Boris Dubrovin, Youjin Zhang
For an arbitrary Frobenius manifold a system of Virasoro constraints is constructed. In the semisimple case these constraints are proved to hold true in the genus one approximation. Particularly, the genus $\leq 1$ Virasoro conjecture of T.Eguchi, K.Hori, M.Jinzenji, and C.-S.Xiong and of S.Katz is proved for smooth projective varieties having semisimple quantum cohomology.
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For an arbitrary calibrated Frobenius manifold, we construct an infinite dimensional Lie algebra, called the Virasoro-like algebra, which is a deformation of the Virasoro algebra of the Frobenius manifold. By using the Virasoro-like algebra we give a family of quadratic PDEs that are satisfied by the genus-zero free energy of the Frobenius manifold. We also derive, under the semisimplicity assumption, the Virasoro constraints for the corresponding abstract Hodge partition function.
The main goal of this paper is to prove the following two conjectures for genus up to two: 1. Witten's conjecture on the relations between higher spin curves and Gelfand--Dickey hierarchy. 2. Virasoro conjecture for target manifolds with conformal semisimple Frobenius manifolds. The main technique used in the proof is the invariance of tautological equations under loop group action.
This is an expository paper based on the results in [12] and [16]. The main goal is to prove the following two conjectures for genus up to two. (1) Witten's conjecture on the relations between higher spin curves and Gelfand-Dickey Hierarchies. (2) Virasoro conjecture for conformal semisimple Frobenius manifolds.
We found an explicit description of all $GL(n,\RR)$-Whittaker functions as oscillatory integrals and thus constructed equivariant mirrors of flag manifolds. As a consequence we proved the Virasoro conjecture for flag manifolds.
We first study the quantum product on the big phase space defined by gravitational Gromov-Witten invariants. We then use this product to give an interpretation for various topological recursion relations and also use it to study the Virasoro conjecture proposed by Eguchi-Hori-Xiong and Katz. We will give a recursive formulation to the Virasoro conjecture and study properties of relevent vector fields, which will be useful in proving and applying the Virasoro conjecture for all genera. In the genus-2 case, we will prove that the genus-2 Virasoro conjecture can be reduced to the $L_{1}$ constrai…
Frobenius manifolds (solutions of WDVV equations) in canonical coordinates are determined by the system of Darboux-Egoroff equations. This system of partial differential equations appears as a specific subset of the $n$-component KP hierarchy. KP representation theory and the related Sato infinite Grassmannian are used to construct solutions of this Darboux-Egoroff system and the related Frobenius manifolds. Finally we show that for these solutions Dubrovin's isomonodromy tau-function can be expressed in the KP tau-function.
We prove a duality principle for a special class of submanifolds in pseudo-Euclidean spaces. This class of submanifolds with potential of normals is introduced in this paper. We prove also, for example, that an arbitrary Frobenius manifold can be realized as a certain flat submanifold of this very natural class.
We obtain algebraic Frobenius manifolds from classical $W$-algebras associated to subregular nilpotent elements in simple Lie algebras of type $D_r$ where $r$ is even and $E_r$. The resulting Frobenius manifolds are certain hypersurfaces in the total spaces of semiuniversal deformation of simple hypersurface singularities of the same types.
In this paper, we show that the quotient space of the domain by the reflection group for an elliptic root system has a structure of Frobenius manifold for the case of codimension 1. We also give a characterization of this Frobenius manifold structure under some suitable condition.
We prove that the information geometry's Frobenius manifold is a symplectic manifold having Poisson structures. By proving this statement, a bridge is created between the theories developed by Vinberg, Souriau and Koszul and the Frobenius manifold approach. Until now these approaches seemed disconnected.
We describe a formalism based on quantization of quadratic hamiltonians and symplectic actions of loop groups which provides a convenient home for most of known general results and conjectures about Gromov-Witten invariants of compact symplectic manifolds and, more generally, Frobenius structures at higher genus. We state several results illustrating the formalism and its use. In particular, we establish Virasoro constraints for semisimple Frobenius structures and outline a proof of the Virasoro conjecture for Gromov -- Witten invariants of complex projective spaces and other Fano toric manifo…
Recently, it has been shown that the statistical manifold, related to exponential families, has a Frobenius manifold structure and appears as the fourth class of Frobenius manifolds. It has a structure of a projective manifold over a rank two Frobenius algebra $\frak{A}$, being the algebra of paracomplex numbers and generated by $1, ε$ such that $ε^2=1$. This result is a key step towards an algebraization of the results concerning the manifold of probability distributions and thus offers a new perspective on it. In this paper, we prove that the fourth Frobenius manifold is decomposed into a pa…
Main mathematical applications of Frobenius manifolds are in the theory of Gromov - Witten invariants, in singularity theory, in differential geometry of the orbit spaces of reflection groups and of their extensions, in the hamiltonian theory of integrable hierarchies. The theory of Frobenius manifolds establishes remarkable relationships between these, sometimes rather distant, mathematical theories.
The recently discovered fourth class of Frobenius manifolds by Combe--Manin in opened and highlighted new geometric domains to explore. The guiding mantra of this article is to show the existence of hidden geometric aspects of the fourth Frobenius manifold, which turns out to be related to so-called causality conditions. Firstly, it is proved that the fourth class of Frobenius manifolds is a Pseudo-Elliptic one. Secondly, this manifold turns out to be a sub-manifold of a non-orientable Lorentzian projective manifold. Thirdly, Maurer--Cartan structures for this manifold and hidden geometrical p…
In this note I exhibit a "discrete homotopy" which joins the category of F-manifolds to the category of Poisson-Nijenhuis manifolds, passing through the category of Frobenius manifolds.
A finite quiver $Q$ without loops or 2-cycles defines a 3CY triangulated category $D(Q)$ and a finite heart $A(Q)$. We show that if $Q$ satisfies some (strong) conditions then the space of stability conditions $Stab(A(Q))$ supported on this heart admits a natural family of semisimple Frobenius manifold structures, constructed using the invariants counting semistable objects in $D(Q)$. In the case of $A_n$ evaluating the family at a special point we recover a branch of the Saito Frobenius structure of the $A_n$ singularity $y^2 = x^{n+1}$. We give examples where applying the construction to eac…
We propose that the Virasoro algebra controls quantum cohomologies of general Fano manifolds $M$ ($c_1(M)>0$) and determines their partition functions at all genera. We construct Virasoro operators in the case of complex projective spaces and show that they reproduce the results of Kontsevich-Manin, Getzler etc. on the genus-0,1 instanton numbers. We also construct Virasoro operators for a wider class of Fano varieties. The central charge of the algebra is equal to $χ(M)$, the Euler characteristic of the manifold $M$.
A Frobenius manifold has tri-hamiltonian structure if it is even-dimensional and its spectrum is maximally degenerate. We focus on the case of dimension four and show that, under the assumption of semisimplicity, the corresponding isomonodromic Fuchsian system is described by the Painlevé VI$μ$ equation. This yields an explicit procedure associating to any semisimple Frobenius manifold of dimension three a tri-hamiltonian Frobenius manifold of dimension four. We carry out explicit examples for the case of Frobenius structures on Hurwitz spaces.
In their fundamental work, B. Dubrovin and Y. Zhang, generalizing the Virasoro equations for the genus 0 Gromov-Witten invariants, proved the Virasoro equations for a descendent potential in genus 0 of an arbitrary conformal Frobenius manifold. More recently, a remarkable system of partial differential equations, called the open WDVV equations, appeared in the work of A. Horev and J. P. Solomon. This system controls the genus 0 open Gromov-Witten invariants. In our paper, for an arbitrary solution of the open WDVV equations, satisfying a certain homogeneity condition, we construct a descendent…
On the geometry of Kähler--Frobenius manifolds and their classification
本文证明平坦紧Kähler流形具有Frobenius流形结构，并据此完成分类，涵盖Calabi–Yau流形、复环面等，同时证明Chern猜想并揭示其与theta函数的联系。
We study Frobenius manifolds of rank three and dimension one that are related to submanifolds of certain Frobenius manifolds arising in mirror symmetry of elliptic orbifolds. We classify such Frobenius manifolds that are defined over an arbitrary field $\mathbb{K} \subset \mathbb{C}$ via the theory of modular forms. By an arithmetic property of an elliptic curve $\mathbb{E}_τ$ defined over $\mathbb K$ associated to such a Frobenius manifold, it is proved that there are only two such Frobenius manifolds defined over $\mathbb C$ satisfying a certain symmetry assumption and thirteen Frobenius man…
We introduce the operation of forming the tensor product in the theory of analytic Frobenius manifolds. Building on the results for formal Frobenius manifolds which we extend to the additional structures of Euler fields and flat identities, we prove that the tensor product of pointed germs of Frobenius manifolds exists. Furthermore, we define the notion of a tensor product diagram of Frobenius manifolds with factorizable flat identity and prove the existence such a diagram and hence a tensor product Frobenius manifold. These diagrams and manifolds are unique up to equivalence. Finally, we deri…
We introduce and study a superversion of Dubrovin's notion of semisimple Frobenius manifolds. We establish a correspondence between semisimple Frobenius (super)manifolds and special solutions to the (supersymmetric) Schlesinger equations. Finally, we calculate the Schlesinger initial conditions for solutions describing quantum cohomology of projective spaces.
In this paper we study the relation between the Frobenius manifolds of GW theory and Hurwitz-Frobenius manifold. We prove that orbifold GW theory of \PP^1(2,2,2,2) is isomorphic to the submanifold in the Hurwitz-Frobenius manifold of ramified coverings of the sphere by the genus 1 curve with the ramification profile (2,2,2,2) over infinity.
We explain the homological relation between the Frobenius structure on the deformation space of Calabi-Yau manifold and the gauge theory of Kodaira-Spencer gravity. We show that the genus zero generating function of descendant invariants on Calabi-Yau manifolds from Barannikov's semi-infinite variation of Hodge structures is equivalent to the Kodaira-Spencer gauge theory at tree level.
It is known that generalized deformation in the sense of Hitchin-Gaultieri is a geometric realization of the degree-2 component of Kontsevich-Barannikov's homological approach to extended deformation. Through extended deformation, one associates a Frobenius structure to the extended moduli space. In this notes, we prove that on primary Kodaira manifolds the restriction of the Frobenius structure on the degree-2 component of the extended moduli space is trivial. It generalizes the author's past observation on Kodaira surface.
We introduce a class of k-potential submanifolds in pseudo-Euclidean spaces and prove that for an arbitrary positive integer k and an arbitrary nonnegative integer p, each N-dimensional Frobenius manifold can always be locally realized as an N-dimensional k-potential submanifold in ((k + 1) N + p)-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean spaces of certain signatures. For k = 1 this construction was proposed by the present author in a previous paper (2006). The realization of concrete Frobenius manifolds is reduced to solving a consistent linear system of second-order partial differential equations.
We formulate some conjectures that relates semisimple Frobenius manifolds, their spectral curves and integrable hierarchies.
Let π: V \rightarrow M be a (real or holomorphic) vector bundle whose base has an almost Frobenius structure (\circ_{M},e_{M}, g_{M}) and typical fiber has the structure of a Frobenius algebra (\circ_{V},e_{V},g_{V}). Using a connection D on the bundle V and a morphism α: V \rightarrow TM, we construct an almost Frobenius structure (\circ,e_{V},g) on the manifold V and we study when it is Frobenius. We describe all (real) positive-definite Frobenius structures on V, obtained in this way, when M is a semisimple Frobenius manifold with non-vanishing rotation coefficients. In the holomorphic sett…
In our previous article we have proposed that the Virasoro algebra controls the quantum cohomology of Fano varieties at all genera. In this paper we construct a free field description of Virasoro operators and quantum cohomology. We shall show that to each even (odd) homology class of a Kähler manifold we have a free bosonic (fermionic) field and Virasoro operators are given by a simple bilinear form of these fields. We shall show that the Virasoro condition correctly reproduces the Gromov-Witten invariants also in the case of manifolds with non-vanishing non-analytic classes ($h^{p,q}\not=0,p…
Dubrovin establishes the relationship between the GUE partition function and the partition function of Gromov--Witten invariants of the complex projective line. In this paper, we give a direct proof of Dubrovin's result. We also present in a diagram the recent progress on topological gravity and matrix gravity.
These notes are based on a sequence of five lectures given to graduate students. The main goal is to prove the so-called Painleve property for semi-simple Frobenius manifolds.
The goal of this paper is to introduce the notion of $G$-Frobenius manifolds for any finite group $G$. This work is motivated by the fact that any $G$-Frobenius algebra yields an ordinary Frobenius algebra by taking its $G$-invariants. We generalize this on the level of Frobenius manifolds. To define a $G$-Frobenius manifold as a braided-commutative generalization of the ordinary commutative Frobenius manifold, we develop the theory of $G$-braided spaces. These are defined as $G$-graded $G$-modules with certain braided-commutative "rings of functions", generalizing the commutative rings of pow…
Kontsevich suggested that the Landau-Ginzburg model presents a good formalism for homological mirror symmetry. In this paper we propose to investigate the LG theory from the viewpoint of Koopman-von Neumann's construction. New advances are thus provided, namely regarding a conjecture of Kontsevich-Soibelman (on a version of the Strominger-Yau-Zaslow mirror problem). We show that there exists a Monge-Ampère domain Y, generated by a space of probability densities parametrising mirror dual Calabi-Yau manifolds. This provides torus fibrations over Y. The mirror pairs are obtained via the Berglund-…
We consider the construction of Frobenius manifolds associated to projective special geometry and analyse the dependence on choices involved. In particular, we prove that the underlying F-manifold is canonical. We then apply this construction to integrable systems of Hitchin type.
We show that the Frobenius manifold associated to the pair of a cusp singularity and it's canonical primitive form is isomorphic to the one constructed from the Gromov--Witten theory for an orbifold projective line with at most three orbifold points. We also calculate the intersection form of the Frobenius manifold.
We construct a generalization of the variations of Hodge structures on Calabi-Yau manifolds. It gives a Mirror partner for the theory of genus=0 Gromov-Witten invariants
The existence of universal unfoldings of certain germs of meromorphic connections is established. This is used to prove a general construction theorem for Frobenius manifolds. A particular case is Dubrovin's theorem on semisimple Frobenius manifolds. Another special case starts with variations of Hodge structures. This case is used to compare two constructions of Frobenius manifolds, the one in singularity theory and the Barannikov-Kontsevich construction. For homogeneous polynomials which give Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces certain Frobenius submanifolds in both constructions are isomorphic.
We introduce a class of potential submanifolds in pseudo-Euclidean spaces (each N-dimensional potential submanifold is a special flat torsionless submanifold in a 2N-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space) and prove that each N-dimensional Frobenius manifold can be locally represented as an N-dimensional potential submanifold. We show that all potential submanifolds bear natural special structures of Frobenius algebras on their tangent spaces. These special Frobenius structures are generated by the corresponding flat first fundamental form and the set of the second fundamental forms of the submani…
We study critical behaviour and connection problem for a Painleve' 6 equation. We construct solutions of WDVV eqs. using the isomonodromic deformation method and the Painleve' equations. We find algebraic solutions of WDVV and Gromov-Witten invariants of projective space.
We construct a functor from the derived category of homotopy Gerstenhaber algebras with finite-dimensional cohomology to the purely geometric category of so-called $F_{\infty}$-manifolds. The latter contains Frobenius manifolds as a subcategory (so that a pointed Frobenius manifold is itself a homotopy Gerstenhaber algebra). If a homotopy Gerstenhaber algebra happens to be formal as a $L_{\infty}$-algebra, then its $F_{\infty}$-manifold comes equipped with the Gauss-Manin connection. Mirror Symmetry implications are discussed.
A construction theorem for Frobenius manifolds with logarithmic poles is established. This is a generalization of a theorem of Hertling and Manin. As an application we prove a generalization of the reconstruction theorem of Kontsevich and Manin for projective smooth varieties with convergent Gromov-Witten potential. A second application is a construction of Frobenius manifolds out of a variation of polarized Hodge structures which degenerates along a normal crossing divisor when certain generation conditions are fulfilled.
The orbits space of an irreducible representation of a finite group is a variety whose coordinate ring is finitely generated by homogeneous invariant polynomials. Boris Dubrovin showed that the orbits spaces of the reflection groups acquire the structure of polynomial Frobenius manifolds. Dubrovin's method to construct examples of Frobenius manifolds on orbits spaces was carried for other linear representations of discrete groups which have in common that the coordinate rings of the the orbits spaces are polynomial rings. In this article, we show that the orbits space of an irreducible represe…
We propose a new construction of an integrable hierarchy associated to any infinite series of Frobenius manifolds satisfying a certain stabilization condition. We study these hierarchies for Frobenius manifolds associated to $A_N$, $D_N$ and $B_N$ singularities. In the case of $A_N$ Frobenius manifolds our hierarchy turns out to coincide with the KP hierarchy; for $B_N$ Frobenius manifolds it coincides with the BKP hierarchy; and for $D_N$ hierarchy it is a certain reduction of the 2-component BKP hierarchy. As a side product to these results we illustrate the enumerative meaning of certain co…
The paper studies three classes of Frobenius manifolds: Quantum Cohomology (topological sigma-models), unfolding spaces of singularities (K. Saito's theory, Landau-Ginzburg models), and the recent Barannikov-Kontsevich construction starting with the Dolbeault complex of a Calabi-Yau manifold and conjecturally producing the B--side of the Mirror Conjecture in arbitrary dimension. Each known construction provides the relevant Frobenius manifold with an extra structure which can be thought of as a version of ``non-linear cohomology''. The comparison of thesestructures sheds some light on the gene…
We prove that the Frobenius structure constructed from the Gromov-Witten theory for an orbifold projective line with at most three orbifold points is uniquely determined by the WDVV equations with certain natural initial conditions.
A Frobenius manifold is a manifold with a flat metric and a Frobenius algebra structure on tangent spaces at points of the manifold such that the structure constants of multiplication are given by third derivatives of a potential function on the manifold with respect to flat coordinates. In this paper we present a modification of that notion coming from the theory of arrangements of hyperplanes. Namely, given natural numbers $n>k$, we have a flat $n$-dimensional manifold and a vector space $V$ with a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form and an algebra structure on $V$, depending on points of …
We prove results that, for a certain class of non-compact Calabi-Yau threefolds, relate the Frobenius action on their $p$-adic cohomology to the Frobenius action on the $p$-adic cohomology of the corresponding curves. In the appendix, we describe our interpretation of the Griffiths-Dwork method.
Let $f,g:\cc^2\ra\cc$ be two quasi-homogeneous polynomials. We compute the $V$-filtration of the restriction of $f$ to any plane curve $C_t=g^{-1}(t)$ and show that the Gorenstein generator $dx\wedge dy/dg$ is a primitive form. Using results of A. Douai and C. Sabbah, we conclude that base space of the miniversal unfolding of $f_t:=f|_{C_t}$ is a Frobenius manifold. At the singular fibre $C_0$ we obtain a non-massive Frobenius manifold.
We construct a Frobenius structure whose intersection form coincides with the generalized Cartan matrix of the $\ell$-Kronecker quiver $K_{\ell}$ and underlying complex manifold is isomorphic to the space of stability conditions for the bounded derived category of finitely generated modules over the path algebra $\mathbb{C} K_{\ell}$.
We prove that the Frobenius structure constructed from the Gromov-Witten theory for an orbifold projective line with at most $r$ orbifold points is uniquely determined by the WDVV equations with certain natural initial conditions.
Frobenius manifold structures on the spaces of abelian integrals were constructed by I. Krichever. We use D-modules, deformation theory, and homological algebra to give a coordinate-free description of these structures. It turns out that the tangent sheaf multiplication has a cohomological origin, while the Levi-Civita connection is related to 1-dimensional isomonodromic deformations.
We study linear functions on fibrations whose central fibre is a linear free divisor. We analyse the Gauss-Manin system associated to these functions, and prove the existence of a primitive and homogenous form. As a consequence, we show that the base space of the semi-universal unfolding of such a function carries a Frobenius manifold structure.
We review progress on the generalized Witten conjecture and some of its major ingredients. This conjecture states that certain intersection numbers on the moduli space of higher spin curves assemble into the logarithm of the tau function of a semiclassical limit of the r-th Gelfand-Dickey (or KdV_r) hierarchy. Additionally, we prove that tensor products of the Frobenius manifolds associated to such hierarchies admit a geometric interpretation in terms of moduli spaces of higher spin structures. We also elaborate upon the analogy to Gromov-Witten invariants of a smooth, projective variety.
We construct some extension ({\it Stable Field Theory}) of Cohomological Field Theory. The Stable Field Theory is a system of homomorphisms to some vector spaces generated by spheres and disks with punctures. It is described by a formal tensor series, satisfying to some system of "differential equations". In points of convergence the tensor series generate special noncommutative analogues of Frobenius algebras, describing 'Open-Closed' Topological Field Theories.
It is one of the most important problems in mirror symmetry to obtain functorially Frobenius manifolds from smooth compact Calabi-Yau $A_\infty$-categories. This paper gives an approach to this problem based on the theory of primitive forms. Under an assumption on the formality of a certain homotopy algebra, a formal primitive form for a smooth compact Calabi-Yau dg algebra can be constructed, which enable us to have a formal Frobenius manifold.
We propose an approach via Frobenius manifolds to the study (began in math.AG/0407254) of the relation between rational Gromov-Witten invariants of nonabelian quotients X//G and those of the corresponding ``abelianized'' quotients X//T, for T a maximal torus in G. The ensuing conjecture expresses the Gromov-Witten potential of X//G in terms of the potential of X//T. We prove this conjecture when the nonabelian quotients are partial flag manifolds.
The base space of a semi-universal unfolding of a hypersurface singularity carries a rich geometric structure, which was axiomatized as a CDV-structure by C. Hertling. For any CDV-structure on a Frobenius manifold M, the pull-back of the (1,0)-tangent bundle of M to the product of M by the complex line carries two natural holomorphic structures equipped with flat meromorphic connections. We show that, for any semi-simple CDV-structure, there is a formal isomorphism between these two bundles compatible with connections. Moreover, if we assume that the super-symmetric index Q vanishes, we give a…
Hurwitz spaces parameterizing covers of the Riemann sphere can be equipped with a Frobenius structure. In this review, we recall the construction of such Hurwitz Frobenius manifolds as well as the correspondence between semisimple Frobenius manifolds and the topological recursion formalism. We then apply this correspondence to Hurwitz Frobenius manifolds by explaining that the corresponding primary invariants can be obtained as periods of multidifferentials globally defined on a compact Riemann surface by topological recursion. Finally, we use this construction to reply to the following questi…
We analyse the consequences of the Virasoro conjecture of Eguchi, Hori and Xiong for Gromov-Witten invariants, in the case of zero degree maps to the manifolds CP^1 and CP^2 (or more generally, smooth projective curves and smooth simply-connected projective surfaces). We obtain predictions involving intersections of psi and lambda classes on the compactification of M_{g,n}. In particular, we show that the Virasoro conjecture for CP^2 implies the numerical part of Faber's conjecture on the tautological Chow ring of M_g.
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