毛细胞自调谐临界振荡提供的听觉灵敏度
Auditory Sensitivity Provided by Self-tuned Critical Oscillations of Hair Cells
摘要：
我们介绍了自我调谐临界性的概念，作为一种通用的机制，在感觉系统中的信号检测。在听力的情况下，我们认为，微弱的声音的主动放大是由一个动力系统，这是保持在阈值的振荡不稳定。这个概念可以解释听觉系统的灵敏度和动态范围，以及它对不同频率的选择性反应能力。一个特定的模型的声音检测的内耳毛细胞进行了讨论。我们发现，收集的马达蛋白内的头发束可以产生振荡的频率取决于束的弹性特性。束几何形状的简单变化产生具有跨越可听范围的特征频率的毛细胞。张力门控转导通道主要用于检测毛束的运动，也通过接纳调节运动蛋白活性的离子来调节每个细胞。通过控制束的振荡倾向，该反馈自动地将系统保持在对正弦激励最敏感的操作状态。该模型解释了毛细胞如何检测比背景噪音携带更少能量的声音。
英文摘要：
We introduce the concept of self-tuned criticality as a general mechanism for signal detection in sensory systems. In the case of hearing, we argue that active amplification of faint sounds is provided by a dynamical system which is maintained at the threshold of an oscillatory instability. This concept can account for the exquisite sensitivity of the auditory system and its wide dynamic range, as well as its capacity to respond selectively to different frequencies. A specific model of sound detection by the hair cells of the inner ear is discussed. We show that a collection of motor proteins within a hair bundle can generate oscillations at a frequency which depends on the elastic properties of the bundle. Simple variation of bundle geometry gives rise to hair cells with characteristic frequencies which span the range of audibility. Tension-gated transduction channels, which primarily serve to detect the motion of a hair bundle, also tune each cell by admitting ions which regulate the motor protein activity. By controlling the bundle's propensity to oscillate, this feedback automatically maintains the system in the operating regime where it is most sensitive to sinusoidal stimuli. The model explains how hair cells can detect sounds which carry less energy than the background noise.
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