Hiroshige Shiga, Harumi Tanigawa
Let $K(X)$ denote the set of projective structures on a compact Riemann surface $X$ whose holonomy representations are discrete. We will show that each component of the interior of $K(X)$ is holomorphically equivalent to a complex submanifold of the product of Teichmüller spaces and the holonomy representation of every projective structure in the interior of $K(X)$ is a quasifuchsian group.
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In this paper, we consider projective deformation of the geodesic system of Finsler spaces by holonomy invariant functions: Starting by a Finsler spray $S$ and a holonomy invariant function $P$, we investigate the metrizability property of the projective deformation $\widetilde{S}=S-2λP C$. We prove that for any holonomy invariant nontrivial function $P$ and for almost every value $λ\in R$, such deformation is not Finsler metrizable. We identify the cases where such deformation can lead to a metrizable spray: in these cases, the holonomy invariant function is necessarily one of the principal c…
The object of this article is to compute the holonomy group of the normal connection of complex parallel submanifolds of the complex projective space. We also give a new proof of the classification of complex parallel submanifolds by using a normal holonomy approach. Indeed, we explain how these submanifolds can be regarded as the unique complex orbits of the (projectivized) isotropy representation of an irreducible Hermitian symmetric space. Moreover, we show how these important submanifolds are related to other areas of mathematics and theoretical physics. Finally, we state a conjecture abou…
We study the limits of holonomy representations of complex projective structures on a compact Riemann surface in the Morgan-Shalen compactification of the character variety. We show that the dual R-trees of the quadratic differentials associated to a divergent sequence of projective structures determine the Morgan-Shalen limit points up to a natural folding operation. For quadratic differentials with simple zeros, no folding is possible and the limit of holonomy representations is isometric to the dual tree. We also derive an estimate for the growth rate of the holonomy map in terms of a norm …
Grafting of real projective surfaces with Hitchin holonomy
本文研究了实射影表面上的可嫁接曲线，在Hitchin情况下构造了可嫁接曲线，并展示了相同Hitchin丛形和权重类型的结构通过多嫁接相互关联。
For a given quasi-Fuchsian representation $ρ:π_1(S)\to$ PSL$_2\mathbb{C}$ of the fundamental group of a closed surface $S$ of genus $g\geq 2$, we prove that a generic branched complex projective structure on $S$ with holonomy $ρ$ and two branch points is obtained by bubbling some unbranched structure on $S$ with the same holonomy.
A Schottky group in PSL(2, C) induces an open hyperbolic handlebody and its ideal boundary is a closed orientable surface S whose genus is equal to the rank of the Schottky group. This boundary surface is equipped with a (complex) projective structure and its holonomy representation is an epimorphism from pi_1(S) to the Schottky group. We will show that an arbitrary projective structure with the same holonomy representation is obtained by (2 pi-)grafting the basic structure described above.
The aim of this paper and its prequel is to introduce and classify the irreducible holonomy algebras of the projective Tractor connection. This is achieved through the construction of a `projective cone', a Ricci-flat manifold one dimension higher whose affine holonomy is equal to the Tractor holonomy of the underlying manifold. This paper uses the result to enable the construction of manifolds with each possible holonomy algebra.
A study is made of 4-dimensional Lorentz manifolds which are projectively related, that is, whose Levi-Civita connections give rise to the same (unparameterised) geodesics. A brief review of some relevant recent work is provided and a list of new results connecting projective relatedness and the holonomy type of the Lorentz manifold in question is given. This necessitates a review of the possible holonomy groups for such manifolds which, in turn, requires a certain convenient classification of the associated curvature tensors. These reviews are provided.
A theorem of Lawson and Simons states that the only stable minimal submanifolds in complex projective spaces are complex submanifolds. We generalize their result to the cases of quaternionic and octonionic projective spaces. Our approach gives a unified viewpoint towards conformal and projective geometries.
We prove a Berger type theorem for the normal holonomy group (i.e., the holonomy group of the normal connection) of a full complete complex submanifold of the complex projective space. Namely, if the normal holonomy does not act transitively, then the submanifold is the complex orbit, in the complex projective space, of the isotropy representation of an irreducible Hermitian symmetric space of rank greater or equal to 3. Moreover, we show that for complete irreducible complex submanifolds of the complex Euclidean space the normal holonomy is generic, i.e., it acts transitively on the unit sphe…
The holonomy of spherically symmetric projective Finsler metrics of constant curvature
本文证明常曲率球对称射影 Finsler 度量的完整群极大，并在单连通情形下同构于 $Diff_o({\mathbb S^{n-1}})$，首次显式刻画了非 Berwald 的 n 维 Finsler 流形完整群。
We describe a general geometrical construction of spherical CR structures. We construct then spherical CR structures on the complement of the figure eight knot and the Whitehead link. They have discrete holonomies contained in $PU(2,1,{\bf Z}[ω])$ and $PU(2,1,{\bf Z}[i])$ respectively. These are the same ring of integers appearing in the real hyperbolic geometry of the corresponding links.
In this paper we investigate the properties of the real and complex projective structures associated to Hitchin and quasi-Hitchin representations that were originally constructed using Guichard-Wienhard's theory of domains of discontinuity. We determine the topology of the underlying manifolds and we prove that some of these geometric structures are fibered in a special standard way. In order to prove these results, we give two new ways to construct these geometric structures: we construct them using gauge theory, flat bundles and Higgs bundles, and we also give a new geometric way to construc…
In this paper, we construct the moduli space of marked oper structures on a closed, oriented smooth surface of negative Euler characteristic as a holomorphic fiber bundle over Teichmüller space. We prove that the holonomy map from the space of marked oper structures to the moduli space of reductive flat bundles is a holomorphic immersion, generalizing the known results for the moduli space of marked complex projective structures. Finally, we prove that the symplectic structure on the moduli space of marked complex projective structures extends to a pre-symplectic structure on the moduli space …
We show that any dimension $6$ nearly Kähler (or nearly para-Kähler) geometry arises as a projective manifold equipped with a $\textrm{G}_2^{(*)}$ holonomy reduction. In the converse direction we show that if a projective manifold is equipped with a parallel $7$-dimensional cross product on its standard tractor bundle then the manifold is: a Riemannian nearly Kähler manifold, if the cross product is definite, otherwise, if the cross product has the other algebraic type, the manifold is in general stratified with nearly Kähler and nearly para-Kähler parts separated by a hypersurface which canon…
This is a survey of the theory of complex projective (CP^1) structures on compact surfaces. After some preliminary discussion and definitions, we concentrate on three main topics: (1) Using the Schwarzian derivative to parameterize the moduli space (2) Thurston's parameterization of the moduli space using grafting (3) Holonomy representations of CP^1 structures We also discuss some results comparing the two parameterizations of the space of projective structures and relating these parameterizations to the holonomy map.
We study a class of continuous deformations of branched complex projective structures on closed surfaces of genus $g\geq 2$, which preserve the holonomy representation of the structure and the order of the branch points. In the case of non-elementary holonomy we show that when the underlying complex structure is infinitesimally preserved the branch points are necessarily arranged on a canonical divisor, and we establish a partial converse for hyperelliptic structures.
The aim of this paper and its sequel is to introduce and classify the holonomy algebras of the projective Tractor connection. After a brief historical background, this paper presents and analyses the projective Cartan and Tractor connections, the various structures they can preserve, and their geometric interpretations. Preserved subbundles of the Tractor bundle generate foliations with Ricci-flat leaves. Contact- and Einstein-structures arise from other reductions of the Tractor holonomy, as do U(1) and $Sp(1, \mathbb{H})$ bundles over a manifold of smaller dimension.
We show that the simultaneous (de)grafting of a complex projective structure with quasi-Fuchsian holonomy along a multicurve can be performed by a simple sequence of one bubbling and one debubbling. As a consequence we obtain that any complex projective structure with quasi-Fuchsian holonomy $ρ:π_1(S)\to$ PSL$_2\mathbb{C}$ can be joined to the corresponding uniformizing structure $σ_ρ$ by a simple sequence of one bubbling and one debubbling, with a stopover in the space of branched complex projective structures.
We show that the standard definitions of Sasaki structures have elegant and simplifying interpretations in terms of projective differential geometry. For Sasaki-Einstein structures we use projective geometry to provide a resolution of such structures into geometrically less rigid components; the latter elemental components are separately, complex, orthogonal, and symplectic holonomy reductions of the canonical projective tractor/Cartan connection. This leads to a characterisation of Sasaki-Einstein structures as projective structures with certain unitary holonomy reductions. As an immediate ap…
We prove that a maximal totally complex submanifold $N^{2n}$ of the quaternionic projective space $\mathbb{H}\mathbb{P}^n$ ($n\geq 2$) is a parallel submanifold, provided one of the following conditions is satisfied: (1) $N$ is the orbit of a compact Lie group of isometries, (2) the restricted normal holonomy is a proper subgroup of ${\rm U}(n)$.
Let $S$ be a closed oriented surface of genus at least two. Gallo, Kapovich, and Marden asked if 2π-graftings produce all projective structures on $S$ with arbitrarily fixed holonomy (Grafting Conjecture). In this paper, we show that the conjecture holds true "locally" in the space $GL$ of geodesic laminations on $S$ via a natural projection of projective structures on $S$ into $GL$ in the Thurston coordinates. In the sequel paper, using this local solution, we prove the conjecture for generic holonomy.
Let $S$ be a closed oriented surface of genus $g\geq 2$. Fix an arbitrary non-elementary representation $ρ\colonπ_1(S)\to {\rm SL}_2(\mathbb{C})$ and consider all marked (complex) projective structures on $S$ with holonomy $ρ$. We show that their underlying conformal structures are dense in the moduli space of $S$.
In this note, we prove that the holonomy map from the set of equivalence classes of projective structures of parabolic type on non compact surfaces to the set of equivalence classes of parabolic representations of the fundamental group of the surface to P SL 2 (C) is a local biholomorphism.
Complex quaternionic manifolds and c-projective structures
本文研究复四元数流形与c-投影结构，通过四元数Feix-Kaledin构造，证明实解析连接诱导出特定holonomy的连接，并刻画了特定的$U^*(2n)$连接。
Grafting is a surgery on Riemann surfaces introduced by Thurston which connects hyperbolic geometry and the theory of projective structures on surfaces. We will discuss the space of projective structures in terms of the Thurston's geometric parametrization given by grafting. From this approach we will prove that on any compact Riemann surface with genus greater than $1$ there exist infinitely many projective structures with Fuchsian holonomy representations. In course of the proof it will turn out that grafting is closely related to harmonic maps between surfaces.
In this article we give a geometric interpretation of the Hitchin component for PSL(4,R) in the representation variety of a closed oriented surface of higher genus. We show that representations in the Hitchin component are precisely the holonomy representations of properly convex foliated projective structures on the unit tangent bundle of the surface. From this we also deduce a geometric description of the Hitchin component the symplectic group PSp(4,R).
We study the existence of invariant metrics with holonomy $G_{2(2)}^* \subset SO(4,3)$ on compact nilmanifolds, i.e. on compact quotients of nilpotent Lie groups by discrete subgroups. We prove that, up to isomorphism, there exists only one indecomposable nilpotent Lie algebra admitting a torsion-free $G_{2(2)}^*$-structure such that the center is definite with respect to the induced inner product. In particular, we show that the associated compact nilmanifold admits a 3-parameter family of invariant metrics with full holonomy $G_{2(2)}^*$.
We consider the discrete representations of 3-manifold groups into $PU(2,1)$ that appear in the Falbel-Koseleff-Rouillier census, such that the peripheral subgroups have cyclic unipotent holonomy. We show that two of these representations have conjugate images, even though they represent different 3-manifold groups. This illustrates the fact that a discrete representation $π_1(M)\rightarrow PU(2,1)$ with cyclic unipotent boundary holonomy is not in general the holonomy of a spherical CR uniformization of $M$.
Piecewise geodesic Jordan curves II: Loewner energy, projective structures, and accessory parameters
本文研究黎曼球面上过给定点的若尔当曲线，证明每个相对同痕类中存在唯一Loewner能量最小的分段双曲测地曲线，其配连参数为最小能量的Wirtinger导数，且所得射影结构通过π-嫁接与Fuchsian射影结构相关。
The conformal limit and projective structures
本文证明非阿贝尔 Hodge 对应与 Gaiotto 共形极限可统一为复射影结构族对双曲结构的形变，并在 Toledo 不变量为零时给出 Teichmüller 空间中的最优测地形变。
A classic theorem in the theory of connections on principal fiber bundles states that the evaluation of all holonomy functions gives enough information to characterize the bundle structure (among those sharing the same structure group and base manifold) and the connection up to a bundle equivalence map. This result and other important properties of holonomy functions has encouraged their use as the primary ingredient for the construction of families of quantum gauge theories. However, in these applications often the set of holonomy functions used is a discrete proper subset of the set of holon…
Let S be a closed orientable surface of genus at least two, and let C be an arbitrary (complex) projective structure on S. We show that there is a decomposition of S into pairs of pants and cylinders such that the restriction of C to each component has an injective developing map and a discrete and faithful holonomy representation. This decomposition implies that every projective structure can be obtained by the construction of Gallo, Kapovich, and Marden. Along the way, we show that there is an admissible loop on (S, C), along which a grafting can be done.
Branched real projective structures on surfaces and geometrisation of representations
本文引入并研究紧致曲面上的分支实射影结构，证明基本群到PSL(3,R)的每个表示均可作为其和乐表示，并探讨了分支度与第二Stiefel--Whitney类的关系。
We propose a natural discretisation scheme for classical projective minimal surfaces. We follow the classical geometric characterisation and classification of projective minimal surfaces and introduce at each step canonical discrete models of the associated geometric notions and objects. Thus, we introduce discrete analogues of classical Lie quadrics and their envelopes and classify discrete projective minimal surfaces according to the cardinality of the class of envelopes. This leads to discrete versions of Godeaux-Rozet, Demoulin and Tzitzeica surfaces. The latter class of surfaces requires …
We consider the quasiconformal dilatation of projective transformations of the real projective plane. For non-affine transformations, the contour lines of dilatation form a hyperbolic pencil of circles, and these are the only circles that are mapped to circles. We apply this result to analyze the dilatation of the circumcircle preserving piecewise projective interpolation between discretely conformally equivalent triangulations. We show that another interpolation scheme, angle bisector preserving piecewise projective interpolation, is in a sense optimal with respect to dilatation. These two in…
We prove the connectedness and calculate the diameter of the oriented graph of graftings associated to exotic complex projective structures on a compact surface S with a given holonomy representation of Fuchsian type. The oriented graph of graftings is the graph whose vertices are the equivalence classes of marked CP^1-structures on S with a given fixed holonomy, and there is an oriented edge between two structures if the second is obtained from the first by grafting.
The paper concerns discrete versions of the three well-known results of projective differential geometry: the four vertex theorem, the six affine vertex theorem and the Ghys theorem on four zeroes of the Schwarzian derivative. We study geometry of closed polygonal lines in $\bbRP^d$ and prove that polygons satisfying a certain convexity condition have at least d+1 flattenings. This result provides a new approach to the above mentioned classical theorems.
Generalising a seminal result of Epstein and Penner for cusped hyperbolic manifolds, Cooper and Long showed that each decorated strictly convex projective cusped manifold has a canonical cell decomposition. Penner used the former result to describe a natural cell decomposition of decorated Teichmüller space of punctured surfaces. We extend this cell decomposition to the moduli space of decorated strictly convex projective structures of finite volume on punctured surfaces. The proof uses Fock and Goncharov's $\mathcal{A}$-coordinates for doubly decorated structures. In addition, we describe a s…
We prove rigidity facts for groups acting on pseudo-Riemannian manifolds by preserving unparameterized geodesics.
We show that $3$-Sasaki structures admit a natural description in terms of projective differential geometry. This description provides a concrete link between $3$-Sasaki structures and several other geometries and constructions via a single unifying picture. First we establish that a $3$-Sasaki structure may be understood as a projective structure equipped with a certain holonomy reduction to the (possibly indefinite) unitary quaternionic group $\textrm{Sp}(p,q)$, namely a parallel hyperkähler structure on the projective tractor bundle satisfying a particular genericity condition. For the conv…
We present the first steps of a procedure which discretises surface theory in classical projective differential geometry in such a manner that underlying integrable structure is preserved. We propose a canonical frame in terms of which the associated projective Gauss-Weingarten and Gauss-Mainardi-Codazzi equations adopt compact forms. Based on a scaling symmetry which injects a parameter into the linear Gauss-Weingarten equations, we set down an algebraic classification scheme of discrete projective minimal surfaces which turns out to admit a geometric counterpart formulated in terms of discre…
We characterise $n$th order ODEs for which the space of solutions $M$ is equipped with a particular paraconformal structure in the sense of \cite{BE}, that is a splitting of the tangent bundle as a symmetric tensor product of rank-two vector bundles. This leads to the vanishing of $(n-2)$ quantities constructed from of the ODE. If $n=4$ the paraconformal structure is shown to be equivalent to the exotic ${\cal G}_3$ holonomy of Bryant. If $n=4$, or $n\geq 6$ and $M$ admits a torsion--free connection compatible with the paraconformal structure then the ODE is trivialisable by point or contact t…
Leaves of Foliated Projective Structures
该研究刻画了闭曲面群Hitchin分支中叶状射影结构的叶射影等价的充要条件，并应用该结果否定了Benzécri关于高维正常凸域射影类空间拓扑的经典问题。
On the structure of compact Kähler manifolds with nonnegative holomorphic sectional curvature
本文研究具有非负全纯截面曲率的紧凯勒流形，通过建立完整和原理的伪有效版本，证明在无真正平坦切向量等条件下流形必为射影且有理连通，从而回答了 Matsumura-Yang 问题并推广了 Yau 猜想，同时分类了非射影三维情形并推广到正实双截面曲率度量。
There is a canonical identification, due to the author, of a convex real projective structure on an orientable surface of genus g and a pair consisting of a conformal structure together with a holomorphic cubic differential on the surface. The Deligne-Mumford compactification of the moduli space of curves then suggests a partial compactification of the moduli space of convex real projective structures: Allow the Riemann surface to degenerate to a stable nodal curve on which there is a regular cubic differential. We construct convex real projective structures on open surfaces corresponding to t…
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