Huagang Yan, Zhixiang Liu
The uncertainty relationship in MRI is shown. The result of uncertainty relationship is compared with other factors influencing the resolution of MRI. Our estimations show that the uncertainty relationship is of no significance in practice.
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Lung Imaging with UTE MRI
本文系统介绍 UTE MRI 肺部成像的脉冲序列、运动管理、图像重建与对比机制，以克服传统肺部 MRI 的挑战并实现无辐射的多对比肺评估。
The integration of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been an ongoing research topic for the last 20 years. This paper gives an overview of the different developments and the technical problems associated with combining PET and MRI in one system. After explaining the different detector concepts for integrating PET-MRI and minimising interference the limitations and advantages of different solutions for the detector and system are described for preclinical and clinical imaging systems. The different integrated PET-MRI systems are described in detail. Bes…
GRASP MRI: A Decade of Innovation from Bench to Bedside
本文综述了GRASP MRI在过去十年中的技术演进和临床转化，重点介绍了其连续径向采集、灵活回顾性重建和运动鲁棒成像的概念优势。
The human lung and its functions are extremely sensitive to orientation and posture, and debate continues as to the role of gravity and the surrounding anatomy in determining lung function and heterogeneity of perfusion and ventilation. However, study of these effects is difficult. The conventional high-field magnets used for most hyperpolarized 3He MRI of the human lung, and most other common radiological imaging modalities including PET and CT, restrict subjects to lying horizontally, minimizing most gravitational effects. In this paper, we briefly review the motivation for posture-dependent…
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers superior soft tissue contrast and is widely used in biomedicine. However, conventional MRI is not quantitative, which presents a bottleneck in image analysis and digital healthcare. Typically, additional scans are required to disentangle the effect of multiple parameters of MR and extract quantitative tissue properties. Here we investigate a data-driven strategy Q^2 MRI (Qualitative and Quantitative MRI) to derive quantitative parametric maps from standard MR images without additional data acquisition. By taking advantage of the interdependency between v…
The purpose of this study was to develop a method for tissue elasticity imaging using tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). First, we developed a cyclic pressure device that used air to remotely transmit the power to generate cyclic deformation in an object. The pressure induced by the cyclic pressure device was measured by MRI-compatible force sensors. Second, we developed a software to calculate Young's modulus from tagged MRI data using the harmonic phase (HARP) method and the finite element method (FEM). We also developed a software to extract tag-cross points from tagged MRI data. Fina…
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the cornerstone technique for diagnostic medicine, biology, and neuroscience. This imaging method is highly innovative, noninvasive and its impact continues to grow. It can be used for measuring changes in the brain after enhanced neural activity, detecting early cancerous cells in tissue, as well as for imaging nanoscale biological structures, and controlling fluid dynamics, and it can be beneficial for cardiovascular imaging. The MRI performance is characterized by a signal-to-noise ratio, however the spatial resolution and image contrast depend strongly o…
Fast MRI Reconstruction Using Deep Learning-based Compressed Sensing: A Systematic Review
本文综述了基于深度学习的压缩感知MRI重建技术，探讨了其在提升成像速度和图像质量方面的应用与未来发展。
Optical pumping of He-3 produces large (hyper) nuclear-spin polarizations independent of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) field strength. This allows lung MRI to be performed at reduced fields with many associated benefits, such as lower tissue susceptibility gradients and decreased power absorption rates. Here we present results of 2D imaging as well as accurate 1D gas diffusion mapping of the human lung using He-3 at very low field (3 mT). Furthermore, measurements of transverse relaxation in zero applied gradient are shown to accurately track pulmonary oxygen partial pressure, opening t…
Advancing low-field MRI with a universal denoising imaging transformer: Towards fast and high-quality imaging
本文提出复值成像Transformer模型ImT-MRD，在海量临床MRI数据上训练，实现低场MRI的通用去噪，以更少重复扫描获得更高质量图像，加速扫描并支持后续研究。
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extensively used for diagnosis and image-guided therapeutics. Due to hardware, physical and physiological limitations, acquisition of high-resolution MRI data takes long scan time at high system cost, and could be limited to low spatial coverage and also subject to motion artifacts. Super-resolution MRI can be achieved with deep learning, which is a promising approach and has a great potential for preclinical and clinical imaging. Compared with polynomial interpolation or sparse-coding algorithms, deep learning extracts prior knowledge from big data and prod…
A Voxel-Wise Uncertainty-Guided Framework for Glioma Segmentation Using Spherical Projection-Based U-Net and Localized Refinement in Multi-Parametric MRI
本文提出一种不确定性引导的混合分割框架，结合球面投影二维U-Net与局部三维细化，并通过粒子群优化加权融合，在BraTS2020多参数MRI胶质瘤分割中取得优于二维和三维基线的Dice分数。
Diffusion Tensor MRI and Spherical-Deconvolution-Based Tractography on an Ultra-Low Field Portable MRI System
本研究在0.064 T超低场便携式MRI上验证了扩散张量成像与球面反卷积纤维束追踪的可行性，证明其白质标量图与纤维取向分布函数和高场结果高度一致，为资源受限场景下的脑微结构成像提供了新途径。
Data from a multi-parametric MRI study of patients with possible early-stage prostate cancer was assessed with a view to creating an efficient clinical protocol. Based on a correlation analysis suggesting that diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) scores are more strongly correlated with overall PIRADS scores than other modalities such as dynamic contrast enhanced imaging or spectroscopy, we investigate the combination of T2-weighted imaging (T2w) and DWI as a potential diagnostic tool for prostate cancer detection, staging and guided biopsies. Quantification of the noise floor in the DWI images an…
Currently, the deep neural network is the mainstream for machine learning, and being actively developed for biomedical imaging applications with an increasing emphasis on tomographic reconstruction for MRI, CT, and other imaging modalities. Multiple deep-learning-based approaches were applied to MRI image reconstruction from k-space samples to final images. Each of these studies assumes a given pulse sequence that produces incomplete and/or inconsistent data in the Fourier space, and targets a trained neural network that recovers an underlying image as close as possible to the ground truth. Fo…
In this work a mu=-1 metamaterial (MM) lens for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is demonstrated. MRI uses surface coils to detect the radiofrequency(RF) energy absorbed and emitted by the nuclear spins in the imaged object. The proposed MM lens manipulates the RF field detected by these surface coils, so that the coil sensitivity and spatial localization is substantially improved. Beyond this specific application, we feel that the reported results are the experimental confirmation of a new concept for the manipulation of RF field in MRI, which paves the way to many other interesting applicati…
Design and Construction of a Dedicated Radiolucent 8-element Flexible Radiofrequency (RF) Torso Coil for the 1.0T Australian MRI-Linac System
本文设计了一种专用的8元素柔性射频躯体线圈，用于提高1.0T MRI-Linac系统的成像信噪比和实时肿瘤追踪能力。
Molecular MRI-Based Monitoring of Cancer Immunotherapy Treatment Response
本文综述了基于分子MRI监测癌症免疫治疗反应的最新进展，涵盖其物理与生物学基础、临床前及临床结果分析，并探讨了AI在提炼和解释分子MRI信息中的未来应用前景。
This work introduces a compartment-based model for apparent soma and neurite density imaging (SANDI) using non-invasive diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI). The existing conjecture in brain microstructure imaging trough DW-MRI presents water diffusion in white (WM) and grey (GM) matter as restricted diffusion in neurites, modelled by infinite cylinders of null radius embedded in the hindered extra-neurite water. The extra-neurite pool in WM corresponds to water in the extra-axonal space, but in GM it combines water in the extra-cellular space with water in soma. While several studies showed that t…
One of the challenges in functional brain imaging is integration of complementary imaging modalities, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). MEG, which uses highly sensitive superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) to directly measure magnetic fields of neuronal currents, cannot be combined with conventional high-field MRI in a single instrument. Indirect matching of MEG and MRI data leads to significant co-registration errors. A recently proposed imaging method - SQUID-based microtesla MRI - can be naturally combined with MEG in the…
Investigation of Inward-Outward Ring Permanent Magnet Array for Portable Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
本文系统研究内向-外向环形永磁体阵列的场特性与变体，并与Halbach阵列对比，证明其能提供高均匀纵向磁场，适用于便携式MRI以提升图像质量并缩短扫描时间。
Multi-modality imaging hardware can be integrated in a single gantry to collect diverse datasets for complementary information and spatiotemporal correlation, with excellent examples including PET-CT and PET-MRI. However, there is no CT-MRI prototype up to today due to technical challenges and associated cost-benefit considerations. Thanks to the rapid development of medical imaging, it becomes feasible now to integrate cost-effective CT and MRI imagers together for portability, popularity, and point of care. In this paper, we present the top-level design of the first portable CT-MRI system an…
A high-Q metasurface signal isolator for 1.5T surface coil magnetic resonance imaging on the go
本文提出一种基于拓扑LC回路和连续域束缚态的高Q值超表面去耦隔离器，通过极化转换消除线圈耦合，在1.5T MRI中实现63.8 MHz下磁场增强五倍，推动便携式表面线圈MRI发展。
Ultra-low field 13C MRI of hyperpolarized pyruvate
利用超极化技术与低场MRI结合，实现丙酮酸的代谢成像，展示超低场下超极化13C MRI在个性化医疗中的应用潜力。
Neurosurgery targets in the thalamus can be challenging to identify during transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thermal ablation due to poor image quality. They also neighbor structures that can result in side effects if damaged. Here we demonstrate that the phase data obtained during MRgFUS for MR temperature imaging (MRTI) contains anatomic information that could be useful in guiding this procedure. This approach was evaluated in 68 thalamotomies for essential tremor (ET). We found that we could readily visualize the red nucleus and subthalamic nucleus, and those nuclei were c…
Parallel imaging techniques have been widely used in high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multiple receiver coils have been shown to improve image quality and allow accelerated image acquisition. Magnetic resonance imaging at ultra-low fields (ULF MRI) is a new imaging approach that uses SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) sensors to measure the spatially encoded precession of pre-polarized nuclear spin populations at microtesla-range measurement fields. In this work, parallel imaging at microtesla fields is systematically studied for the first time. A seven-channel SQU…
Combining the unmatched soft-tissue imaging capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high precision robotics has the potential to improve the accuracy, precision, and safety of a wide range of image-guided medical procedures. However, the goal of highly functional MRI-compatible robotic systems has not yet been realized because conventional electromagnetic servomotors used by medical robots can become dangerous projectiles near the strong magnetic field of an MRI scanner. Here we report a novel electromagnetic servomotor design that is constructed from non-magnetic components and …
We demonstrate an experimental method for direct 2D and 3D imaging of magnetic radio-frequency (rf) field distribution in metal-dielectric structures based on traveling wave (TW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ultra-high field (> 7T). The typical apparatus would include an ultra-high field whole body or small bore MRI scanner, waveguide elements filled with MRI active dielectrics with predefined electric and magnetic properties, and TW rf transmit-receive probes. We validated the technique by obtaining TW magnetic-resonance (MR) images of the magnetic field distribution of the rf modes of…
Magnetic resonance imaging at ultra-low fields (ULF MRI) is a promising new imaging method that uses SQUID sensors to measure the spatially encoded precession of pre-polarized nuclear spin populations at a microtesla-range measurement field. In this work, a seven-channel SQUID system designed for simultaneous 3D ULF MRI and magnetoencephalography (MEG) is described. The system includes seven second-order SQUID gradiometers, characterized by magnetic field resolutions of 1.2 - 2.8 fT/rtHz. It is also equipped with five sets of coils for 3D Fourier imaging with pre-polarization. Essential techni…
Direct imaging of impressed dc currents inside the head can provide valuable conductivity information, possibly improving electro-magnetic neuroimaging. Ultra-low field magnetic resonance imaging (ULF MRI) at $μ$T Larmor fields can be utilized for current density imaging (CDI). Here, a measurable impact of the magnetic field $B_{J}$, generated by the impressed current density $J$, on the MR signal is probed using specialized sequences. In contrast to high-field MRI, the full tensor of $B_{J}$ can be derived without rotation of the subject in the scanner, due to a larger flexibility in the sequ…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most flexible and powerful medical imaging modalities. This flexibility does however come at a cost; MRI images acquired at different sites and with different parameters exhibit significant differences in contrast and tissue appearance, resulting in downstream issues when quantifying brain anatomy or the presence of pathology. In this work, we propose to combine multiparametric MRI-based static-equation sequence simulations with segmentation convolutional neural networks (CNN), to make these networks robust to variations in acquisition parameters.…
Numerical Uncertainty of Convolutional Neural Networks Inference for Structural Brain MRI Analysis
本文通过随机舍入技术量化CNN在脑MRI配准与分割中的数值不确定性，并与FreeSurfer传统流程对比，证明CNN数值精度更高、跨环境可重复性更好。
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used biomedical imaging modality that derives much of its contrast from microscale magnetic field gradients in biological tissues. However, the connection between these sub-voxel field patterns and MRI contrast has not been studied experimentally. Here, we describe a new method to map subcellular magnetic fields in mammalian cells and tissues using nitrogen vacancy diamond magnetometry and connect these maps to voxel-scale MRI contrast, providing insights for in vivo imaging and contrast agent design.
MultiModal Imaging is an innovative technique that consists in the combination of diagnostic exams based on different physical processes, to obtain a unique image with more detailed clinical information. The possibility of a simultaneous use of PET and MRI could be achieved by using a particular radioisotope: 52gMn. The main route to produce this isotope is the reaction 52Cr(p,n)52gMn which is theoretically investigated in this study by means of three nuclear reaction codes. An analysis of the cross sections and a computation of the production rates and time evolution of the produced radioisot…
The human lung and its functions are extremely sensitive to gravity, however the conventional high-field magnets used for most laser-polarized 3He MRI of the human lung restrict subjects to lying horizontally. Imaging of human lungs using inhaled laser-polarized 3He gas is demonstrated in an open-access very-low-magnetic-field (< 5 mT) MRI instrument. This prototype device employs a simple, low-cost electromagnet, with an open geometry that allows variation of the orientation of the imaging subject in a two-dimensional plane. As a demonstration, two-dimensional lung images were acquired with 4…
We present a design and the optimization of an irregular-shaped ring-pair magnet array that generates a 1D monotonic field pattern for 2D head imaging in a low-field portable MRI system. The magnet rings are discretized into fan-shaped ring segments with varying outer diameters for the design and optimization. Besides, the inner radii of ring-pairs are tapered from outside in to provide the controlled field inhomogeneity. Genetic algorithm (GA) was used, and a current model for a fan-shaped ring segment was derived to have a fast forward calculation in the optimization. A monotonic field patte…
Multi-shot echo planar imaging (msEPI) is a promising approach to achieve high in-plane resolution with high sampling efficiency and low T2* blurring. However, due to the geometric distortion, shot-to-shot phase variations and potential subject motion, msEPI continues to be a challenge in MRI. In this work, we introduce acquisition and reconstruction strategies for robust, high-quality msEPI without phase navigators. We propose Blip Up-Down Acquisition (BUDA) using interleaved blip-up and -down phase encoding, and incorporate B0 forward-modeling into Hankel structured low-rank model to enable …
Moving MRI: Imaging a moving body with a moving magnet
本研究提出移动MRI技术，通过移动受试者和磁共振仪来减少相对运动，实现大范围运动中的成像，为研究前庭功能等运动相关脑网络提供新方法。
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), inhomogeneity in the main magnetic field used for imaging, referred to as off-resonance, can lead to image artifacts ranging from mild to severe depending on the application. Off-resonance artifacts, such as signal loss, geometric distortions, and blurring, can compromise the clinical and scientific utility of MR images. In this review, we describe sources of off-resonance in MRI, how off-resonance affects images, and strategies to prevent and correct for off-resonance. Given recent advances and the great potential of low field and/or portable MRI, we also …
Multisession Longitudinal Dynamic MRI Incorporating Patient-Specific Prior Image Information Across Time
本文提出纵向动态MRI框架，利用患者既往先验图像和跨时段相关性，通过拼接多时段4D GRASP数据并进行低秩子空间重建，在保留个体差异的同时提升图像质量与扫描效率。
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a crucial medical imaging technology for the screening and diagnosis of frequently occurring cancers. However image quality may suffer by long acquisition times for MRIs due to patient motion, as well as result in great patient discomfort. Reducing MRI acquisition time can reduce patient discomfort and as a result reduces motion artifacts from the acquisition process. Compressive sensing strategies, when applied to MRI, have been demonstrated to be effective at decreasing acquisition times significantly by sparsely sampling the \emph{k}-space during the acqu…
Enhancing and Accelerating Brain MRI through Deep Learning Reconstruction Using Prior Subject-Specific Imaging
本研究针对脑部MRI采集时间长的问题，提出融合初始重建网络、深度配准模型与transformer增强网络的深度学习重建框架，在多加速因子下验证了重建质量与速度优势，且提升了下游脑分割任务性能，适用于临床实时场景。
Evaluating structural uncertainty in accelerated MRI: are voxelwise measures useful surrogates?
本研究证明在加速MRI中，体素级不确定性无法反映形态学不确定性，通过分割任务和重建模式集成发现，仅靠体素强度变化无法预测形态结构的变异性与偏差。
Quantitative multi-metabolite imaging of Parkinson's disease using AI boosted molecular MRI
本文提出利用AI增强的分子MRI技术，实现帕金森病中多种代谢物的定量成像，通过深度学习重建方法提高图像对比度和生物标志物识别能力。
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a valuable tool in the assessment of tissue microstructure. By fitting a model to the dMRI signal it is possible to derive various quantitative features. Several of the most popular dMRI signal models are expansions in an appropriately chosen basis, where the coefficients are determined using some variation of least-squares. However, such approaches lack any notion of uncertainty, which could be valuable in e.g. group analyses. In this work, we use a probabilistic interpretation of linear least-squares methods to recast popular dMRI models as Bayesian ones. This makes i…
FastMRI Prostate: A Publicly Available, Biparametric MRI Dataset to Advance Machine Learning for Prostate Cancer Imaging
本文介绍fastMRI数据集2023年4月新增的公开双参数前列腺MRI数据，含原始k空间、重建图像及癌灶分级标签，以推动前列腺癌成像的机器学习重建与评估研究。
An Exploration of Parallel Imaging System for Very-low Field (50mT) MRI Scanner
本文提出了一种针对非常低场MRI扫描仪的并行成像技术，通过改进的算法和线圈设计，实现了更高质量的图像重建和更高的信噪比。
The introduction of neuroendoscopy, microneurosurgery, neuronavigation, and intraoperative imaging for surgical operations has made significant improvements over other traditionally invasive surgical techniques. The integration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-driven surgical devices with intraoperative imaging and endoscopy can enable further advancements in surgical treatments and outcomes. This work proposes the design and development of an MRI-driven endoscope leveraging the high (3-7 T), external magnetic field of an MR scanner for heat-mitigated steering within the ventricular system …
Magnetic fields associated with currents flowing in tissue can be measured non-invasively by means of zero-field-encoded ultra-low-field magnetic resonance imaging (ULF MRI) enabling current density imaging (CDI) and possibly conductivity mapping of human head tissues. Since currents applied to a human are limited by safety regulations and only a small fraction of the current passes through the relatively high-resistive skull, a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may be difficult to obtain when using this method. In this work, we study the relationship between the image SNR and the SNR of …
Discovering a new field is not usually an easy process, especially when you choose magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is one of the few non-invasive medical procedures, if not the only one, that someone can receive in modern day hospitals. Its high sensitivity is a true prowess that is due to three things: subtle quantum physics, great engineering and clever imaging techniques from mathematics and computing science. However, the mathematics and physics of it are already daunting tasks by themselves, which makes MRI difficult to comprehend. This document paves a rather short, yet solid and l…
Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) poses unique challenges related to the speed of data acquisition and to the degree of undersampling necessary to achieve this speed. This Master's thesis introduces and evaluates two pre-processing approaches for these problems: Coil compression to reduce the data volume and a channel selection algorithm to reduce streak artifacts which arise as a consequence of undersampling. Both approaches are tested on real data covering anatomical imaging of the head and of the heart.
Magnetic resonance imaging at microtesla fields is a promising imaging method that combines the pre-polarization technique and broadband signal reception by SQUID sensors to enable in vivo MRI at microtesla-range magnetic fields. Despite significant advances, the potential of microtesla MRI for biomedical imaging is limited by its insufficient signal-to-noise ratio due to a relatively low sample polarization. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a widely used approach that allows polarization enhancement by two-four orders of magnitude without an increase in the polarizing field strength. In …
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a vital role in diagnosis, management and monitoring of many diseases. However, it is an inherently slow imaging technique. Over the last 20 years, parallel imaging, temporal encoding and compressed sensing have enabled substantial speed-ups in the acquisition of MRI data, by accurately recovering missing lines of k-space data. However, clinical uptake of vastly accelerated acquisitions has been limited, in particular in compressed sensing, due to the time-consuming nature of the reconstructions and unnatural looking images. Following the success of machi…
Dynamic Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a tissue perfusion imaging technique. Some versatile free-breathing DCE-MRI techniques combining compressed sensing (CS) and parallel imaging with golden-angle radial sampling have been developed to improve motion robustness with high spatial and temporal resolution. These methods have demonstrated good diagnostic performance in clinical setting, but the reconstruction quality will degrade at high acceleration rates and overall reconstruction time remains long. In this paper, we proposed a new parallel CS reconstruction model fo…
Over almost five decades of development and improvement, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become a rich and powerful, non-invasive technique in medical imaging, yet not reaching its physical limits. Technical and physiological restrictions constrain physically feasible developments. A common solution to improve imaging speed and resolution is to use higher field strengths, which also has subtle and potentially harmful implications. However, patient safety is to be considered utterly important at all stages of research and clinical routine. Here we show that dynamic metamaterials are a prom…
Energy harvesting coil for circularly polarized fields in magnetic resonance imaging
针对MRI腔内有线设备的缺陷，提出基于环形与蝶形线圈组合的圆极化场能量采集线圈，经1.5T扫描仪实验验证，其安全高效且不影响成像质量，采集电压较线极化方案翻倍。
The fiber g-ratio is the ratio of the inner to the outer diameter of the myelin sheath of a myelinated axon. It has a limited dynamic range in healthy white matter, as it is optimized for speed of signal conduction, cellular energetics, and spatial constraints. In vivo imaging of the g-ratio in health and disease would greatly increase our knowledge of the nervous system and our ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat disease. MRI based g-ratio imaging was first conceived in 2011, and expanded to be feasible in full brain with preliminary results in 2013. This manuscript reviews the growing g-…
MRI-MECH: Mechanics-informed MRI to estimate esophageal health
提出MRI-MECH框架，利用动态MRI和物理信息神经网络建模食管流动，计算流体动力学参数并评估食管机械健康，可处理数据缺失场景，提升诊断能力。
The spatial resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is fundamentally limited by the width of Lorentzian point spread functions (PSF) associated with the exponential decay rate of transverse magnetization (1/T2*). Here we show a different contrast mechanism in MRI by establishing RASER (Radio-frequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) in imaged media. RASER imaging bursts emerge out of noise and without applying (Radio Frequency) RF pulses when placing spins with sufficient population inversion in a weak magnetic field gradient. A small difference in initial population …
Imaging Intravoxel Vessel Size Distribution in the Brain Using Susceptibility Contrast Enhanced MRI
本文提出一种基于磁 susceptibility 对比度的 MRI 方法，用于分析脑内 voxel 内血管尺寸分布，以更全面评估血管重塑。
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