本文主要研究覆盖数组的推广,覆盖数组在图上的推广。Z_k^n中的两个向量v,w是定性独立的,如果对Z_k x Z_k中的所有序偶(a,b),向量中存在位置i,其中(a,b)=(v_i,w_i)。覆盖数组是一个具有任何一对行是定性独立的性质的数组。图的覆盖数组是指图的每个顶点都有一行的数组,且具有这样的性质:对应于邻顶点的任意两行是定性独立的。在覆盖数组中添加图结构使得使用图论的方法来研究这些设计成为可能。在这篇论文中,我们定义了一类图,称为定性独立图。一个图有给定参数的覆盖阵列,当且仅当存在从该图到一个特定的定性独立图的同态。定性独立图中的团与覆盖数组有关,独立集与相交划分系统有关。已知最优二元覆盖阵列的确切大小可以使用Sperner定理和Erdos-Ko-Rado定理来确定。由于一般覆盖阵列的行对应于集合划分,我们给出了Sperner定理和Erdos-Ko-Rado定理在集合划分系统中的推广。我们还考虑了一般定性独立图的一个子图,称为一致定性独立图。我们给出了这些图中的几个图的谱,并猜想它们是一个关联图。我们还给出了一个新的覆盖阵列的结构,它产生了许多新的最佳覆盖阵列的大小的上界。
英文摘要:
The main focus of this thesis is a generalization of covering arrays, covering arrays on graphs. Two vectors v,w in Z_k^n are qualitatively independent if for all ordered pairs (a,b) in Z_k x Z_k there is a position i in the vectors where (a,b) = (v_i,w_i). A covering array is an array with the property that any pair of rows are qualitatively independent. A covering array on a graph is an array with a row for each vertex of the graph with the property that any two rows which correspond to adjacent vertices are qualitatively independent. The addition of a graph structure to covering arrays makes it possible to use methods from graph theory to study these designs. In this thesis, we define a family of graphs called the qualitative independence graphs. A graph has a covering array, with given parameters, if and only if there is a homomorphism from the graph to a particular qualitative independence graph. Cliques in qualitative independence graphs relate to covering arrays and independent sets are connected to intersecting partition systems. It is known that the exact size of an optimal binary covering array can be determined using Sperner's Theorem and the Erdos-Ko-Rado Theorem. Since the rows of general covering arrays correspond to set partitions, we give extensions of Sperner's Theorem and the Erdos-Ko-Rado Theorem to set-partition systems. We also consider a subgraph of a general qualitative independence graph called the uniform qualitative independence graph. We give the spectra for several of these graphs and conjecture that they are graphs in an association scheme. We also give a new construction for covering arrays which yields many new upper bounds on the size of optimal covering arrays.
On graphs with some normalized Laplacian eigenvalue of extremal multiplicity
设$G$是一个以$n$为顶点的连通单图.设$\mathcal{L}(G)$为$G$的归一化拉普拉斯矩阵,$ρ_{n-1}(G)$为$\mathcal{L}(G)$的次小特征值.用$ν(G)$表示$G$的独立数。最近,文献[Characterization of graphs with some normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of multiplicity $n-3$,arXiv:1912.13227]讨论了具有某些正规化Laplacian eigenvalues of multiplicity $n-3$的图.然而,还有一个剩余病例(带有$ρ_{n-1}(G)\neq 1$和$ν(G)= 2$的图表)未被考虑。本文主要研究直径为3的上图和图,研究了重数为$n-3$的正则拉普拉斯特征值的图。
匹配能量定义为图的匹配多项式的零点的绝对值之和,这是由Gutman和Wagner首先提出的[The matching energy of a graph,Discrete Appl.Math.160(2012)2177- 2187]。给出了匹配能量的一些性质和渐近结果。本文刻画了具有$n$顶点的树的补图具有最大、次大和最小匹配能量。此外,我们确定了一个完美的匹配,其补充有第二大匹配能量的树。特别地,证明了边独立数为$p$的树,其补集对$p=1,2,\ldots, \lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor$具有最小匹配能量.
设Wn是一个有n个轮辐的轮图。如果在图Wn中增加一个不在V(Wn)中的3度顶点v,亏格将如何变化?本文通过联合树模型得到了:如果v的三个邻域在P(Wn)的同一面边界上,则Wn+v的亏格为0;否则,°(Wn + v)= 1,其中P(Wn)是Wn的唯一平面嵌入.另外,通过独立集,我们给出了图的最大亏格的一个下界,它可能优于D. Li & Y. Liu和Z.欧阳等:在欧洲。J. Combinatorics.进一步,我们得到了图的独立数与最大亏格之间的关系,并给出了一个求完全图Km的不同最大亏格嵌入数下界的算法,在一定意义上改进了Y. Caro和S.斯塔尔分别。
对于整数$k\geq2,$,生成$k$ -结束树是最多有$k$叶的生成树。受Broersma和Tuerina [Independence trees and Hamilton cycles,J.图论29(1998)227- 237]的闭包定理的启发,我们提供了紧谱条件来保证在具有极图特征的$n$阶连通图中存在生成$k$ -端树.此外,通过采用Kaneko定理[Spanning trees with constraints on the leaf degree,Discrete Appl.Math.115(2001)73- 76],我们还给出了在确定了极图的$n$阶连通图中存在叶度至多为$k$的生成树的紧谱条件,其中$k\geq1$是整数。
Realizable (reg, deg h)-Pairs for Cover Ideals via Independence Polynomials
Hobart and William Smith Colleges(霍巴特和威廉史密斯学院);Chennai Mathematical Institute(金奈数学研究所);Bryn Mawr College(布林莫尔学院);Connecticut College(康涅狄格学院);William & Mary(威廉与玛丽学院);Colgate University(科尔盖特大学)