In this paper we further analyze modular invariants for subfactors, in particular the structure of the chiral induced systems of M-M morphisms. The relative braiding between the chiral systems restricts to a proper braiding on their ``ambichiral'' intersection, and we show that the ambichiral braiding is non-degenerate if the original braiding of the N-N morphisms is. Moreover, in this case the dimensions of the irreducible representations of the chiral fusion rule algebras are given by the chiral branching coefficients which describe the ambichiral contribution in the irreducible decomposition of alpha-induced sectors. We show that modular invariants come along naturally with several non-negative integer valued matrix representations of the original N-N Verlinde fusion rule algebra, and we completely determine their decomposition into its characters. Finally the theory is illustrated by various examples, including the treatment of all SU(2)_k modular invariants, some SU(3) conformal inclusions and the chiral conformal Ising model.
The representation theory of a conformal net is a unitary modular tensor category. It is captured by the bimodule category of the Jones-Wassermann subfactor. In this paper, we construct multi-interval Jones-Wassermann subfactors for unitary modular tensor categories. We prove that these subfactors are self-dual. It generalizes and categorifies the self-duality of finite abelian groups and we call it modular self-duality.
We study the problem of realising modular invariants by braided subfactors and the related problem of classifying nimreps. We develop the fusion rule structure of these modular invariants. This structure is useful tool in the analysis of modular data from quantum double subfactors, particularly those of the double of cyclic groups, the symmetric group on 3 letters and the double of the subfactors with principal graph the extended Dynkin diagram D_5^(1). In particular for the double of S_3, 14 of the 48 modular modular invariants are nimless, and only 28 of the remaining 34 nimble invariants ca…
In these lectures we explain the intimate relationship between modular invariants in conformal field theory and braided subfactors in operator algebras. A subfactor with a braiding determines a matrix $Z$ which is obtained as a coupling matrix comparing two kinds of braided sector induction ("alpha-induction"). It has non-negative integer entries, is normalized and commutes with the S- and T-matrices arising from the braiding. Thus it is a physical modular invariant in the usual sense of rational conformal field theory. The algebraic treatment of conformal field theory models, e.g. $SU(n)_k$ m…
We complete the realisation by braided subfactors, announced by Ocneanu, of all SU(3)-modular invariant partition functions previously classified by Gannon.
We consider a type III subfactor $N\subset M$ of finite index with a finite system of braided $N$-$N$ morphisms which includes the irreducible constituents of the dual canonical endomorphism. We apply $α$-induction and, developing further some ideas of Ocneanu, we define chiral generators for the double triangle algebra. Using a new concept of intertwining braiding fusion relations, we show that the chiral generators can be naturally identified with the $α$-induced sectors. A matrix $Z$ is defined and shown to commute with the S- and T-matrices arising from the braiding. If the braiding is non…
In this lecture we explain the intimate relationship between modular invariants in conformal field theory and braided subfactors in operator algebras. Our analysis is based on an approach to modular invariants using braided sector induction ("$α$-induction") arising from the treatment of conformal field theory in the Doplicher-Haag-Roberts framework. Many properties of modular invariants which have so far been noticed empirically and considered mysterious can be rigorously derived in a very general setting in the subfactor context. For example, the connection between modular invariants and gra…
A braided subfactor determines a coupling matrix Z which commutes with the S- and T-matrices arising from the braiding. Such a coupling matrix is not necessarily of "type I", i.e. in general it does not have a block-diagonal structure which can be reinterpreted as the diagonal coupling matrix with respect to a suitable extension. We show that there are always two intermediate subfactors which correspond to left and right maximal extensions and which determine "parent" coupling matrices Z^\pm of type I. Moreover it is shown that if the intermediate subfactors coincide, so that Z^+=Z^-, then Z i…
Braided subfactors of von Neumann algebras provide a framework for studying two dimensional conformal field theories and their modular invariants. We review this in the context of SU(3) conformal field theories through corresponding SU(3) braided subfactors and various subfactor invariants including spectral measures for the nimrep graphs, A_2-planar algebras and almost Calabi-Yau algebras.
We review the framework subfactors provide for understanding modular invariants. We discuss the structure of a generalized Longo-Rehren subfactor and the relationship between the coupling matrices of such subfactors, modular invariance and local extensions. We relate results of Kostant, in the context of the McKay correspondence for finite subgroups of SU(2), to subfactors. A direct proof of how alpha-induction produces modular invariants is presented.
We define and study a certain relative tensor product of subfactors over a modular tensor category. This gives a relative tensor product of two completely rational heterotic full local conformal nets with trivial superselection structures over a common chiral representation category. In particular, we have a new realization of fusion rules of modular invariants. This also gives a mathematical definition of a composition of two gapped domain walls between topological phases.
We compute the modular data (that is, the $S$ and $T$ matrices) for the centre of the extended Haagerup subfactor. The full structure (i.e. the associativity data, also known as 6-$j$ symbols or $F$ matrices) still appears to be inaccessible. Nevertheless, starting with just the number of simple objects and their dimensions (obtained by a combinatorial argument in arXiv:1404.3955) we find that it is surprisingly easy to leverage knowledge of the representation theory of $SL (2, \mathbb Z)$ into a complete description of the modular data. We also investigate the possible character vectors assoc…
We describe the structure of the inclusions of factors A(E) contained in A(E')' associated with multi-intervals E of R for a local irreducible net A of von Neumann algebras on the real line satisfying the split property and Haag duality. In particular, if the net is conformal and the subfactor has finite index, the inclusion associated with two separated intervals is isomorphic to the Longo-Rehren inclusion, which provides a quantum double construction of the tensor category of superselection sectors of A. As a consequence, the index of A(E) in A(E')' coincides with the global index associated…
We complete the computation of spectral measures for SU(3) nimrep graphs arising in subfactor theory, namely the SU(3) ADE graphs associated with SU(3) modular invariants and the McKay graphs of finite subgroups of SU(3). For the SU(2) graphs the spectral measures distill onto very special subsets of the semicircle/circle, whilst for the SU(3) graphs the spectral measures distill onto very special subsets of the discoid/torus. The theory of nimreps allows us to compute these measures precisely. We have previously determined spectral measures for some nimrep graphs arising in subfactor theory, …
We consider generalized Haagerup categories such that $1 \oplus X$ admits a $Q$-system for every non-invertible simple object $X$. We show that in such a category, the group of order two invertible objects has size at most four. We describe the simple objects of the Drinfeld center and give partial formulas for the modular data. We compute the remaining corner of the modular data for several examples and make conjectures about the general case. We also consider several types of equivariantizations and de-equivariantizations of generalized Haagerup categories and describe their Drinfeld centers…
The quantum double of the Haagerup subfactor, the first irreducible finite depth subfactor with index above 4, is the most obvious candidate for exotic modular data. We show that its modular data DHg fits into a family $D^ωHg_{2n+1}$, where $n\ge 0$ and $ω\in \bbZ_{2n+1}$. We show $D^0 Hg_{2n+1}$ is related to the subfactors Izumi hypothetically associates to the cyclic groups $Z_{2n+1}$. Their modular data comes equipped with canonical and dual canonical modular invariants; we compute the corresponding alpha-inductions etc. In addition, we show there are (respectively) 1, 2, 0 subfactors of I…
Modular invariants satisfy remarkable fusion rules. Let $Z$ be a modular invariant associated to a braided subfactor $N\subset M$. The decomposition of the non-normalized modular invariants $Z Z^{*}$ and $Z^{*}Z$ into sums of normalized modular invariants is related to the decomposition of the full induced $M-M$ system of sectors.
Braiding structures on categorical multi-Interval Jones-Wassermann subfactor
Yau Mathematical Sciences Center and Department of Mathematics, Tsinghua University（清华大学丘成桐数学科学中心及数学系）；Yanqi Lake Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications（北京怀柔数学院）
Let $A,B\subset M$ be inclusions of $σ$-finite von Neumann algebras such that $A$ and $B$ are images of faithful normal conditional expectations. In this article, we investigate Popa's intertwining condition $A\preceq_MB$ using their modular actions. In the main theorem, we prove that if $A\preceq_MB$ holds, then an intertwining element for $A\preceq_MB$ also intertwines some modular flows of $A$ and $B$. As a result, we deduce a new characterization of $A\preceq_MB$ in terms of their continuous cores. Using this new characterization, we prove the first W$^*$-superrigidity type result for grou…
In this article, we will prove that the subsectors of $α$-induced sectors for $M \rtimes \hat{G} \supset M$ forms a modular category, where $M \rtimes \hat{G}$ is the crossed product of $M$ by the group dual $\hat{G}$ of a finite group $G$. In fact, we will prove that it is equivalent to Müger's crossed product. By using this identification, we will exhibit an orbifold aspect of the quantum double of $Δ$(not necessarily non-degenerate) obtained from a Longo-Rehren inclusion $A \supset B_Δ$ under certain assumptions. We will apply the above description of the quantum double of $Δ$ to the Reshet…
We determine the Nakayama automorphism of the almost Calabi-Yau algebra A associated to the braided subfactors or nimrep graphs associated to each SU(3) modular invariant. We use this to determine a resolution of A as an A-A bimodule, which will yield a projective resolution of A.
We compute the Hochschild homology and cohomology, and cyclic homology, of almost Calabi-Yau algebras for SU(3) ADE graphs. These almost Calabi-Yau algebras are a higher rank analogue of the pre-projective algebras for Dynkin diagrams, which are SU(2)-related constructions. The Hochschild (co)homology and cyclic homology of A can be regarded as invariants for the braided subfactors associated to the SU(3) modular invariants.
In this paper, we establish the general theory of (2+1)-dimensional topological quantum field theory (in short, TQFT) with a Verlinde basis. It is a consequence that we have a Dehn surgery formula for 3-manifold invariants for this kind of TQFT's. We will show that Turaev-Viro-Ocneanu unitary TQFT's obtained from subfactors satisfy the axioms of TQFT's with Verlinde bases. Hence, in a Turaev-Viro-Ocneanu TQFT, we have a Dehn surgery formula for 3-manifolds. It turns out that this Dehn surgery formula is nothing but the formula of the Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant constructed from a tube system,…
We realise non-unitary fusion categories using subfactor-like methods, and compute their quantum doubles and modular data. For concreteness we focus on generalising the Haagerup-Izumi family of Q-systems. For example, we construct endomorphism realisations of the (non-unitary) Yang-Lee model, and non-unitary analogues of one of the even subsystems of the Haagerup subfactor and of the Grossman-Snyder system. We supplement Izumi's equations for identifying the half-braidings, which were incomplete even in his Q-system setting. We conjecture a remarkably simple form for the modular S and T matric…
We determine the cells, whose existence has been announced by Ocneanu, on all the candidate nimrep graphs except $\mathcal{E}_4^{(12)}$ proposed by di Francesco and Zuber for the SU(3) modular invariants classified by Gannon. This enables the Boltzmann weights to be computed for the corresponding integrable statistical mechanical models and provide the framework for studying corresponding braided subfactors to realise all the SU(3) modular invariants as well as a framework for a new SU(3) planar algebra theory.
Various definitions of chiral observables in a given Moebius covariant two-dimensional theory are shown to be equivalent. Their representation theory in the vacuum Hilbert space of the 2D theory is studied. It shares the general characteristics of modular invariant partition functions, although SL(2,Z) transformation properties are not assumed. First steps towards classification are made.
We construct explicit examples of half-sided modular inclusions ${\mathcal N}\subset{\mathcal M}$ of von Neumann algebras with trivial relative commutants. After stating a general criterion for triviality of the relative commutant in terms of an algebra localized at infinity, we consider a second quantization inclusion ${\mathcal N}\subset{\mathcal M}$ with large relative commutant and construct a one-parameter family ${\mathcal N}_κ\subset{\mathcal M}_κ$, $κ\geq0$, of half-sided inclusions such that ${\mathcal N}_0={\mathcal N}$, ${\mathcal M}_0={\mathcal M}$ and ${\mathcal N}_κ'\cap{\mathcal…
