This paper finds for all orthogonal algebras (i.e. the B and D series) all modular invariant 1-loop partition functions at levels 1,2,3. Previously, only those at level 1 were classified. An extraordinary number of exceptionals appear at level 2 -- indeed this is the primary motivation for this paper -- and we find infinitely many new ones there. The only level 3 exceptionals occur for $B_2$ and $D_7$, and the latter appear to be new. The $B_{2,3}$ and $D_{7,3}$ exceptionals are cousins of the "$E_6$" and "$E_8$" exceptionals in the A-D-E classification for affine $A_1$, while the level 2 exceptionals are related to the lattice invariants of affine u(1).
A geometric construction of Z_2-graded orthogonal modular categories is given. Their 0-graded parts coincide with categories previously obtained by Blanchet and the author from the category of tangles modulo the Kauffman skein relations. Quantum dimensions and twist coefficients for 1-graded simple objects (spinors) are calculated. We show that our even orthogonal modular categories admit cohomological refinements and the odd orthogonal ones lead to spin refinements. The relation with the quantum group approach is discussed.
We show that Galois theory of cyclotomic number fields provides a powerful tool to construct systematically integer-valued matrices commuting with the modular matrix S, as well as automorphisms of the fusion rules. Both of these prescriptions allow the construction of modular invariants and offer new insight in the structure of known exceptional invariants.
Using factorizable Hopf algebras, we construct modular invariant partition functions of charge conjugation, or Cardy, type as characters of coends in categories that share essential features with the ones appearing in logarithmic CFT. The coefficients of such a partition function are given by the Cartan matrix of the theory.
The smallest known example of a family of modular categories that is not determined by its modular data are the rank 49 categories $\mathcal{Z}(\text{Vec}_G^ω)$ for $G=\mathbb{Z}_{11} \rtimes \mathbb{Z}_{5}$. However, these categories can be distinguished with the addition of a matrix of invariants called the $W$-matrix that contains intrinsic information about punctured $S$-matrices. Here we show that it is a common occurrence for knot and link invariants to carry more information than the modular data. We present the results of a systematic investigation of the invariants for small knots and…
A modular invariant for a chiral conformal field theory is physical if there is a full conformal field theory with the given chiral halves realising the modular invariant. The easiest modular invariants are the charge conjugation and the diagonal modular invariants. While the charge conjugation modular invariant is always physical there are examples of chiral CFTs for which the diagonal modular invariant is not physical. Here we give (in group theoretical terms) a necessary and sufficient condition for diagonal modular invariants of $G$-orbifolds of holomorphic conformal field theories to be p…
For any finite group G with a finite G-set X and a modular tensor category C we construct a part of the algebraic structure of an associated G-equivariant monoidal category: For any group element g in G we exhibit the module category structure of the g-component over the trivial component. This uses the formalism of permutation equivariant modular functors that was worked out in arXiv:1004.1825. As an application we show that the corresponding modular invariant partition function is given by permutation by g.
We classify indecomposable commutative separable (special Frobenius) algebras and their local modules in (untwisted) group-theoretical modular categories. This gives a description of modular invariants for group-theoretical modular data. As a bi-product we provide an answer to the question when (and in how many ways) two group-theoretical modular categories are equivalent as ribbon categories.
Characters of rational vertex operator algebras (RVOAs) arising in 2-dimensional conformal field theories often belong (after suitable normalization) to the (multiplicative) semigroup E^+ of modular units whose Fourier expansions are in 1+q Z_{>=0}[[q]], up to a fractional power of q. If even all characters of a RVOA share this property then we have an example of what we call modular sets, i.e. finite subsets of E^+ whose elements (additively) span a vector space which is invariant under the usual action of SL(2,Z). The classification of modular sets and RVOAs seem to be closely related. In th…
We start with a given modular invariant M of a two dimensional su(n)_k conformal field theory (CFT) and present a general method for solving the Ocneanu modular splitting equation and then determine, in a step-by-step explicit construction, 1) the generalized partition functions corresponding to the introduction of boundary conditions and defect lines; 2) the quantum symmetries of the higher ADE graph G associated to the initial modular invariant M. Notice that one does not suppose here that the graph G is already known, since it appears as a by-product of the calculations. We analyze several …
We show that a braided monoidal category C can be endowed with the structure of a right (and left) module category over C \times C. In fact, there is a family of such module category structures, and they are mutually isomorphic if and only if C allows for a twist. For the case that C is premodular we compute the internal End of the tensor unit of C, and we show that it is an Azumaya algebra if C is modular. As an application to two-dimensional rational conformal field theory, we show that the module categories describe the permutation modular invariant for models based on the product of two id…
We study novel invariants of modular categories that are beyond the modular data, with an eye towards a simple set of complete invariants for modular categories. Our focus is on the $W$-matrix--the quantum invariant of a colored framed Whitehead link from the associated TQFT of a modular category. We prove that the $W$-matrix and the set of punctured $S$-matrices are strictly beyond the modular data $(S,T)$. Whether or not the triple $(S,T,W)$ constitutes a complete invariant of modular categories remains an open question.
In this paper, we study contragredient duals and invariant bilinear forms for modular vertex algebras (in characteristic $p$). We first introduce a bialgebra $\mathcal{H}$ and we then introduce a notion of $\mathcal{H}$-module vertex algebra and a notion of $(V,\mathcal{H})$-module for an $\mathcal{H}$-module vertex algebra $V$. Then we give a modular version of Frenkel-Huang-Lepowsky's theory and study invariant bilinear forms on an $\mathcal{H}$-module vertex algebra. As the main results, we obtain an explicit description of the space of invariant bilinear forms on a general $\mathcal{H}$-mo…
To every $k$-dimensional modular invariant vector space we associate a modular form on $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ of weight $2k$. We explore number theoretic properties of this form and find a sufficient condition for its vanishing which yields modular identities (e.g., Ramanujan-Watson's modular identities). Furthermore, we focus on a family of modular invariant spaces coming from suitable two-dimensional spaces via the symmetric power construction. In particular, we consider a two-dimensional space spanned by graded dimensions of certain level one modules for the affine Kac-Moody Lie algebra of type…
Three exceptional modular invariants of SU(4) exist at levels 4, 6 and 8. They can be obtained from appropriate conformal embeddings and the corresponding graphs have self-fusion. From these embeddings, or from their associated modular invariants, we determine the algebras of quantum symmetries, obtain their generators, and, as a by-product, recover the known graphs E4(SU4), E6(SU4) and E8(SU4) describing exceptional quantum subgroups of type SU(4). We also obtain characteristic numbers (quantum cardinalities, dimensions) for each of them and for their associated quantum groupoids.
We compute the Hochschild homology and cohomology, and cyclic homology, of almost Calabi-Yau algebras for SU(3) ADE graphs. These almost Calabi-Yau algebras are a higher rank analogue of the pre-projective algebras for Dynkin diagrams, which are SU(2)-related constructions. The Hochschild (co)homology and cyclic homology of A can be regarded as invariants for the braided subfactors associated to the SU(3) modular invariants.
We study the SU(2) Witten--Reshetikhin--Turaev invariant for the Seifert fibered homology spheres with M-exceptional fibers. We show that the WRT invariant can be written in terms of (differential of) the Eichler integrals of modular forms with weight 1/2 and 3/2. By use of nearly modular property of the Eichler integrals we shall obtain asymptotic expansions of the WRT invariant in the large-N limit. We further reveal that the number of the gauge equivalent classes of flat connections, which dominate the asymptotics of the WRT invariant in N ->\infinity, is related to the number of integral l…
In this lecture we explain the intimate relationship between modular invariants in conformal field theory and braided subfactors in operator algebras. Our analysis is based on an approach to modular invariants using braided sector induction ("$α$-induction") arising from the treatment of conformal field theory in the Doplicher-Haag-Roberts framework. Many properties of modular invariants which have so far been noticed empirically and considered mysterious can be rigorously derived in a very general setting in the subfactor context. For example, the connection between modular invariants and gra…
We investigate vertex operator algebras $L(k,0)$ associated with modular-invariant representations for an affine Lie algebra $A_1 ^{(1)}$ , where k is 'admissible' rational number. We show that VOA $L(k,0)$ is rational in the category $\cal O$ and find all irreducible representations in the category of weight modules.
In these lectures we explain the intimate relationship between modular invariants in conformal field theory and braided subfactors in operator algebras. A subfactor with a braiding determines a matrix $Z$ which is obtained as a coupling matrix comparing two kinds of braided sector induction ("alpha-induction"). It has non-negative integer entries, is normalized and commutes with the S- and T-matrices arising from the braiding. Thus it is a physical modular invariant in the usual sense of rational conformal field theory. The algebraic treatment of conformal field theory models, e.g. $SU(n)_k$ m…
We construct modular categories from Hecke algebras at roots of unity. For a special choice of the framing parameter, we recover the Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of closed 3-manifolds constructed from the quantum groups U_q sl(N) by Reshetikhin-Turaev and Turaev-Wenzl, and from skein theory by Yokota. We then discuss the choice of the framing parameter. This leads, for any rank N and level K, to a modular category \tilde H^{N,K} and a reduced invariant \tildeτ_{N,K}. If N and K are coprime, then this invariant coincides with the known PSU(N) invariant at level K. If gcd(N,K)=d>1, then we show…
The modular data of a modular category $\mathcal{C}$, consisting of the $S$-matrix and the $T$-matrix, is known to be an incomplete invariant of $\mathcal{C}$. More generally, the invariants of framed links and knots defined by a modular category as part of a topological quantum field theory can be viewed as numerical invariants of the category. Among these invariants, we study the invariant defined by the Borromean link colored by three objects. Thus we obtain a tensor that we call $B$. We derive a formula for the Borromean tensor for the twisted Drinfeld doubles of finite groups. Along with …
We derive formulae which lend themselves to TQFT interpretations of the Milnor torsion, the Lescop invariant, the Casson invariant, and the Casson-Morita cocyle of a 3-manifold, and, furthermore, relate them to the Reshetikhin-Turaev theory.
The spaces of invariants and the zonal spherical functions associated with quantum super 2-shpheres defined by $\Bbb{C}_{q}(osp(1,2))$ are discussed. Connection between the zonal spherical functions and orthogonal $q$-polynomials from the Askey-Wilson scheme is investigated.
In this paper we further analyze modular invariants for subfactors, in particular the structure of the chiral induced systems of M-M morphisms. The relative braiding between the chiral systems restricts to a proper braiding on their ``ambichiral'' intersection, and we show that the ambichiral braiding is non-degenerate if the original braiding of the N-N morphisms is. Moreover, in this case the dimensions of the irreducible representations of the chiral fusion rule algebras are given by the chiral branching coefficients which describe the ambichiral contribution in the irreducible decompositio…
We study the Chern-Simons partition function of orthogonal quantum group invariants, and propose a new orthogonal Labastida-Mariño-Ooguri-Vafa conjecture as well as degree conjecture for free energy associated to the orthogonal Chern-Simons partition function. We prove the degree conjecture and some interesting cases of orthogonal LMOV conjecture. In particular, We provide a formula of colored Kauffman polynomials for torus knots and links, and applied this formula to verify certain case of the conjecture at roots of unity except $1$. We also derive formulas of Lickorish-Millett type for Kauff…
Gukov-Pei-Putrov-Vafa constructed $q$-series invariants called homological blocks in a physical way in order to categorify Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev (WRT) invariants and conjectured that radial limits of homological blocks are WRT invariants. In this paper, we prove their conjecture for unimodular H-graphs. As a consequence, it turns out that the WRT invariants of H-graphs yield quantum modular forms of depth two and of weight one with the quantum set $\mathbb{Q}$. In the course of the proof of our main theorem, we first write the invariants as finite sums of rational functions. We second carr…
Based on the orthogonal Labastida-Mari{ñ}o-Ooguri-Vafa conjecture made by L. Chen & Q. Chen [5], we derive an infinite product formula for Chern-Simons partition functions, which generalizes the Liu-Peng's [19] recent results to the orthogonal case. Symmetry property of this new infinite product structure is also discussed.
