Degenerations, contractions and deformations of various algebraic structures play an important role in mathematics and physics. There are many different definitions and special cases of these notions. We try to give a general definition which unifies these notions and shows the connections among them. Here we focus on contractions of Lie algebras and algebraic groups.
We study contraction of points on $\mathbb{P}^1(\bar{\mathbb{Q}})$ with certain control on local ramification indices, with application to the unramified curve correspondences problem initiated by Bogomolov and Tschinkel.
This paper has been withdrawn by the author. It is not true that plt blow-up of toric singularity is toric (in dimension 3 too) and the first main theorem is incorrect also. The error is in deformation argument. I am grateful to Ivan Cheltsov for discussions.
Recently, E.Feigin introduced a very interesting contraction $\mathfrak q$ of a semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$ (see arXiv:1007.0646 and arXiv:1101.1898). We prove that these non-reductive Lie algebras retain good invariant-theoretic properties of $\mathfrak g$. For instance, the algebras of invariants of both adjoint and coadjoint representations of $\mathfrak q$ are free, and also the enveloping algebra of $\mathfrak q$ is a free module over its centre.
We study the coadjoint representation of contractions of reductive Lie algebras associated with symmetric decompositions. Let $\frak g=\frak g_0\oplus \frak g_1$ be a symmetric decomposition of a reductive Lie algebra $\frak g$. Then the semi-direct product of $\frak g_0$ and the $\frak g_0$-module $\frak g_1$ is a contraction of $\frak g$. We conjecture that these contractions have many properties in common with reductive Lie algebras. In particular, it is proved that in many cases the algebra of invariants is polynomial. We also discuss the so-called "codim--2 property" for coadjoint represe…
We develop tools for classification of contraction algebras and apply these to solve the problem on classification up to isomorphism of 8 and 9 dimensional algebras corresponding to 3-fold flops. We prove that there is only one up to isomorphism contraction algebra of dimension 8, and two algebras of dimension 9. The formulae for the dimension of algebra, depending on the type of the potential are obtained. In the second part of the paper we show that associated graded structure to brace and truss with appropriate descending ideal filtration is pre-Lie.
In this paper we discuss some recent results about extremal contractions of complex algebraic varieties. These are proper surjective maps, $ϕ: X\longrightarrow Z$, of normal varieties with connected fibers such that $X$ has mild singularities (in particular $X$ is $Q$-Gorenstein) and the anticanonical divisor of $X$ is $ϕ$ ample. It will appear on the Proceedings of AMS-SRI on Algebraic Geometry, Santa Cruz 1995.
Let G be a simply connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k of positive characteristic. We will untwist the structure of G-modules by a newly found splitting of the Frobenius endomorphism on the algebra of distributions of G, which, for example, explains the subsumed G-equivariant nature of the Frobenius splitting of the flag variety of G.
The space K^n of all n-dimensional { Lie} algebras has a natural non-Hausdorff topology k^n, which has characteristic limits, called transitions, A -> B, between distinct Lie algebras A and B. The entity of these transitions are the natural transitive completion of the well known Inonu-Wigner contractions and their partial generalizations by Saletan. Algebras containing a common ideal of codimension 1 can be characterized by homothetically normalized Jordan normal forms of one generator of their adjoint representation. For such algebras, transitions A -> B can be described by limit transitions…
Let $G$ be a connected semisimple algebraic group with Lie algebra $g$ and $P$ a parabolic subgroup of $G$ with $Lie(P)=p$. The parabolic contraction of $g$ is the semi-direct product of $p$ and a $p$-module $g/p$ regarded as an abelian ideal. We are interested in the polynomial invariants of the adjoint and coadjoint representations of $q$. In the adjoint case the algebra of invariants is easy to describe and turns out to be a graded polynomial algebra. The coadjoint case is more complicated. Here we found a connection between symmetric invariants of $q$ and symmetric invariants of centralise…
The present paper provides a geometric characterization of complete flag varieties for semisimple algebraic groups. Namely, if $X$ is a Fano manifold whose all elementary contractions are $\mathbb P^1$-fibrations then $X$ is isomorphic to the complete flag manifold $G/B$ where $G$ is a semi-simple Lie algebraic group and $B$ is a Borel subgroup of $G$.
Let $q$ be an algebraic Lie algebra and $q<m>$ a (generalised) Takiff algebra. Any finite order automorphism $θ$ of $q$ induces an automorphisms of $q<m>$ of the same order, denoted $Θ$. We study invariant-theoretic properties of representations of the fixed point subalgebra of $Θ$ on other eigenspaces of $Θ$ in $q<m>$.
An MBM locus on a hyperkahler manifold is the union of all deformations of a minimal rational curve with negative self-intersection. MBM loci can be equivalently defined as centers of bimeromorphic contractions. It was shown that the MBM loci on deformation equivalent hyperkahler manifolds are diffeomorphic. We determine the MBM loci on a hyperkahler manifold of K3-type of low dimension using a deformation to a Hilbert scheme of a non-algebraic K3 surface.
In the spirit of recent work of Harada-Kaveh and Nishinou-Nohara-Ueda, we study the symplectic geometry of Popov's horospherical degenerations of complex algebraic varieties with the action of a complex linearly reductive group. We formulate an intrinsic symplectic contraction of a Hamiltonian space, which is a surjective, continuous map onto a new Hamiltonian space that is a symplectomorphism on an explicitly defined dense open subspace. This map is given by a precise formula, using techniques from the theory of symplectic reduction and symplectic implosion. We then show, using the Vinberg mo…
Two 3-fold flops are exhibited, both of which have precisely one flopping curve. One of the two flops is new, and is distinct from all known algebraic D4-flops. It is shown that the two flops are neither algebraically nor analytically isomorphic, yet their curve-counting Gopakumar-Vafa invariants are the same. We further show that the contraction algebras associated to both are not isomorphic, so the flops are distinguished at this level. This shows that the contraction algebra is a finer invariant than various curve-counting theories, and it also provides more evidence for the proposed analyt…
In this paper we develop a differential Galois theory for algebraic Lie-Vessiot systems in algebraic homogeneous spaces. Lie-Vessiot systems are non autonomous vector fields that are linear combinations with time-dependent coefficients of fundamental vector fields of an algebraic Lie group action. Those systems are the building blocks for differential equations that admit superposition of solutions. Lie-Vessiot systems in algebraic homogeneous spaces include the case of linear differential equations. Therefore, the differential Galois theory for Lie-Vessiot systems is an extension of the class…
We show basic results on super-manifolds and super Lie groups over a complete field of characteristic $\ne 2$, extensively using Hopf-algebraic techniques. The main results are two theorems. The first main theorem shows a category equivalence between super Lie groups and Harish-Chandra pairs, which is applied especially to construct the Hopf super-algebra of all analytic representative functions on a super Lie group. The second constructs homogeneous super-manifolds by a new Hopf-algebraic method, showing their remarkable property.
Let g be a differential graded Lie algebra and suppose given a contraction of chain complexes of g onto a general chain complex M. We show that the data determine an sh-Lie algebra structure on M, that is, a coalgebra perturbation of the coalgebra differential on the cofree coaugmented differential graded cocommutative coalgebra S' on the suspension of M, a Lie algebra twisting cochain from the perturbed coalgebra S" to the given Lie algebra g, and an extension of this Lie algebra twisting cochain to a contraction of chain complexes from the Cartan-Chevalley-Eilenberg coalgebra on g onto S" wh…
We recover results by Ullmo-Yafaev and Peterzil-Starchenko on the closure of the image of an algebraic variety in a compact complex torus. Our approach uses directed closed currents and allows us to extend the result for dimension 1 flows to the setting of commutative complex Lie groups which are not necessarily compact. A version of the classical Ax-Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem for commutative complex Lie groups is also given.
This paper is the first in a series of three, the aim of which is to lay the foundations of algebraic geometry over the free metabelian Lie algebra $F$. In the current paper we introduce the notion of a metabelian Lie $U$-algebra and establish connections between metabelian Lie $U$-algebras and special matrix Lie algebras. We define the $Δ$-localisation of a metabelian Lie $U$-algebra $A$ and the direct module extension of the Fitting's radical of $A$ and show that these algebras lie in the universal closure of $A$.
Let R be a commutative ring which contains the rationals as a subring and let g be a chain complex. Suppose given an sh-Lie algebra structure on g, that is, a coalgebra perturbation of the coalgebra differential on the cofree coaugmented differential graded cocommutative coalgebra T' on the suspension of g and write the perturbed coalgebra as T". Suppose, furthermore, given a contraction of g onto a chain complex M. We show that the data determine an sh-Lie algebra structure on M, that is, a coalgebra perturbation of the coalgebra differential on the cofree coaugmented differential graded coco…