G. W. Webb
The standard zone plate assumes that the shortest ray connecting a radiation source and a detection point has a phase of 0 deg thereby defining a reference phase. Here we examine the experimental consequences of varying this reference phase from 0 deg to 360 deg. It is concluded that reference phase is an intrinsic and useful property of zone plates.
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The new type of multilevel Fresnel zone plate, consisting of stacked layers with bi-level zone profile has been investigated. The conditions of layers acting as single multilevel Fresnel zone plate have been discussed by numerical simulation. The criteria for layers alignment have been presented. Considered approach of zone plate fabrication allows achieving high level focusing efficiency from one side and decreasing zone profile etching deep from the other.
Fresnel lens has a long history in optics. This concept at non-optical wavelengths is also applicable. In this paper we report design and fabrication of a half and quarter wave dielectric Fresnel lens made of Plexiglas, and a Fresnel reflector at 11.1 GHz frequency. We made two lenses and one reflector at same frequency and compare their gain and radiation pattern to simulated results. Some methods for better focusing action will be introduced.
Strict requirements were imposed on the sizes of testing sample in the previously suggested scheme of hard X-ray Fourier-transform holography based on a two-block Fresnel zone plate interferometer with common optical axis. The failure of these requirements leads to appearance of noise in the reconstructed image. In this work, the mechanism of noise formation, as well as possibility of its suppression are considered.
Extraordinary optical transmission and good focusing properties of a two-dimensional scattering structure is presented. The structure is made of Fresnel zone plates periodically arranged along two orthogonal directions. Each plate consists of two ring-shaped waveguides supporting modes that match the symmetry of a circularly polarized incident plane wave. High field concentration at the focal plane is obtained with short transverse and long longitudinal foci diameters. Optical vortex excitation in a paraxial region of the transmitted field is also observed and analysed in terms of cross-polari…
We optically assess Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) that are designed to guide cold atoms. Imaging of various ring patterns produced by the FZPs gives an average RMS error in the brightest part of the ring of 3% with respect to trap depth. This residue will be due to the imaging system, incident beam shape and FZP manufacturing tolerances. Axial propagation of the potentials is presented experimentally and through numerical simulations, illustrating prospects for atom guiding without requiring light sheets.
In the last two decades, Fresnel diffraction (FD) of a plane wave from phase steps has been systematically studied and applied for precise measurements of light wavelength, and height and refractive index of the step. In this study we formulate FD of cylindrical and spherical wavefronts from a transparent step in transmission mode. It is shown that, the intensity distribution is a periodic function along the lines parallel to the plate edge. The phase distribution in this direction is a linearly varying function of the position squared, with a slope depends on the light wavelength, the plate t…
The structural complexity and instability of many interference phase microscopy methods are the major obstacles toward high-precision phase measurement. In this vein, improving more efficient configurations as well as proposing new methods are the subjects of growing interest. Here we introduce Fresnel diffraction from a phase step to the realm of quantitative phase imaging. By employing Fresnel diffraction of a divergent (or convergent) beam of light from a plane-parallel phase plate, we provide a viable, simple and compact platform for three-dimensional imaging of micron-sized specimens. The…
Fresnel Zone Plates (FZP) are to date very successful focusing optics for X-rays. Established methods of fabrication are rather complex and based on electron beam lithography (EBL). Here, we show that ion beam lithography (IBL) may advantageously simplify their preparation. A FZP operable from the extreme UV to the limit of the hard X-ray was prepared and tested from 450 eV to 1500 eV. The trapezoidal profile of the FZP favorably activates its 2nd order focus. The FZP with an outermost zone width of 100 nm allows the visualization of features down to 61, 31 and 21 nm in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd or…
Fresnel zone plates are diffractive elements that are essential to form images in many scientific and technological areas, especially where refractive optics is not available. One of the main shortcomings of Fresnel zone plates, which limit their utility with broadband sources, is their high chromatic aberration. Recently presented, Fractal Zone Plates (FZPs) are diffractive lenses characterized by an extended focal depth with a fractal structure. This behaviour predicts an improved performance of FZPs as image forming devices with an extended depth of field and a reduced chromatic aberration.…
Contrary to widespread belief, the Fresnel zone plate outperforms the metalens at high NA
通过严格模拟和实验，证明菲涅尔波带片在高数值孔径下聚焦效率优于超透镜，并指出闪耀结构优于二元超构结构，强调需直接比较两者性能。
To generate hollow chain-like beams the diffraction of the first order Bessel beam by zone plate with two odd open Fresnel zone has been investigated. It has been shown that the capsules size is influenced by the number of the second odd open Fresnel zone and by the zone plate focal length. A hollow chain-like beam has been experimentally generated as a result of the first order Bessel beam diffraction by zone plate with the first and the ninth open Fresnel zones. The orbital angular momentum presence has been proved experimentally. The main features of the beam have been investigated. Suffici…
Wireless power transfer (WPT) has been an active topic of research, with a number of WPT schemes implemented in the near-field (coupling) and far-field (radiation) regimes. Here, we consider a beamed WPT scheme based on a dynamically reconfigurable source aperture transferring power to receiving devices within the Fresnel (near-zone) region. In this context, the dynamic aperture resembles a reconfigurable lens capable of focusing power to a well-defined spot, whose dimension can be related to a point spread function (PSF). Near-zone focusing can be achieved by generating different amplitude or…
The possibility to detect cosmic strings -- topological defects of early Universe, by means of wave effects in gravitational lensing is discussed. To find the optimal observation conditions, we define the hyperbolic-shaped Fresnel observation zones associated with the diffraction maxima and analyse the frequency patterns of wave amplification corresponding to different alignments. In particular, we show that diffraction of gravitational waves by the string may lead to significant amplification at cosmological distances. The wave properties we found are quite different from what one would expec…
We propose and demonstrate a single channel interferometer that can be used to study how vortex beams propagate. The interferometer consists of a multifunctional diffractive optical element (MDOE) synthesized by the spatial random multiplexing of a Fresnel zone plate and a spiral Fresnel zone plate with different focal lengths. The MDOE generates two co-propagating beams, such that only the beam carrying orbital angular momentum is modulated by an annular stack of thin scatterers located at the focal plane of the Fresnel zone plate, while the other beam passes through the centre of the annulus…
Fresnel zone plates for reconfigurable atomic waveguides
提出一种结合菲涅耳波带片与空间光调制器优势的新型波带片，可生成大面积环形光场，用于超冷原子萨格纳克干涉测量。
Laboratory X-ray Microscopy Using Fresnel Zone Plate: Method and Practice
本书分享基于菲涅耳波带片的X射线显微镜从零开发的经验，提供实用指南，旨在帮助读者构建自己的此类显微镜。
The images of the silicon test object has been carried out. An image for in-line hard X-ray hologram is presented. The transmission of a hologram image for hard X-ray radiation using Fresnel phase zone plate has been investigated.
Three dimensional laser beam steering has been demonstrated using a single optical device -a DMD micro-mirror array. Laser beam focus position is controlled using dynamically adjustable zone plates. These zone plates take the form of elliptical Fresnel zone plates or other variations such as binary Gabor zone plates. Active beam control can be realised without the need for a pair of galvanometer mirrors and a focusing lens. Writing multiple zone plate patterns to the DMD enables multiple focussed spots to be generated and controlled independently
Scalability in Simulating a Large-Aperture, Fresnel Zone Plate Lens for a Conceptual Space Telescope
针对大孔径菲涅耳波带片透镜模拟的内存与精度问题，开发优化的条纹处理CZT框架，实现米级孔径下的高精度低内存仿真，助力空间望远镜任务开发与硬件制造。
We propose a family of zone plates which are produced by the generalized Fibonacci sequences and their axial focusing properties are analyzed in detail. Compared with traditional Fresnel zone plates, the generalized Fibonacci zone plates present two axial foci with equal intensity. Besides, we propose an approach to adjust the axial locations of the two foci by means of different optical path difference, and further give the deterministic ratio of the two focal distances which attributes to their own generalized Fibonacci sequences. The generalized Fibonacci zone plates may allow for new appli…
Theory predicts that a plane wave scattered by a thin slab of gas yields, in the forward direction and under specific circumstances, a larger irradiance than would be observed in the absence of the gas. This enhanced Rayleigh scattering depends on the size of the Fresnel zones at the slab location, as seen from the observer's position, and results from the coherence of the scattering. On astronomical scales the exceptional size of Fresnel zones (~1500km) has particular relevance when considering forward-scattered starlight by an interstellar cloud of atomic hydrogen.
The construction of fractal generalized zone plates (FraGZPs) from a set of periodic diffractive optical elements with circular symmetry is proposed. This allows us to increase the number of foci of a conventional fractal zone plate (FraZP), keeping the self-similarity property within the axial irradiance. The focusing properties of these fractal diffractive optical elements for points not only along but also in the close vicinity of the optical axis are investigated. In both cases analytical expressions for the irradiance are derived. Numerical simulations of the energetic efficiency of FraGZ…
Ultrathin optical limiters are needed to protect light sensitive components in miniaturized optical systems. However, it has proven challenging to achieve a sufficiently low optical limiting threshold. In this work, we theoretically show that an ultrathin optical limiter with low threshold intensity can be realized using a nonlinear zone plate. The zone plate is embedded with nonlinear saturable absorbing materials that allow the device to focus low intensity light, while high intensity light is transmitted as a plane wave without a focal spot. Based on this proposed mechanism, we use the fini…
Design and optimization of zone plates for flying focus applications
本文提出一种基于调制区板的飞行焦点方案，通过正弦随机分布调制区板宽度，有效抑制高阶焦点并实现高功率激光应用的新可能。
Coherent all-optical tuning of large-area phase-gradient metasurface
本研究提出一种可扩展方法，实现大区域相位梯度超材料的全光学相干调控，用于连续波束转向和多种动态聚焦元件的开发。
Diffractive zone plate optics uses a thin micro-structure pattern to alter the propagation direction of the incoming light wave. It has found important applications in extreme-wavelength imaging where conventional refractive lenses do not exist. The resolution limit of zone plate optics is determined by the smallest width of the outermost zone. In order to improve the achievable resolution, significant efforts have been devoted to the fabrication of very small zone width with ultrahigh placement accuracy. Here, we report the use of a diffractometer setup for bypassing the resolution limit of z…
A brief, tutorial account is given of the differences between the near and far regions of the elec-tromagnetic field emphasizing the source-dependent behavior of the former and the universal properties of the latter. Field patterns of near-field plates, that is, metasurfaces used for sub-wavelength applications, are discussed in some detail. Examples are given of fields that decay away from the plates in an exponential manner, a ubiquitous feature of many interface problems, and metasurfaces for which the decay is not exponential, but algebraic. It is also shown that a properly designed system…
We present a new family of diffractive lenses whose structure is based on the combination of two concepts: photon sieve and fractal zone plates with variable lacunarity. The focusing properties of different members of this family are examined. It is shown that the sieves provide a smoothing effect on the higher order foci of a conventional lacunar fractal zone plate. However, the characteristic self-similar axial response of the fractal zone plates is always preserved.
We presents the results of study of focusing and imaging properties of double-lens system for hard x-ray radiation consisting of two Fresnel zone plates (ZP) made from silicon. We demonstrate for the first time the phenomenon of focusing by two crystal ZP located at significant distance from each other. We investigate by both theoretically and experimentally the peculiarities of intensity distribution at the focal plane during a scan by second ZP normally to the optical axis of the system. We investigate as well the intensity distribution along the optical axis for our double-lens system from …
Generation of Deep Ultraviolet Optical Vortices via Amplitude and Phase Spiral Zone Plates
本研究通过振幅和相位螺旋区板在深紫外波段生成拓扑电荷为1的光学涡流，为相对论电子束研究提供了新方法。
In the visible spectrum vortex beams have found various applications, ranging from optical tweezers to super-resolution imaging. Recently, these beams have been demonstrated using X-rays and electron beams. However, so far, no in-depth discussion has been carried out on the vortex quality, which could become essential for a variety of vortex applications. Here, we investigate the mode conversion efficiency (MCE), vortex structure and stability (in terms of vortex splitting) of the vortex fields generated by spiral zone plates (SZP). We have designed and fabricated SZPs with varying topological…
Fibonacci or bifocal terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated experimentally employing silicon diffractive zone plate (SDZP) in a continuous wave mode. Images simultaneously recorded in two different planes are exhibited at 0.6 THz frequency with the spatial resolution of wavelength. Multi-focus imaging operation of the Fibonacci lens is compared with a performance of the conventional silicon phase zone plate. Spatial profiles and focal depth features are discussed varying the frequency from 0.3 THz to 0.6 THz. Good agreement between experimental results and simulation data is revealed.
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