (1.3 +-0.13 mm-sigma (longitudinal), 0.8 +-0.15 mm-sigma (transverse) along 1 m drift) besides forming a convenient Penning-Fluorescent mixture. The TPC, that houses 1.1 kg of gas in its active volume, operated continuously for 100 liv…
A large Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is the main device for tracking and charged-particle identification in the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. After the second long shutdown in 2019-2020, the LHC will deliver Pb beams colliding at an interaction rate of up to 50 kHz, which is about a factor of 50 above the present readout rate of the TPC. To fully exploit the LHC potential, the TPC readout chambers will be upgraded with Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology. To assure stable behaviour of the upgraded chambers in the harsh LHC environment, a dedicated R&D programme was launched in order …
Drift velocity and longitudinal diffusion measurements are reported for a Negative Ion TPC (NITPC) operating with Helium + carbon disulfide gas mixtures at total pressures from 160 to 700 torr. Longitudinal diffusion at the thermal-limit was observed for drift fields up to at least 700 V/cm in all gas mixtures tested. The results are of particular interest in connection with mechanical simplification of Dark Matter searches such as DRIFT, and for high energy physics experiments in which a low-Z, low density, gaseous tracking detector with no appreciable Lorentz drift is needed for operation in…
The ILD concept, one of two proposed detector concepts for the planned International Linear Collider (ILC), foresees a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) as the main tracking detector. The LCTPC (Linear Collider TPC) collaboration pursues R&D to develop such a TPC based on the best state-of-the-art technology. After tests with smaller prototypes, the current efforts focus on studies using a large prototype with a diameter of 770 mm and a length of 610 mm. This prototype can accommodate seven read-out modules of a size comparable to the ones that would be used in the final TPC. Several prototypes of…
In recent years Gas Electron Multipliers have proven to be reliable amplification stages at high beam rates, and can be used also in Time Projection Chambers. Our group developed a 1 dm$^3$ active volume double-GEM TPC, with spatial resolution of 50 $μm$ and 280 $μ$m. Custom designed FPGA data acquisition system enables rate capability for about 100 kHz$\cdot$mm$^{-2}$, providing excellent track-by-track position and angular information, better than 0.1 mm and 1 mrad respectively. The wide dynamic range of the system enables identification from $^{4}$He up to $^{86}$Kr using ionization measure…
A prototype detector is being developed which combines the functions of a Time Projection Chamber for charged particle tracking and a Cherenkov detector for particle identification. The TPC consists of a 10x10x10 cm3 drift volume where the charge is drifted to a 10x10 cm2 triple GEM detector. The charge is measured on a readout plane consisting of 2x10 mm2 chevron pads which provide a spatial resolution ~ 100 microns per point in the chevron direction along with dE/dx information. The Cherenkov portion of the detector consists of a second 10x10 cm2 triple GEM with a photosensitive CsI photocat…
ALICE is the dedicated heavy-ion experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Its main tracking and particle-identification detector is a large volume Time Projection Chamber (TPC). The TPC has been designed to perform well in the high-track density environment created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In this proceeding, we describe the track reconstruction procedure in ALICE. In particular, we focus on the two main challenges that were faced during the Run 2 data-taking period (2015--2018) of the LHC, which were the baseline fluctuations and the local space charge distortions in th…
Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) with charge readout via micro pattern gaseous detectors can provide detailed measurements of charge density distributions. We here report on measurements of alpha particle tracks, using a TPC where the drift charge is amplified with Gas Electron Multipliers and detected with a pixel ASIC. We find that by measuring the 3-D topology of drift charge and fitting for its transverse diffusion, we obtain the absolute position of tracks in the drift direction. For example, we obtain a precision of 1~cm for 1~cm-long alpha track segments. To our knowledge this is the fir…
A negative ion micro time projection chamber (NI$μ$TPC) was developed and its performance studied. An NI$μ$TPC is a novel technology that enables the measurement of absolute $z$ coordinates for self-triggering TPCs. This technology provides full-fiducialization analysis, which is not possible with conventional gaseous TPCs, and is useful for directional dark matter searches in terms of background rejection and the improvement of the angular resolution. The developed NI$μ$TPC prototype had a detection volume of 12.8 $\times$ 25.6 $\times$ 144 mm$^{3}$. The absolute $z$ coordinate was determined…
A Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is an ideal device for the detection of charged particle tracks in a large volume covering a solid angle of almost $4π$. The high density of hits on a given particle track facilitates the task of pattern recognition in a high-occupancy environment and in addition provides particle identification by measuring the specific energy loss for each track. For these reasons, TPCs with Multiwire Proportional Chamber (MWPC) amplification have been and are widely used in experiments recording heavy-ion collisions. A significant drawback, however, is the large dead time of …
The FAIR[1] facility is an international accelerator centre for research with ion and antiproton beams. It is being built at Darmstadt, Germany as an extension to the current GSI research institute. One major part of the facility will be the Super-FRS[2] separator, which will be include in phase one of the project construction. The NUSTAR experiments will benefit from the Super-FRS, which will deliver an unprecedented range of radioactive ion beams (RIB). These experiments will use beams of different energies and characteristics in three different branches; the high-energy which utilizes the R…
The DUNE Near Detector design consists of multiple components, each designed to produce complementary constraints on flux and neutrino interaction systematic uncertainties for the oscillation analyses. One of these subdetectors is a magnetized high-pressure gaseous-argon TPC (HPgTPC), which will provide fine-grained tracking in a low-density detector, using the same target nucleus as the DUNE far detector. With its low momentum threshold for particle detection, the HPgTPC will be able to constrain one of the most crucial - and least-well understood - uncertainties for the oscillation analysis:…
The FAIR facility is an international accelerator centre for research with ion and antiproton beams. It is being built at Darmstadt, Germany as an extension to the current GSI research institute. One major part of the facility will be the Super-FRS separator, which will be include in phase one of the project construction. The NUSTAR experiments will benefit from the Super-FRS, which will deliver an unprecedented range of radioactive ion beams (RIB). These experiments will use beams of different energies and characteristics in three different branches; the high-energy which utilizes the RIB at …
Development of a Multi-Purpose Optical TPC for Neutron-Induced Reaction Studies at SARAF
开发一种基于CF4闪烁气体混合物的光学时间投影室（OTPC），结合快速光电探测器和高速光学读出，实现带电粒子轨迹的3D重建，以解决天体物理相关能量下中子反应截面约束不足的问题。
We describe first results obtained with a track structure imaging system for measuring the ionisation topology of charged particles in a low-pressure gas. The detection method is based on a time projection chamber (TPC) filled with low-pressure triethylamine (TEA). Images of ionisation tracks of electrons, protons, and heavier ions are presented and analysed.
The Ultra-Low material budget GEM based TPC for tracking with VMM3a readout
本研究完成了TWIN构型超低物质量GEM-TPC的固化，采用VMM3a/SRS读出，在CERN SPS的H4束线用多种气体混合物测试其径迹性能，为PSI MIXE实验的低动量μ子探测提供支撑。
For the International Large Detector (ILD), foreseen to be built at the International Linear Collider (ILC), a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is intended to be used as the main tracking detector. The amplification will be provided by Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs). One option is the use of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) in combination with a segmented pad readout plane. The TPC group at DESY developed a modular system implementing a triple GEM stack mounted on thin ceramic grids. This material choice allows for high mechanical rigidity of the support structure at a reduced amount of ma…
Imaging $^{55}$Fe Electron Tracks in a GEM-based TPC Using a CCD Readout
本文首次利用光学读出TPC和GEM/THGEM放大器件，在低压CF$_4$气体中实现了5.9 keV电子径迹的成像与能谱测量，为暗物质探测和X射线偏振测量提供了重要工具。
A key feature for the success of the liquid Argon imaging TPC (LAr-TPC) technology is the industrial purification against electro-negative impurities, especially Oxygen and Nitrogen remnants, which have to be continuously kept at an exceptionally low level by filtering and recirculating liquid Argon. Improved purification techniques have been applied to a 120 liters LAr-TPC test facility in the INFN-LNL laboratory. Through-going muon tracks have been used to determine the free electron lifetime in liquid Argon against electro-negative impurities. The short path length here observed (30 cm) is …
A combination Time Projection Chamber-Cherenkov prototype detector has been developed as part of the Detector R&D Program for a future Electron Ion Collider. The prototype was tested at the Fermilab test beam facility to provide a proof of principle to demonstrate that the detector is able to measure particle tracks and provide particle identification information within a common detector volume. The TPC portion consists of a 10x10x10cm3 field cage, which delivers charge from tracks to a 10x10cm2 quadruple GEM readout. Tracks are reconstructed by interpolating the hit position of clusters on an…
SPY: A Magnet System for a High-pressure Gaseous TPC Neutrino Detector
本文提出SPY磁体系统概念设计，兼具提供径迹分析所需磁场和作为高压气体氩TPC压力容器的双重功能，服务于DUNE近探测器方案。
With the ultimate goal of developing a pixel-based readout for a TPC at the ILC, a GridPix readout system consisting of one Timepix3 chip with an integrated amplification grid was embedded in a prototype detector. The performance was studied in a testbeam with 2.5 GeV electrons at the ELSA accelerator in Bonn. The error on the track position measurement both in the drift direction and in the readout plane is dominated by diffusion. Systematic uncertainties are limited to below 10 $μ$m. The GridPix can detect single ionization electrons with high efficiency, which allows for energy loss measure…
We demonstrate that the application of an external magnetic field could lead to an improved background rejection in neutrinoless double-beta (0nbb) decay experiments using a high pressure xenon (HPXe) TPC. HPXe chambers are capable of imaging electron tracks, a feature that enhances the separation between signal events (the two electrons emitted in the 0nbb decay of 136Xe) and background events, arising chiefly from single electrons of kinetic energy compatible with the end-point of the 0nbb decay (Qbb ). Applying an external magnetic field of sufficiently high intensity (in the range of 0.5-1…
For the International Large Detector (ILD) at the planned International Linear Collider (ILC) a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is foreseen as the main tracking detector. To achieve the required point resolution, Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD) will be used in the amplification stage. A readout module using a stack of three Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) for gas amplification was developed at DESY. In a test campaign at the DESY II Test Beam Facility the performance of three of these modules was investigated. In this contribution results were presented on the particle identification capab…
The PandaX-III experiment uses a high pressure xenon gas TPC to search for the NLDBD of $^{136}$Xe. The Microbulk Micromegas will be used for charge amplification and readout in order to record both the energy and track of an event with high energy resolution and spatial resolution. In the first phase of the experiment, we are building a detector which contains 140 kg 90\% $^{136}$Xe enriched gas operated at 10 bar. The detector will be installed in a dry shielding system at CJPL-II. In this paper, we wil report the design of the PandaX-III detector, including the shielding of the experiment a…
Optical readout of large Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) with multiple Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) amplification stages has shown to provide very interesting performances for high energy particle tracking. Proposed applications for low-energy and rare event studies, such as Dark Matter search, ask for demanding performance in the keV energy range. The performance of such a readout was studied in details as a function of the electric field configuration and GEM gain by using a $^{55}$Fe source within a 7 litre sensitive volume detector developed as a part of the R\&D for the CYGNUS project.…
Novel method for in-situ drift velocity measurement in large volume TPCs: the Geometry Reference Chamber of the NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN
本文提出一种用于大型体积TPC原位漂移速度监测的新方法，通过低成本多丝正比室（GRC）匹配TPC重建径迹，无需精确对齐即可实现千分之一精度的漂移速度监测。
The ALICE High Level Trigger has to process data online, in order to select interesting (sub)events, or to compress data efficiently by modeling techniques.Focusing on the main data source, the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), we present two pattern recognition methods under investigation: a sequential approach "cluster finder" and "track follower") and an iterative approach ("track candidate finder" and "cluster deconvoluter"). We show, that the former is suited for pp and low multiplicity PbPb collisions, whereas the latter might be applicable for high multiplicity PbPb collisions, if it turns…
This paper presents a preliminary study into the use of CCDs to image secondary scintillation light generated by THick Gas Electron Multipliers (THGEMs) in a two phase LAr TPC. A Sony ICX285AL CCD chip was mounted above a double THGEM in the gas phase of a 40 litre two-phase LAr TPC with the majority of the camera electronics positioned externally via a feedthrough. An Am-241 source was mounted on a rotatable motion feedthrough allowing the positioning of the alpha source either inside or outside of the field cage. Developed for and incorporated into the TPC design was a novel high voltage fee…
New technique of ion identification in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry using low-pressure TPC with GEM readout
本文提出一种基于低压TPC与GEM读出的离子鉴别新技术，通过同时测量离子径迹长度和能量，可在AMS中有效分离10Be与10B等同量异位素，用于新生代地质定年。
Low-pressure gaseous TPCs are well suited detectors to correlate the directions of nuclear recoils to the galactic Dark Matter (DM) halo. Indeed, in addition to providing a measure of the energy deposition due to the elastic scattering of a DM particle on a nucleus in the target gas, they allow for the reconstruction of the track of the recoiling nucleus. In order to exclude the background events originating from radioactive decays on the surfaces of the detector materials within the drift volume, efforts are ongoing to precisely localize the track nuclear recoil in the drift volume along the …
The T2K near-detector, ND280, employs three large argon gas TPCs (Time Projection Chambers) for particle tracking and identification. The gas inside the TPCs can be used as an active target to study the neutrino interactions in great detail. The low density of the gas leads to very low track energy thresholds, allowing the reconstruction of very low momentum tracks, e.g. protons with kinetic energies down to $\mathcal{O}$(1 MeV). Since different nuclear interaction models vary considerably in their predictions of those low momentum track multiplicities, this makes neutrino interactions on gase…
The T2K experiment is designed to study neutrino oscillation properties by directing a high intensity neutrino beam produced at J-PARC in Tokai, Japan, towards the large Super-Kamiokande detector located 295 km away, in Kamioka, Japan. The experiment includes a sophisticated near detector complex, 280 m downstream of the neutrino production target in order to measure the properties of the neutrino beam and to better understand neutrino interactions at the energy scale below a few GeV. A key element of the near detectors is the ND280 tracker, consisting of two active scintillator-bar target sys…
Gaseous time projection chambers (TPCs) with high readout segmentation are capable of reconstructing detailed 3D ionization distributions of nuclear recoils resulting from elastic neutron scattering. Using a system of six compact TPCs with pixel ASIC readout, filled with a 70:30 mixture of He:CO$_2$ gas, we analyze the first directional measurements of beam-induced neutron backgrounds in the tunnel regions surrounding the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB $e^+e^-$ collider. With the use of 3D recoil tracking, we show that these TPCs are capable of maintaining nearly $100\%$ nuclear recoil pur…
We revisit the precision of the measurement of track parameters (position, angle) with optimal methods in the presence of detector resolution, multiple scattering and zero magnetic field. We then obtain an optimal estimator of the track momentum by a Bayesian analysis of the filtering innovations of a series of Kalman filters applied to the track. This work could pave the way to the development of autonomous high-performance gas time-projection chambers (TPC) or silicon wafer gamma-ray space telescopes and be a powerful guide in the optimisation of the design of the multi-kilo-ton liquid argon…
A hybrid readout Time Projection Chamber (TPC) has a simultaneous optical- and charge readout. The optical readout provides 2D images of particle tracks in the active volume, whilst the charge readout provides additional information on the particle position perpendicular to the image plane. A hybrid readout TPC working at high pressure is an attractive device for physics cases where an excellent space point resolution and a high target density is required as e.g. measuring a neutrino beam at the source of a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. In this paper we present two different l…
Ton-scale Xenon Gas TPC for $0νββ$ Search at Atmospheric Pressure
本文提出一种常温常压运行的吨级氙气时间投影室，利用事件拓扑高效抑制γ本底，实现约10^27年灵敏度的无中微子双β衰变搜索。
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