In this paper we prove two results concerning the classification of Siegel modular threefolds. Let A_{1,d}(n) be the moduli space of abelian surfaces with a (1,d)-polarization and a full level-n structure and let A_{1,d}^{lev}(n) be the space where one has fixed an additional canonical level structure. We prove that A_{1,d}(n) is of general type if (d,n)=1 and n ist at least 4. This is the best possible result which one can prove for all d simultaneously. Let p be an odd prime and assume that (p,n)=1. Then we prove that the Voronoi compactification of A_{1,p}^{lev}(n) is smooth and has ample canonical bundle if and only if n is greater than or equal to 5.
In this article, we construct a Hecke-equivariant Chow motive whose realizations equal intersection cohomology of Siegel threefolds with regular algebraic coefficients. As a consequence, we are able to define Grothendieck motives for Siegel modular forms.
The Satake compactification of the moduli space of principally polarized abelian surfaces with a level two structure has a degree 8 endomorphism. The aim of this paper is to show that this result can be extended to other modular threefolds. The main tools are Siegel modular forms and Satake compactifications of arithmetic quotients of the Siegel upper-half space. Indeed, the construction of the degree 8 endomorphism on suitable modular threefolds is done via an isomorphism of graded rings of modular forms. By studying the action of the Fricke involution one gets a further extension of the prev…
Let O be a maximal order in a totally indefinite quaternion algebra over a totally real number field. In this note we study the locus Q_O of quaternionic multiplication by O in the moduli space A_g of principally polarized abelian varieties of even dimension g with particular emphasis in the two-dimensional case. We describe Q_O as a union of Atkin-Lehner quotients of Shimura varieties and we compute the number of irreducible components of Q_O in terms of class numbers of CM-fields.
In the following we describe some examples of Calabi-Yau manifolds, which arise as desingularizations of certain Siegel threefolds. The first Siegel modular variety with a Calabi-Yau model and the essentially only one up to now has been discovered by Barth and Nieto.
In this paper we extend some results of Norman and Oort and of de Jong, and give an explicit description of the geometry of the Siegel modular threefold with paramodular level structure. We also discuss advantages and restrictions of three standard methods for studying moduli spaces of abelian varieties.
Let A be the moduli space of (1,p)-polarised abelian surfaces with a level structure, for p an odd prime. Let X be a desingularisation of any algebraic compactification of A. Then X is simply-connected.
In this article we prove several level lowering results for cuspidal automorphic representations occurring in the cohomology of the Siegel modular threefold with paramodular level structure by adapting a method of Ribet in his proof of the Serre's epsilon conjecture. The proof is purely geometric and relies on the description of the supersingular locus of certain quaternionic unitary Shimura variety and an arithmetic level raising result on this Shimura variety. The heart of the proof is a comparison of the dimension of the space of vanishing cycles on the paramodular Siegel modular threefold …
We extend Igusa's description of the relation between invariants of binary sextics and Siegel modular forms of degree two to a relation between covariants and vector-valued Siegel modular forms of degree two. We show how this relation can be used to effectively calculate the Fourier expansions of Siegel modular forms of degree two.
In the paper [FSM] we described some Siegel modular threefolds which admit a Calabi-Yau model. Using a different method we give in this paper an enlarged list of such varieties that admits a Calabi-Yau model in the following weak sense: there exists a desingularization in the category of complex spaces of the Satake compactification which admits a holomorphic three-form without zeros and whose first Betti number vanishes Basic for our method is the paper [GN] of van Geemen and Nygaard.
We prove that there exist exactly eight Siegel modular forms with respect to the congruence subgroups of Hecke type of the paramodular groups of genus two vanishing precisely along the diagonal of the Siegel upper half-plane. This is a solution of a question formulated during the conference "Black holes, Black Rings and Modular Forms" (ENS, Paris, August 2007). These modular forms generalize the classical Igusa form and the forms constructed by Gritsenko and Nikulin in 1998.
Let $\mathcal Q_D$ be the set of moduli points on Siegel's modular threefold whose corresponding principally polarized abelian surfaces have quaternionic multiplication by a maximal order $\mathcal O$ in an indefinite quaternion algebra of discriminant $D$ over $\mathbb Q$ such that the Rosati involution coincides with a positive involution of the form $α\mapstoμ^{-1}\overlineαμ$ on $\mathcal O$ for some $μ\in\mathcal O$ with $μ^2+D=0$. In this paper, we first give a formula for the number of irreducible components in $\mathcal Q_D$, strengthening an earlier result of Rotger. Then for each irr…
In two recent papers, we described some Siegel modular threefolds which admit a weak Calabi--Yau model. Not all of them admit a {\it projective} model. The purpose of this paper is to exhibit criterions for the projectivity, to treat several examples, and to compute their Hodge numbers.
We develop two structure theorems for vector valued Siegel modular forms for Igusa's subgroup Γ_2[2,4], the multiplier system induced by the theta constants and the representation Sym^2. In the proof, we identify some of these modular forms with rational tensors with easily handleable poles on P^3\C. It follows that the observed modules of modular forms are generated by the Rankin-Cohen brackets of the four theta series of the second kind.
Let $S$ be a K3 surface and let $E$ be an elliptic curve. We solve the reduced Gromov-Witten theory of the Calabi-Yau threefold $S \times E$ for all curve classes which are primitive in the K3 factor. In particular, we deduce the Igusa cusp form conjecture. The proof relies on new results in the Gromov-Witten theory of elliptic curves and K3 surfaces. We show the generating series of Gromov-Witten classes of an elliptic curve are cycle-valued quasimodular forms and satisfy a holomorphic anomaly equation. The quasimodularity generalizes a result by Okounkov and Pandharipande, and the holomorphi…
Let $A^{lev}_{11}$ be the moduli space of (1,11)-polarized abelian surfaces with level structure of canonical type. Let $χ$ be a finite character of order 5 with conductor 11. In this paper we construct five endoscopic lifts $Π_i,0\le i\le 4$ from two elliptic modular forms $f\otimesχ^i$ of weight 2 and $g\otimesχ^i$ of weight 4 with complex multiplication by $Q(\sqrt{-11})$ such that ${Π_i}_\infty$ gives a non-holomorphic differential form on $A^{lev}_{11}$ for each $i$. Then the spinor L-function is of form $L(f\otimesχ^i,s-1)L(g\otimesχ^i,s)$ such that $L(g\otimesχ^i,s)$ does not appear in …
We study the moduli space of abelian threefolds with Iwahori level structure in positive characteristic. We explicitly determine the fibers of the canonical projection to the moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties and draw conclusions about the relationship between the Ekedahl-Oort, the Kottwitz-Rapoport and the Newton stratification on these spaces.
Let $Z$ be the quotient of the Siegel modular threefold $\mathcal{A}^{\rm sa}(2,4,8)$ which has been studied by van Geemen and Nygaard. They gave an implication that some 6-tuple $F_Z$ of theta constants which is in turn known to be a Klingen type Eisenstein series of weight 3 should be related to a holomorphic differential $(2,0)$-form on $Z$. The variety $Z$ is birationally equivalent to the tangent cone of Fermat quartic surface in the title. In this paper we first compute the L-function of two smooth resolutions of $Z$. One of these, denoted by $W$, is a kind of Igusa compactification such…
In this paper we treat in details a modular variety $\cal Y$ that has a Calabi-Yau model, $\tilde{\cal Y}$. We shall describe the structure of the ring of modular forms and its geometry. We shall illustrate two different methods of producing the Hodge numbers. The first uses the definition of $\cal Y$ as the quotient of another known Calabi-Yau variety. In this case we will get the Hodge numbers considering the action of the group on a crepant resolution $\tilde{\cal X}$ of $\cal X$. The second, purely algebraic geometric, uses the equations derived from the ring of modular forms and is based …
A CHL model is the quotient of $\mathrm{K3} \times E$ by an order $N$ automorphism which acts symplectically on the K3 surface and acts by shifting by an $N$-torsion point on the elliptic curve $E$. We conjecture that the primitive Donaldson-Thomas partition function of elliptic CHL models is a Siegel modular form, namely the Borcherds lift of the corresponding twisted-twined elliptic genera which appear in Mathieu moonshine. The conjecture matches predictions of string theory by David, Jatkar and Sen. We use the topological vertex to prove several base cases of the conjecture. Via a degenerat…
It has been known since the 1970s that the Torelli map $M_g \to A_g$, associating to a smooth curve its jacobian, extends to a regular map from the Deligne-Mumford compactification $\bar{M}_g$ to the 2nd Voronoi compactification $\bar{A}_g^{vor}$. We prove that the extended Torelli map to the perfect cone (1st Voronoi) compactification $\bar{A}_g^{perf}$ is also regular, and moreover $\bar{A}_g^{vor}$ and $\bar{A}_g^{perf}$ share a common Zariski open neighborhood of the image of $\bar{M}_g$. We also show that the map to the Igusa monoidal transform (central cone compactification) is NOT regul…
We investigate the existence and non-existence of modular forms of low weight with a character with respect to the paramodular group $Γ_t$ and discuss the resulting geometric consequences. Using an advanced version of Maaß lifting one can construct many examples of such modular forms and in particular examples of weight 3 cusp forms. Consequently we find many abelian coverings of low degree of the moduli space ${\Cal A}_t$ of (1,t)-polarized abelian surfaces which are not unirational. We also determine the commutator subgroups of the paramodular group $Γ_t$ and its degree 2 extension $Γ^+_t$. …
In this paper we study the maximal extension $Γ_t^*$ of the subgroup $Γ_t$ of $\operatorname{Sp}_4 (\bq)$ which is conjugate to the paramodular group. The index of this extension is $2^{ν(t)}$ where $ν(t)$ is the number of prime divisors of $t$. The group $Γ_t^*$ defines the minimal modular threefold ${\Cal A}_t^*$ which is a finite quotient of the moduli space ${\Cal A}_t$ of $(1,t)$-polarized abelian surfaces. A certain degree 2 quotient of ${\Cal A}_t$ is a moduli space of lattice polarized $K3$ surfaces. The space ${\Cal A}_t^*$ can be interpreted as the space of Kummer surfaces associated…
In this paper the ubiquity of the Igusa quartic $B \subset \mathbb P^4$ shows up again, this time related to the Prym map $\mathfrak p : \mathcal R_6 \to \mathcal A_5$. We introduce the moduli space $\mathcal X$ of those quartic threefolds $X$ cutting twice a quadratic section of $B$. A general $X$ is $30$-nodal and the intermediate Jacobian $J(X)$ of its natural desingularization is a $5$-dimensional p.p. abelian variety. Let $\frak j: \mathcal X \to \mathcal A_5$ be the period map sending $X$ to $J(X)$, in the paper we study $\frak j$ and its relation to $\frak p$. As is well known the degre…
Vector-valued Siegel modular forms are the natural generalization of the classical elliptic modular forms as seen by studying the cohomology of the universal abelian variety. We show that for g>=4, a new class of vector-valued modular forms, defined on the Teichmuller space, naturally appears from the Mumford forms, a question directly related to the Schottky problem. In this framework we show that the discriminant of the quadric associated to the complex curves of genus 4 is proportional to the square root of the products of Thetanullwerte χ_{68}, which is a proof of the recently rediscovered…
We give an explicit conjectural formula for the motivic Euler characteristic of an arbitrary symplectic local system on the moduli space A_3 of principally polarized abelian threefolds. The main term of the formula is a conjectural motive of Siegel modular forms of a certain type; the remaining terms admit a surprisingly simple description in terms of the motivic Euler characteristics for lower genera. The conjecture is based on extensive counts of curves of genus three and abelian threefolds over finite fields. It provides a lot of new information about vector-valued Siegel modular forms of d…
We find automorphic corrections for the Lorentzian Kac--Moody algebras with the simplest generalized Cartan matrices of rank 3: A_{1,0} = 2 0 -1 0 2 -2 -1 -2 2 and A_{1,I} = 2 -2 -1 -2 2 -1 -1 -1 2 For A_{1,0} this correction is given by the Igusa Sp_4(Z)-modular form χ_{35} of weight 35, and for A_{1,I} by a Siege modular form of weight 30 with respect to a 2-congruence subgroup. We find infinite product or sum expansions for these forms. Our method of construction of χ_{35} leads to the direct construction of Siegel modular forms by infinite product expansions, whose divisors are the Humbert…
We study a property of cycle spaces in connection with degenerating Hodge structures of odd-weight, and construct maps from some partial compactifications of period domains to the Satake compatifications of Siegel spaces. These maps are a generalization of the maps from the toroidal compactifications of Siegel spaces to the Satake compactifications. We also show the continuity of these maps for the case of Calabi-Yau threefolds with h^{2,1}=1.
It is a fundamental problem in geometry to decide which moduli spaces of polarized algebraic varieties are embedded by their period maps as Zariski open subsets of locally Hermitian symmetric domains. In the present work we prove that the moduli space of Calabi-Yau threefolds coming from eight planes in $\mathbb{P}^3$ does {\em not} have this property. We show furthermore that the monodromy group of a good family is Zariski dense in the corresponding symplectic group. Moreover, we study a natural sublocus which we call hyperelliptic locus, over which the variation of Hodge structures is natura…
We prove the elliptic transformation law of Jacobi forms for the generating series of Pandharipande--Thomas invariants of an elliptic Calabi--Yau 3-fold over a reduced class in the base. This proves part of a conjecture by Huang, Katz, and Klemm. For the proof we construct an involution of the derived category and use wall-crossing methods. We express the generating series of PT invariants in terms of low genus Gromov--Witten invariants and universal Jacobi forms. As applications we prove new formulas and recover several known formulas for the PT invariants of $\mathrm{K3} \times E$, abelian 3…
For a complex abelian variety $A$ with endomorphism ring isomorphic to the maximal order in a quartic CM-field $K$, the Igusa invariants $j_1(A), j_2(A),j_3(A)$ generate an abelian extension of the reflex field of $K$. In this paper we give an explicit description of the Galois action of the class group of this reflex field on $j_1(A),j_2(A),j_3(A)$. We give a geometric description which can be expressed by maps between various Siegel modular varieties. We can explicitly compute this action for ideals of small norm, and this allows us to improve the CRT method for computing Igusa class polynom…
We study the structure of the invariant of K3 surfaces with involution, which we obtained using equivariant analytic torsion. It was known before that the invariant is expressed as the Petersson norm of an automorphic form on the moduli space. When the rank of the invariant sublattice of the K3-lattice with respect to the involution is strictly bigger than 10, we prove that this automorphic form is expressed as the tensor product of an explicit Borcherds lift and Igusa's Siegel modular form.
The object of this article is to construct certain classes of arithmetically significant, holomorphic Siegel cusp forms F of genus 2, which are neither of Saito-Kurokawa type, in which case the degree 4 spinor L-function L(s, F) is divisible by an abelian L-function, nor of Yoshida type, in which case L(s,F) is a product of L-series of a pair of elliptic cusp forms. Two key examples are the forms F defined by the symmetric cube of a non-CM elliptic curve E over the rationals, and those defined by anticyclotomic twists (of even non-zero weight) of the base change of such an E to an imaginary qu…
Let k be a field and f be a Siegel modular form of weight h \geq 0 and genus g>1 over k. Using f, we define an invariant of the k-isomorphism class of a principally polarized abelian variety (A,a)/k of dimension g. Moreover when (A,a) is the Jacobian of a smooth plane curve, we show how to associate to f a classical plane invariant. As straightforward consequences of these constructions, when g=3 and k is a subfield of the complex field, we obtain (i) a new proof of a formula of Klein linking the modular form χ_{18} to the square of the discriminant of plane quartics ; (ii) a proof that one ca…
Let k be a field of characteristic different from 2. There can be an obstruction for an indecomposable principally polarized abelian threefold (A,a) over k to be a Jacobian over k. It can be computed in terms of the rationality of the square root of the value of a certain Siegel modular form. We show how to do this explicitly for principally polarized abelian threefolds which are the third power of an elliptic curve with complex multiplication. We use our numeric results to prove or refute the existence of some optimal curves of genus 3.
Let $S$ be a K3 surface with primitive curve class $β$. We solve the relative Gromov-Witten theory of $S \times \mathbb{P}^1$ in classes $(β,1)$ and $(β,2)$. The generating series are quasi-Jacobi forms and equal to a corresponding series of genus $0$ Gromov-Witten invariants on the Hilbert scheme of points of $S$. This proves a special case of a conjecture of Pandharipande and the author. The new geometric input of the paper is a genus bound for hyperelliptic curves on K3 surfaces proven by Ciliberto and Knutsen. By exploiting various formal properties we find that a key generating series is …
In connection with our previous investigation about Siegel threefolds which admit a Calabi--Yau model, we consider ball quotients which belong to the unitary group $\U(1,3)$. In this paper we determine a very particular example of a Picard modular variety of general type. Really we determine the ring of modular forms. This algebra has 25 generators, 15 modular forms $B_i$ of weight one and ten modular forms $C_j$ of weight 2. Both will appear as Borcherds products. We determine the ideal of relations. The forms $C_i$ are cuspidal. Their squares define holomorphic differential forms on the non-…
Barth and Nieto have found a remarkable quintic threefold which parametrizes Heisenberg invariant Kummer surfaces which belong to abelian surfaces with a (1,3)-polarization and a lecel 2 structure. A double cover of this quintic, which is also a Calabi-Yau variety, is birationally equivalent to the moduli space {\cal A}_3(2) of abelian surfaces with a (1,3)-polarization and a level 2 structure. As a consequence the corresponding paramodular group Γ_3(2) has a unique cusp form of weight 3. In this paper we find this cusp form which is Δ_1^3. The form Δ_1 is a remarkable weight 1 cusp form with …
