Tom Sanders
Suppose that G is an abelian group and A is a finite subset of G containing no three-term arithmetic progressions. We show that |A+A| >> |A|(log |A|)^{1/3-ε} for all ε>0.
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Rudin conjectured that there are never more than c N^(1/2) squares in an arithmetic progression of length N. Motivated by this surprisingly difficult problem we formulate more than twenty conjectures in harmonic analysis, analytic number theory, arithmetic geometry, discrete geometry and additive combinatorics (some old and some new) which each, if true, would shed light on Rudin's conjecture.
In this paper we give a very elementary proof that if A and B are subsets of {1,2,...,N}, each having at least 5N^{1 - (4(k-1))^{-1}} elements, then the sumset A+B has a k-term arithmetic progression.
Arithmetic progressions in sumsets of geometric progressions
本文研究了几何数列和集中的等差数列结构，结合线性形式对数界和模ularity 性质，给出完整刻画方法。
We present an elementary proof that if $A$ is a finite set of numbers, and the sumset $A+_GA$ is small, $|A+_GA|\leq c|A|$, along a dense graph $G$, then $A$ contains $k$-term arithmetic progressions.
We prove results about the L^p-almost-periodicity of convolutions. One of these follows from a simple but rather general lemma about approximating a sum of functions in L^p, and gives a very short proof of a theorem of Green that if A and B are subsets of {1,...,N} of sizes alpha N and beta N then A+B contains an arithmetic progression of length at least about exp(c (alpha beta log N)^{1/2}). Another almost-periodicity result improves this bound for densities decreasing with N: we show that under the above hypotheses the sumset A+B contains an arithmetic progression of length at least about ex…
Let $A, B\subseteq \mathbb{Z}$ be finite, nonempty subsets with $\min A=\min B=0$, and let $$δ(A,B)={\begin{array}{ll} 1 & \hbox{if} A\subseteq B, 0 & \hbox{otherwise.} If $\max B\leq \max A\leq |A|+|B|-3$ and \label{one}|A+B|\leq |A|+2|B|-3-δ(A,B), then we show $A+B$ contains an arithmetic progression with difference 1 and length $|A|+|B|-1$. As a corollary, if \eqref{one} holds, $\max(B)\leq \max(A)$ and either $\gcd(A)=1$ or else $\gcd(A+B)=1$ and $|A+B|\leq 2|A|+|B|-3$, then $A+B$ contains an arithmetic progression with difference 1 and length $|A|+|B|-1$.
Suppose that A is a subset of the integers {1,...,N} of density a. We provide a new proof of a result of Green which shows that A+A contains an arithmetic progression of length exp(ca(log N)^{1/2}) for some absolute c>0. Furthermore we improve the length of progression guaranteed in higher sumsets; for example we show that A+A+A contains a progression of length roughly N^{ca} improving on the previous best of N^{ca^{2+ε}}.
For a set $A$ of integers, the sumset $lA =A+...+A$ consists of those numbers which can be represented as a sum of $l$ elements of $A$ $$lA =\{a_1+... a_l| a_i \in A_i \}. $$ A closely related and equally interesting notion is that of $l^{\ast}A$, which is the collection of numbers which can be represented as a sum of $l$ different elements of $A$ $$l^{\ast} A =\{a_1+... a_l| a_i \in A_i, a_i \neq a_j \}. $$ The goal of this paper is to investigate the structure of $lA$ and $l^{\ast}A$, where $A$ is a subset of $\{1,2, ..., n\}$. As applications, we solve two conjectures by Erdös and Folkman, …
Sumsets and generalized arithmetic progressions in multiplicative subgroups
针对有限域乘法子群，研究其与广义算术级数、和集分解的关系，得出真子群为广义算术级数的充要条件，及加法不可约、和差表示数的相关结论。
Let $h\geq 2$ and $A=\{a_0,a_1,\ldots,a_{k-1}\}$ be a finite set of integers. It is well-known that $\left|hA\right|=hk-h+1$ if and only if $A$ is a $k$-term arithmetic progression. In this paper, we give some nontrivial inverse results of the sets $A$ with some extrema the cardinalities of $hA$.
When defining the amount of additive structure on a set it is often convenient to consider certain sumsets; Calculating the cardinality of these sumsets can elucidate the set's underlying structure. We begin by investigating finite sets of perfect squares and associated sumsets. We reveal how arithmetic progressions efficiently reduce the cardinality of sumsets and provide estimates for the minimum size, taking advantage of the additive structure that arithmetic progressions provide. We then generalise the problem to arbitrary rings and achieve satisfactory estimates for the case of squares in…
We find upper bounds that are sharp for the number of $k$th powers inside arbitrary arithmetic progressions whose step has $O(1)$ many divisors.
This is an article for a general mathematical audience on the author's work, joint with Terence Tao, establishing that there are arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions of primes. It is based on several one hour lectures, chiefly given at British universities.
Let $E\subset\rr$ be a closed set of Hausdorff dimension $α$. We prove that if $α$ is sufficiently close to 1, and if $E$ supports a probabilistic measure obeying appropriate dimensionality and Fourier decay conditions, then $E$ contains non-trivial 3-term arithmetic progressions.
We show that the twisted second moments of the Riemann zeta function averaged over the arithmetic progression $1/2 + i(an + b)$ with $a > 0$, $b$ real, exhibits a remarkable correspondance with the analogous continuous average and derive several consequences. For example, motivated by the linear independence conjecture, we show at least one third of the elements in the arithmetic progression $a n + b$ are not the ordinates of some zero of $ζ(s)$ lying on the critical line. This improves on earlier work of Martin and Ng. We then complement this result by producing large and small values of $ζ(s…
Our main result states that when A, B, C are subsets of Z/NZ of respective densities α,β,γ, the sumset A + B + C contains an arithmetic progression of length at least e^{c(\log N)^c} for densities α> (\log N)^{-2 + ε} and β,γ> e^{-c(\log N)^c}, where c depends on ε. Previous results of this type required one set to have density at least (\log N)^{-1 + o(1)}. Our argument relies on the method of Croot, Laba and Sisask to establish a similar estimate for the sumset A + B and on the recent advances on Roth's theorem by Sanders. We also obtain new estimates for the analogous problem in the primes …
We improve the quantitative estimate for Roth's theorem on three-term arithmetic progressions, showing that if $A\subset\{1,\ldots,N\}$ contains no non-trivial three-term arithmetic progressions then $\lvert A\rvert\ll N(\log\log N)^4/\log N$. By the same method we also improve the bounds in the analogous problem over $\mathbb{F}_q[t]$ and for the problem of finding long arithmetic progressions in a sumset.
We develop a theory of multiplicative functions (with values inside or on the unit circle) in arithmetic progressions analogous to the well-known theory of primes in arithmetic progressions.
Let $A$ be a subset of primes up to $x$. If we assume $A$ is well-distributed (in the Siegel-Walfisz sense) in any arithmetic progressions to moduli $q\leqslant(\log x)^c$ for any $c>0$, then the sumset $A+A$ has density 1/2 in the natural numbers as $x$ tends to infinity, which also yields almost all even positive integers could be represented as the sums of two primes in $A$ as $x$ tends to infinity. This result, improving the previous results in such special case, could be compared with the classical estimation for the exceptional set of binary Goldbach problem.
Euler showed that there can be no more than three integer squares in arithmetic progression. In quadratic number fields, Xarles has shown that there can be arithmetic progressions of five squares, but not of six. Here, we prove that there are no cubic number fields which contain five squares in arithmetic progression.
We show that there exists a positive constant C such that the following holds: Given an infinite arithmetic progression A of real numbers and a sufficiently large integer n (depending on A), there needs at least Cn geometric progressions to cover the first n terms of A. A similar result is presented, with the role of arithmetic and geometric progressions reversed.
Green and Tao proved that the primes contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. We show that, essentially the same proof leads to the following result: The primes in an short interval contains many arithmetic progressions of any given length.
In this paper we continue the investigations about unlike powers in arithmetic progression. We provide sharp upper bounds for the length of primitive non-constant arithmetic progressions consisting of squares/cubes and $n$-th powers.
We show the middle Nth cantor set contains arithmetic progressions of length at least proportional to N/log_2(N).
We show that essentially the Fibonacci sequence is the unique binary recurrence which contains infinitely many three-term arithmetic progressions. A criterion for general linear recurrences having infinitely many three-term arithmetic progressions is also given.
Large gaps between primes in arithmetic progressions -- an empirical approach
本文概述了算术级数中素数间间隙的全新穷举计算结果，并给出了异常大的最小素数的新数值结果。
We establish Bombieri-Vinogradov's type result for the number of solutions of the ternary Goldbach problem with primes from arithmetic progressions.
In this paper, we improve the error term in a previous paper on an asymptotic formula for the number of squarefull numbers in an arithmetic progression.
In this paper we improve the estimate for the remainder term in the asymptotic formula concerning the circle problem in an arithmetic progression.
In this paper, we give a new upper bound of Barban-Davenport-Halberstam type for twins of $k-$free numbers in arithmetic progressions.
In this paper we investigate the recent advances by Zhang, Maynard and Pintz towards Polignac's conjecture and give some new results concerning the relationship between Polignac numbers and arithmetic progressions.
We investigate the approximation to the number of primes in arithmetic progressions given by Vaughan. Instead of averaging the expected error term over all residue classes to modules in a given range, here we only consider subsets of arithmetic progressions that satisfy additional congruence conditions and provide asymptotic approximations.
We prove a result on the distribution of the general divisor functions in arithmetic progressions to smooth moduli which exceed the square root of the length.
We prove that if $A\subseteq \{1,\dots,N\}$ does not contain any non-trivial three-term arithmetic progression, then $$|A|\ll \frac{(\log\log N)^{3+o(1)}}{\log N}N\,.$$
We implement the Maynard-Tao method of detecting primes in tuples to investigate small gaps between primes in arithmetic progressions, with bounds that are uniform over a range of moduli.
This paper has been withdrawn
Random Cayley graphs and random sumsets
该研究证明有限阿贝尔群存在特殊结构子集族，由此改进了稀疏随机凯莱图等的独立数、非和集最小规模的界，并得到稀疏随机子集和集算术级数最大长度的紧界。
Let $γ<1<c$ and $19(c-1)+171(1-γ)<9$. In this paper, we establish an asymptotic formula for exponential sums over Piatetski-Shapiro primes $p=[n^{1/γ}]$ in arithmetic progressions.
In this paper we deal with composite rational functions having zeros and poles forming consecutive elements of an arithmetic progression. We also correct a result published earlier related to composite rational functions having a fixed number of zeros and poles.
We show that if besides the primes some other sequences (involving the Liouville function and the primes) have a common distribution level exceeding 0.7231 then for any positive even integer $h$ there are arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions of primes $p$ such that $p+h$ is also prime for each element of the progression. In case of $h=2$ this means that under some plausible unproved hypotheses about regular distribution of the primes and other sequences in arithmetic progressions we really have arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions in the sequence of twin primes.
The goal of this article is to study the discrepancy of the distribution of arithmetic sequences in arithmetic progressions. We will fix a sequence $\A=\{\a(n)\}_{n\geq 1}$ of non-negative real numbers in a certain class of arithmetic sequences. For a fixed integer $a\neq 0$, we will be interested in the behaviour of $\A$ over the arithmetic progressions $a \bmod q$, on average over $q$. Our main result is that for certain sequences of arithmetic interest, the value of $a$ has a significant influence on this distribution, even after removing the first term of the progressions.
We answer a number of questions of Erdős on the existence of arithmetic progressions in $k$-full numbers (i.e. integers with the property that every prime divisor necessarily occurs to at least the $k$-th power). Further, we deduce a variety of arithmetic constraints upon such progressions, under the assumption of the $abc$-conjecture of Masser and Oesterlé.
Let d be a squarefree integer. Does there exist four squares in arithmetic progression over Q(sqrt{d})? We shall give a partial answer to this question, depending on the value of d. In the affirmative case, we construct explicit arithmetic progressions consisting of four squares over Q(sqrt{d}).
We obtain an asymptotic formula, in the spirit of the Montgomery-Hooley refinement of the Barban-Davenport-Halberstam Theorem, for the variance associated with tuples of k-free numbers in arithmetic progressions.
I show that a trivial modification of a standard proof of the Roth's Theorem on triples in arithmetic progression would lead to the following Theorem: If A is a "large set" that is its elements are monotone increasing integers and the sum of reciprocals of its elements diverges then the sequence contains an arithmetic progression of length three.
Mordell Curves with Ordinates in Arithmetic Progression
研究纵坐标成等差数列的莫德尔曲线，通过证明未被先前工作排除，给出特定长度的非同构曲线族，还构造适度秩椭圆曲线参数族，其子族有理点成等差数列。
In this short note, we give two proofs of the infinitude of primes via valuation theory and give a new proof of the divergence of the sum of prime reciprocals by Roth's theorem and Euler-Legendre's theorem for arithmetic progressions.
On the density of sumsets, II
该研究针对算术拟密度下和集的密度问题，证明对于覆盖模n!的o(n!)个剩余类的非空集B，存在集A使A与A+B在所有算术拟密度定义域内且和集密度可取[0,1]中任意值，拓展了和集密度理论。
Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we obtain a lower bound within a constant factor of the conjectured asymptotic result for the second moment for primes in an individual arithmetic progression in short intervals. Previous results were averaged over all progression of a given modulus. The method uses a short divisor sum approximation for the von Mangoldt function, together with some new results for binary correlations of this divisor sum approximation in arithmetic progressions.
We find a lower bound for the number of Chen primes in the arithmetic progression $a \bmod q$, where $(a,q)=(a+2,q)=1$. Our estimate is uniform for $q \leq \log^M x$, where $M>0$ is fixed.
As the conclusion of a line of investigation undertaken in two previous papers, we compute asymptotic frequencies for the values taken by numerators of differences of consecutive Farey fractions with denominators restricted to lie in arithmetic progression.
An asymptotic formula for the variance of squarefree numbers in arithmetic progressions of given modulus was obtained by Nunes (see reference [3]). We improve one of the error terms.
We present an arithmetic progression of second numbers of length 28.
We prove an explicit error term for the $ψ(x,χ)$ function assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. Using this estimate, we prove a conditional explicit bound for the number of primes in arithmetic progressions.
We give asymptotics for correlation sums linked with the distribution of squarefree numbers in arithmetic progressions over a fixed modulus. As a particular case we improve a result of Blomer concerning the variance.
We obtain an asymptotic formula for the second discrete moment of the Riemann zeta function over the arithmetic progression $\frac{1}{2} + in$. It shows that the first main term is equal to that of the continuous mean value.
We show estimates for the distribution of $k$-free numbers in short intervals and arithmetic progressions. We argue that, at least in certain ranges, these estimates agree with a conjecture by H. L. Montgomery.
In this paper, we study $k$-term arithmetic progressions $N, N+d, ..., N+(k-1)d$ of powerful numbers. Under the $abc$-conjecture, we obtain $d \gg_εN^{1/2 - ε}$. On the other hand, there exist infinitely many $3$-term arithmetic progressions of powerful numbers with $d \ll N^{1/2}$ unconditionally. We also prove some partial results when $k \ge 4$ and pose some open questions.
We prove new mean value theorems for primes in arithmetic progressions to moduli larger than $x^{1/2}$, extending the Bombieri-Vinogradov theorem to moduli of size $x^{1/2+δ}$ which have conveniently sized divisors. The main feature of these estimates is that they are completely uniform with respect to the residue classes considered, unlike previous works on primes in arithmetic progressions to large moduli.
We obtain the analog of the Bombieri-Vinogradov theorem for square moduli up to any power of x less than 1/2.
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