发表机构
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science and Technology and Research (A*STAR)（韩国科学技术院; 材料研究与工程研究所，科学与技术研究局）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对大孔径菲涅耳波带片透镜模拟的内存与精度问题，开发优化的条纹处理CZT框架，实现米级孔径下的高精度低内存仿真，助力空间望远镜任务开发与硬件制造。
AI 中文摘要
随着超轻量平面衍射光学元件（DOE）等雄心勃勃的空间望远镜概念出现，验证其性能仍是一项重大计算挑战。传统傅里叶传播算法因刚性网格采样要求导致严重内存限制，在米级孔径下失效；而用于反射望远镜的缩比代理模型无法应用，因为缩放会压缩决定分辨率的最外带区。我们以常见菲涅耳衍射积分为基准，对5种基于傅里叶的传播器进行了测试，发现只有那些将焦平面网格与输入孔径解耦的传播器能在1%误差阈值内收敛。基于这些发现，我们实现了优化的条纹处理Chirp Z-Transform（CZT）框架，仅在固定感兴趣区域内评估焦斑以降低峰值内存使用。将该框架应用于f/#=5、孔径从1.0米到5.0米的5种全孔径构型，其预测的空间分辨率和衍射效率与解析参考值的误差分别在0.001%和0.16%以内，调制传递函数结果通过两种解析提取方法交叉验证，在单个消费级GPU上的内存均不超过6.4 GB。这项模拟研究是量化雄心勃勃的空间望远镜概念预期结果的第一步，有助于任务开发（或选择）阶段；借助高精度、内存高效的验证工具，所得发现将用于指导未来硬件制造决策、光学测试及大型衍射望远镜的物理部署机构。
英文摘要
As ambitious space telescope concepts such as ultra-lightweight planar diffractive optical elements (DOEs) emerge, validating the performance remains a major computational challenge. Conventional Fourier propagation algorithms were observed to fail at meter-class apertures due to severe memory limits caused by rigid grid-sampling requirements, and the scaled-down proxy models used for reflector telescopes cannot be applied, since scaling compresses the outermost zones that govern resolution. We benchmarked five Fourier-based propagators against a common Fresnel diffraction integral and found that only those decoupling the focal-plane grid from the input aperture converge within a 1% error threshold. With these findings, we implemented an optimized, stripe-processed Chirp Z-Transform (CZT) framework, evaluating the focal spot strictly within a fixed region of interest to reduce peak memory usage. Applied to five full-aperture configurations from 1.0 m to 5.0 m at f/# = 5, the framework predicted spatial resolution and diffraction efficiency to within 0.001% and 0.16% of analytical references, with modulation transfer function results cross-checked by two analytical extraction methods, all within 6.4 GB of memory on a single consumer-grade GPU. This simulation study represents first steps toward quantifying the expected results of ambitious space telescope concepts and aids the mission development (or selection) phase. With a highly accurate, memory-efficient validation tool, the findings obtained will be used to guide the fabrication decisions of future hardware, optical testing, and physical deployment mechanisms of large-scale diffractive telescopes.
