This is a continuation of the series of notes on the dynamics of quadratic polynomials. We show the following
Rigidity Theorem: Any combinatorial class contains at most one quadratic polynomial satisfying the secondary limbs condition with a-priori bounds.
As a corollary, such maps are combinatorially and topologically rigid, and as a consequence, the Mandelbrot set is locally connected at the correspoinding parameter values.
We consider a class of foliations on the complex projective plane that are determined by a quadratic vector field in a fixed affine neighborhood. Such foliations, as a rule, have an invariant line at infinity. Two foliations with singularities on $\mathbb C P^2$ are topologically equivalent provided that there exists a homeomorphism of the projective plane onto itself that preserves orientation both on the leaves and in $\mathbb C P^2$ and brings the leaves of the first foliation to that of the second one. We prove that a generic foliation of this class may be topologically equivalent to but a…
We prove combinatorial rigidity of infinitely renormalizable unicritical polynomials, P_c :z \mapsto z^d+c, with complex c, under the a priori bounds and a certain "combinatorial condition". This implies the local connectivity of the connectedness loci (the Mandelbrot set when d = 2) at the corresponding parameters.
We give an algebraic proof of an important consequence of Thurston rigidity for bicritical PCF polynomials with periodic critical points under certain mild assumptions. The key result is that when the family of bicritical polynomials is parametrized using dynamical Belyi polynomials, the PCF solutions are integral at certain special primes, which we term ``index divisor free primes.'' We prove the existence of index divisor free primes in all but finitely many cases and conjecture the complete list of exceptions. These primes are then used to prove transversality.
We prove that any unicritical polynomial $f_c:z\mapsto z^d+c$ which is at most finitely renormalizable and has only repelling periodic points is combinatorially rigid. It implies that the connectedness locus (the ``Multibrot set'') is locally connected at the corresponding parameter values. It generalizes Yoccoz's Theorem for quadratics to the higher degree case.
We prove that if a Borel probability measure (μ) on (\T) is invariant under the action of a "large" multiplicative semigroup (lower logarithmic density is positive) and the action of the whole semigroup is ergodic then (μ) is either Lebesgue or has finite support.
A while ago MLC (the conjecture that the Mandelbrot set is locally connected) was proven for quasi-hyperbolic points by Douady and Hubbard, and for boundaries of hyperbolic components by Yoccoz. More recently Yoccoz proved MLC for all at most finitely renormalizable parameter values. One of our goals is to prove MLC for some infinitely renormalizable parameter values. Loosely speaking, we need all renormalizations to have bounded combinatorial rotation number (assumption C1) and sufficiently high combinatorial type (assumption C2). For real quadratic polynomials of bounded combinatorial type t…
We prove that topologically conjugate non-renormalizable polynomials are quasi-conformally conjugate. From this we derive that each such polynomial can be approximated by a hyperbolic polynomial. As a by product we prove that the Julia set of a non-renormalizable polynomials with only hyperbolic periodic points is locally connected, and the Branner-Hubbard conjecture. The main tools are the enhanced nest construction (developed in a previous joint paper with Weixiao Shen) and a lemma of Kahn and Lyubich (for which we give an elementary proof in the real case).
We introduce the notion of a one-way horseshoe and show that the polynomial entropy of an interval map is given by one-way horseshoes of iterates of the map, obtaining in such a way an analogue of Misiurewicz's theorem on topological entropy and standard `two-way' horseshoes. Moreover, if the map is of Sharkovskii type 1 then its polynomial entropy can also be computed by what we call chains of essential intervals. As a consequence we get a rigidity result that if the polynomial entropy of an interval map is finite, then it is an integer. We also describe the possible values of polynomial entr…
Given $C^2$ infinitely renormalizable unimodal maps $f$ and $g$ with a quadratic critical point and the same bounded combinatorial type, we prove that they are $C^{1+α}$ conjugate along the closure of the corresponding forward orbits of the critical points, for some $α>0$.
It is shown that for non-hyperbolic real quadratic polynomials topological and quasisymmetric conjugacy classes are the same. By quasiconformal rigidity, each class has only one representative in the quadratic family, which proves that hyperbolic maps are dense.
The goal of this article is to prove a rigidity result for unicritical polynomials with parabolic cycles. More precisely, we show that if two unicritical polynomials have conformally conjugate parabolic germs, then the polynomials are affinely conjugate.
For an infinitely renormalizable quadratic map $f_c: z\mapsto z^2+c$ with the sequence of renormalization periods ${k_m}$ and rotation numbers ${t_m=p_m/q_m}, we prove that if $\limsup k_m^{-1}\log |p_m|>0$, then the Mandelbrot set is locally connected at $c$. We prove also that if $\limsup |t_{m+1}|^{1/q_m}<1$ and $q_m\to \infty$, then the Julia set of $f_c$ is not locally connected and the Mandelbrot set is locally connected at $c$ provided that all the renormalizations are non-primitive (satellite). This quantifies a construction of A. Douady and J. Hubbard, and weakens a condition proposed…
We study rational self-maps of $\mathbb{P}^{1}$ whose critical points all have finite forward orbit. Thurston's rigidity theorem states that outside a single well-understood family, there are finitely many such maps over $\mathbb{C}$ of fixed degree and critical orbit length. We provide an algebraic proof of this fact for tamely ramified maps for which at least one of the critical points is periodic. We also produce wildly ramified counterexamples.
We show that the Vojta (or Hall-Lang) conjecture implies that the arboreal Galois representations in a 1-parameter family of quadratic polynomials are surjective if and only if they surject onto some finite and uniform quotient. As an application, we use the Vojta conjecture, our uniformity theorem over $\mathbb{Q}(t)$, and Hilbert's irreducibility theorem to prove that the prime divisors of many quadratic orbits have density zero.
We study rigidity of rational maps that come from Newton's root finding method for polynomials of arbitrary degrees. We establish dynamical rigidity of these maps: each point in the Julia set of a Newton map is either rigid (i.e. its orbit can be distinguished in combinatorial terms from all other orbits), or the orbit of this point eventually lands in the filled-in Julia set of a polynomial-like restriction of the original map. As a corollary, we show that the Julia sets of Newton maps in many non-trivial cases are locally connected; in particular, every cubic Newton map without Siegel points…
In this work we consider holomorphic foliations of degree two on the projective plane $\mathbb{P}^2$ having an invariant line. In a suitable choice of affine coordinates these foliations are induced by a quadratic vector field over the affine part in such a way that the invariant line corresponds to the line at infinity. We say that two such foliations are topologically equivalent provided there exists a homeomorphism of $\mathbb{P}^2$ which brings the leaves of one foliation onto the leaves of the other and preserves orientation both on the ambient space and on the leaves. The main result of …
In this paper, we give a positive answer to the open question: Can there exist 4 limit cycles in quadratic near-integrable polynomial systems? It is shown that when a quadratic integrable system has two centers and is perturbed by quadratic polynomials, it can generate at least 4 limit cycles with (3,1) distribution. The method of Melnikov function is used.
We present an example of a fibred quadratic polynomial admitting an attracting invariant 2-curve. By an unfolding construction we obtain an example of a fibred quadratic polynomial admitting two attracting invariant curves. This phenomena can not occur in the non-fibred setting.
We extend Sullivan's complex a priori bounds to real quadratic polynomials with essentially bounded combinatorics. Combined with the previous results of the first author, this yields complex bounds for all real quadratics. Local connectivity of the corresponding Julia sets follows.
This work studies combinatorics and geometry of the Yoccoz puzzle for quadratic polynomials. It is proven that the moduli of the ``principal nest'' of annuli grow at linear rate. As a corollary we obtain complex a priori bounds and local connectivity of the Julia set for many infinitely renormalizable quadratics.
We discuss computability of impressions of prime ends of compact sets. In particular, we construct quadratic Julia sets which possess explicitly described non-computable impressions.
Given any rational map $f$, there is a lamination by Riemann surfaces associated to $f$. Such laminations were constructed in general by Lyubich and Minsky. In this paper, we classify laminations associated to quadratic polynomials with periodic critical point. In particular, we prove that the topology of such laminations determines the combinatorics of the parameter. We also describe the topology of laminations associated to other types of quadratic polynomials.
In this note, we consider the following two families of quadratic polynomials $S_{a,c}(x) = a - cx^2$ and $T_{a,c}(x) = a - c(1 + x^2)$ and show that their respective period-3 orbits live very different lives.
In this paper we prove the existence and uniqueness of matings of the basilica with any quadratic polynomial which lies outside of the 1/2-limb of M, is non-renormalizable, and does not have any non-repelling periodic orbits.
Let f be an infinitely-renormalizable quadratic polynomial and J_\infty be the intersection of forward orbits of "small" Julia sets of simple renormalizations of f. We prove that J_\infty contains no hyperbolic sets.
We consider skew-products of quadratic maps over certain Misiurewicz-Thurston maps and study their statistical properties. We prove that, when the coupling function is a polynomial of odd degree, such a system admits two positive Lyapunov exponents almost everywhere and a unique absolutely continuous invariant probability measure.
For a Hénon map $H$ in $\mathbb{C}^2$, we characterize the polynomial automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^2$ which keep any fixed level set of the Green function of $H$ completely invariant. The interior of any non-zero sublevel set of the Green function of a Hénon map turns out to be a Short $\mathbb{C}^2$ and as a consequence of our characterization, it follows that there exists no polynomial automorphism apart from possibly the affine automorphisms which acts as an automorphism on any of these Short $\mathbb{C}^2$'s. Further, we prove that if any two level sets of the Green functions of a pair of …
Bounding the number of preperiodic points of quadratic polynomials with rational coefficients is one case of the Uniform Boundedness Conjecture in arithmetic dynamics. Here, we provide a general framework that may reduce finding periodic points of such polynomials over Galois extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ to finding periodic points over the rationals. Furthermore, we present evidence that there are no such polynomials (up to linear conjugation) with periodic points of exact period 5 in quadratic fields by searching for points on an algebraic curve that classifies quadratic periodic points of exac…
In this paper we describe the well studied process of renormalization of quadratic polynomials from the point of view of their natural extensions. In particular, we describe the topology of the inverse limit of infinitely renormalizable quadratic polynomials and prove that when they satisfy a-priori bounds, the topology is rigid modulo its combinatorics.
We describe the iterated monodromy groups associated with post-critically finite quadratic polynomials, and explicit their connection to the `kneading sequence' of the polynomial. We then give recursive presentations by generators and relations for these groups, and study some of their properties, like torsion and `branchness'.
We show that the algebraic curve $a_0(x)(y-r(x))+p_2(x)a'(x)=0,$ where $r(x)$ and $p_2(x)$ are polynomial of degree 1 and 2 respectively and $a_0(x)$ is a polynomial solution of the convenient Fucsh's equation, is an invariant curve of the quadratic planar differential system. We study the particular case when $a_0(x)$ is an orthogonal polynomials. We prove that that in this case the quadratic differential system is Liouvillian integrable.
