We prove two theorems about differentiable functions on the Banach space C(K), where K is compact.
(i) If C(K) admits a non-trivial function of class C^m and of bounded support, then all continuous real-valued functions on C(K) may be uniformly approximated by functions of class C^m.
(ii) If C(K) admits an equivalent norm with locally uniformly convex dual norm, then C(K) admits an equivalent norm which is of class C^infty (except at 0).
We study $k-$smoothness of bounded linear operators defined between arbitrary Banach spaces. As an application, we characterize $k-$smooth operators defined from $\ell_1^n$ to an arbitrary Banach space. We also completely characterize $k-$smooth operators defined between arbitrary two-dimensional Banach spaces.
These notes concern the nonlinear geometry of Banach spaces, asymptotic uniform smoothness and several Banach-Saks-like properties. We study the existence of certain concentration inequalities in asymptotically uniformly smooth Banach spaces as well as weakly sequentially continuous coarse (Lipschitz) embeddings into those spaces. Some results concerning the descriptive set theoretical complexity of those properties are also obtained. We finish the paper with a list of open problem.
For $1<p\le \infty$, we show the existence of a Banach space which is both injectively and surjectively universal for the class of all separable Banach spaces with an equivalent $p$-asymptotically uniformly smooth norm. We prove that this class is analytic complete in the class of separable Banach spaces. These results extend previous works by Kalton, Werner and Kurka in the case $p=\infty$.
In recent decades, topology has come to play an increasing role in some geometric aspects of Banach space theory. The class of so-called $w^*$-locally relatively compact sets was introduced recently by Fonf, Pallares, Troyanski and the author, and were found to be a useful topological tool in the theory of isomorphic smoothness and polyhedrality in Banach spaces. We develop the topological theory of these sets and present some Banach space applications.
We characterize $k-$smoothness of an element on the unit sphere of a finite-dimensional polyhedral Banach space. Then we study $k-$smoothness of an operator $T \in \mathbb{L}(\ell_{\infty}^n,\mathbb{Y}),$ where $\mathbb{Y}$ is a two-dimensional Banach space with the additional condition that $T$ attains norm at each extreme point of $B_{\ell_{\infty}^{n}}.$ We also characterize $k-$smoothness of an operator defined between $\ell_{\infty}^3$ and $\ell_{1}^3.$
We construct infinitely differentiable norms and partitions of unity for a class of Banach spaces which includes all spaces $\C(K)$ with $K$ a countable compact space, and all spaces $\C_0[0,Ω)$ with $Ω$ an ordinal.
We study the smoothness and the norm attainment of bounded bilinear operators between Banach spaces, using the concepts of Birkhoff-James orthogonality and semi-inner-products. In the finite-dimensional case, we characterize Birkhoff-James orthogonality of bilinear operators in terms of the norm attainment set. This yields a nice characterization of smoothness of bilinear operators between Banach spaces, in the finite-dimensional case. Without any restriction on the dimension of the space, we obtain a complete characterization of the norm attainment set of a bounded bilinear operator using sem…
For $1<p\leqslant \infty$, we study the complexity and the existence of universal spaces for two classes of separable Banach spaces, denoted $\textsf{A}_p$ and $\textsf{N}_p$, and related to asymptotic smoothness in Banach spaces. We show that each of these classes is Borel in the class of separable Banach spaces. Then we build small families of Banach spaces that are both injectively and surjectively universal for these classes. Finally, we prove the optimality of this universality result, by proving in particular that none of these classes admits a universal space.
Let $X$ be an infinite dimensional uniformly smooth Banach space. We prove that $X$ contains an infinite equilateral set. That is, there exists a constant $λ>0$ and an infinite sequence $(x_i)_{i=1}^\infty\subset X$ such that $\|x_i-x_j\|=λ$ for all $i\neq j$.
We show that norms on certain Banach spaces $X$ can be approximated uniformly, and with arbitrary precision, on bounded subsets of $X$ by $C^{\infty}$ smooth norms and polyhedral norms. In particular, we show that this holds for any equivalent norm on $c_0(Γ)$, where $Γ$ is an arbitrary set. We also give a necessary condition for the existence of a polyhedral norm on a weakly compactly generated Banach space, which extends a well-known result of Fonf.
Let $X$ be a Banach space with a separable dual $X^{*}$. Let $Y\subset X$ be a closed subspace, and $f:Y\to\mathbb{R}$ a $C^{1}$-smooth function. Then we show there is a $C^{1}$ extension of $f$ to $X$.
It is known that smooth bump functions are absent in the majority of infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. This is an obstacle in the development of local analysis, in particular in the questions of extending local maps onto the whole space. We suggest an approach that substitutes bump functions with special maps, which we call K-maps. It allows us to extend smooth local maps from non-smooth spaces, such as $C^q[0,1], q=0,1,...$. We also prove the Borel lemma for spaces possessing K-maps.
We study the notions of acs, luacs and uacs Banach spaces which were introduced by V. Kadets et al. in 2000 and form common generalisations of the usual rotundity and smoothness properties of Banach spaces. In particular, we are interested in (mainly infinite) absolute sums of such spaces. We also introduce some new classes of spaces that lie inbetween those of acs and uacs spaces and study their behaviour under the formation of absolute sums as well.
We prove that in every separable Banach space $X$ with a Schauder basis and a $C^k$-smooth norm it is possible to approximate, uniformly on bounded sets, every equivalent norm with a $C^k$-smooth one in a way that the approximation is improving as fast as we wish on the elements depending only on the tail of the Schauder basis. Our result solves a problem from the recent monograph of Guirao, Montesinos and Zizler.
If a separable Banach space contains an isometric copy of every separable reflexive Fréchet smooth Banach space, then it contains an isometric copy of every separable Banach space. The same conclusion holds if we consider separable Banach spaces with Fréchet smooth dual space. This improves a result of G. Godefroy and N. J. Kalton.
Let us consider a Banach space $X$ with the property that every real-valued Lipschitz function $f$ can be uniformly approximated by a Lipschitz, $C^1$-smooth function $g$ with $\Lip(g)\le C \Lip(f)$ (with $C$ depending only on the space $X$). This is the case for a Banach space $X$ bi-Lipschitz homeomorphic to a subset of $c_0(Γ)$, for some set $Γ$, such that the coordinate functions of the homeomorphism are $C^1$-smooth. Then, we prove that for every closed subspace $Y\subset X$ and every $C^1$-smooth (Lipschitz) function $f:Y\to\Real$, there is a $C^1$-smooth (Lipschitz, respectively) extens…
In this paper we obtain new characterizations of the uniformly convex and smooth Banach spaces. These characterizations are established by using Lp-boundedness properties of Littlewood-Paley functions and area integrals associated with heat semigroups and involving fractional derivatives. Our results apply for instance by considering the heat semigroups defined by Hermite and Laguerre operators that do not satisfy the Markovian property.
We provide a short characterization of $p$-asymptotic uniform smoothability and asymptotic uniform flatenability of operators and of Banach spaces. We use these characterizations to show that many asymptotic uniform smoothness properties pass to injective tensor products of operators and of Banach spaces. In particular, we prove that the injective tensor product of two asymptotically uniformly smooth Banach spaces is asymptotically uniformly smooth. We prove that for $1<p<\infty$, the class of $p$-asymptotically uniformly smoothable operators can be endowed with an ideal norm making this class…
We study the 'no-dimension' analogue of Carath{é}odory's theorem in Banach spaces. We prove such a result together with its colorful version for uniformly smooth Banach spaces. It follows that uniform smoothness leads to a greedy de-randomization of Maurey's classical lemma \cite{pisier1980remarques}, which is itself a 'no-dimension' analogue of Carath{é}odory's theorem with a probabilistic proof. We find the asymptotically tight upper bound on the deviation of the convex hull from the $k$-convex hull of a bounded set in $L_p$ with $1 < p \leq 2$ and get asymptotically the same bound as in Mau…
Real smooth three-dimensional or higher Banach spaces are isomorphic with respect to the nonlinear structure of Birkhoff-James orthogonality if and only if they are isometrically isomorphic. Moreover, using smooth Radon planes and non-smooth direct sums, in arbitrary dimensions, we construct examples of non-isometric pairs of real Banach spaces that admit norm-preserving homogeneous bicontinuous Birkhoff-James orthogonality preservers among them.
Let X be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space and C a nonempty closed and convex subset of X. Let Pc from X to C denote the (standard) metric projection operator. In this paper, we define the Gateaux directional differentiability of Pc. We investigate some properties of the Gateaux directional differentiability of Pc. In particular, if C is a closed ball or a closed and convex cone (including proper closed subspaces), then, we give the exact representations of the directional derivatives of Pc. Finally, we define the concept of p-q uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Ban…
In this erratum, we recover the results from an earlier paper of the author's which contained a gap. Specifically, we prove that if X is a Banach space with an unconditional basis and admits a C^{p}-smooth, Lipschitz bump function, and Y is a convex subset of X, then any uniformly continuous function f: Y->R can be uniformly approximated by Lipschitz, C^{p}-smooth functions K:X->R. Also, if Z is any Banach space and f:X->Z is L-Lipschitz, then the approximates K:X->Z can be chosen CL-Lipschitz and C^{p}-smooth, for some constant C depending only on X.
Several characterizations of EP and normal Moore-Penrose invertible Banach algebra elements will be considered. The Banach space operator case will be also studied. The results of the present article will extend well known facts obtained in the frames of matrices and Hilbert space operators.
This note corrects a gap and improves results in an earlier paper by the first named author. More precisely, it is shown that on weakly compactly generated Banach spaces X which admit a C^{p} smooth norm, one can uniformly approximate uniformly continuous functions f:X->R by Lipschitz, C^{p} smooth functions. Moreover, there is a constant C>1 so that any L-Lipschitz function f:X->R can be uniformly approximated by CL-Lipschitz, C^{p} smooth functions. This provides a `Lipschitz version' of the classical approximation results of Godefroy, Troyanski, Whitfield and Zizler.
The following result was announced in the earlier version(s) of this paper: On weakly compactly generated Banach spaces which admit a Lipschitz, C^{p} smooth bump function, one can uniformly approximate uniformly continuous, bounded, real-valued functions by Lipschitz, C^{p} smooth functions. Unfortunately, there is a gap in the proof which renders the proof in its present form incorrect
We show that if $\mathfrak{A}$ is a commutative complex non-unital Banach Algebra with norm $\|\cdot\|$, then $\|\cdot\|$ is regular on $\mathfrak{A}$ if and only if $\|\cdot\|_{op}$ is a norm on $\mathfrak{A}\oplus \mathbb{C}$ and $\mathfrak{A}\oplus\mathbb{C}$ is a commutative complex Banach Algebra with respect to $\|\cdot\|_{op}$.
Some remarks on smooth mappings of Hilbert and Banach spaces and their local convexity property
University of Agriculture in Krakow（克拉科夫农业大学）；Institute of Mathematics of NAS of Ukraine（乌克兰国家科学院数学研究所）；Lviv Polytechnic National University（利沃夫国立理工大学）；Comenius University in Bratislava（布拉迪斯拉发康斯坦丁尼查尔大学）
In the first part of our paper, we show that $\ell_\infty$ has a dense linear subspace which admits an equivalent real analytic norm. As a corollary, every separable Banach space, as well as $\ell_1(\mathfrak{c})$, also has a dense linear subspace which admits an analytic renorming. By contrast, no dense subspace of $c_0(ω_1)$ admits an analytic norm. In the second part, we prove (solving in particular an open problem of Guirao, Montesinos, and Zizler) that every Banach space with a long unconditional Schauder basis contains a dense subspace that admits a $C^{\infty}$-smooth norm. Finally, we …
This article develops optimality conditions for a large class of non-smooth variational models. The main results are based on standard tools of functional analysis and calculus of variations. Firstly we address a model with equality constraints and, in a second step, a more general model with equality and inequality constraints, always in a general Banach space context. We highlight the results in general are well known, however, some novelties are introduced related to the proof procedures, which are in general softer than those concerning the present literature.
Let $X$ and $Z$ be Banach spaces, $A$ a closed subset of $X$ and a mapping $f:A \to Z$. We give necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain a $C^1$ smooth mapping $F:X \to Z$ such that $F_{\mid_A}=f$, when either (i) $X$ and $Z$ are Hilbert spaces and $X$ is separable, or (ii) $X^*$ is separable and $Z$ is an absolute Lipschitz retract, or (iii) $X=L_2$ and $Z=L_p$ with $1<p<2$, or (iv) $X=L_p$ and $Z=L_2$ with $2<p<\infty$.
We introduce the notion of approximate norm attainment set of a bounded linear operator between Banach spaces and use it to obtain a complete characterization of smooth points in the space of compact linear operators, provided the domain space is reflexive and Kadets-Klee. We also apply the concept to characterize strong BPB property (sBPBp) of a pair of Banach spaces. We further introduce uniform $ ε- $BPB approximation of a bounded linear operator and uniform strong BPB property (uniform sBPBp) with respect to a given family of norm one linear operators and explore some of the relevant prope…
In this paper, we investigate a new notion of accretive mappings called generalized $αβ$-$H((.,.),(.,.))$-mixed accretive mappings in Banach spaces. We extend the concept of proximal-point mappings associated with generalized $m$-accretive mappings to the generalized $αβ$-$H((.,.),(.,.))$-mixed accretive mappings and prove that the proximal-point mapping associated with generalized $αβ$-$H((.,.),(.,.))$-mixed accretive mapping is single-valued and Lipschitz continuous. Some examples are given to justify the definition of generalized $αβ$-$H((.,.),(.,.))$-mixed accretive mappings. Further, by u…
We introduce and study the enveloping norms of regularly P-operators between Banach lattices E and F, where P is a subspace of the space L(E,F) of continuous operators from E to F. We prove that if P is closed in L(E,F) in the operator norm then the regularly P-operators forms a Banach space under the enveloping norm. Conditions providing that regularly P-operators forms a Banach lattice under the enveloping norm are given.
In this work, we obtain some necessary and some sufficient conditions for a space to be nicely smooth, and show that they are equivalent for separable or Asplund spaces. We obtain a sufficient condition for the Ball Generated Property (BGP), and conclude that Property $(II)$ implies the BGP, which, in turn, implies the space is nicely smooth. We show that the class of nicely smooth spaces is stable under $c_o$ and $\ell_p$ sums and also under finite $\ell_1$ sums; that being nicely smooth is not a three space property; and that the Bochner $L_p$ spaces are nicely smooth if and only if $X$ is b…
We discuss the geometry of Banach spaces whose norm is octahedral or, more generally, locally or weakly octahedral. Our main results characterize these spaces in terms of covering of the unit ball.
In this note, we provide a starlike and normal tiling in any separable Banach space. That means, there are positive constants r and R (not depending on the separable Banach space) such that every tile of this tiling is starlike, contains a ball of radius r and is contained in a ball of radius R.
We introduce stronger versions of the usual notions of martingale type p <= 2 and cotype q >= 2 of a Banach space X and show that these concepts are equivalent to uniform p-smoothness and q-convexity, respectively. All these are metric concepts, so they depend on the particular norm in X. These concepts allow us to get some more insight into the fine line between X being isomorphic to a uniformly p-smooth space or being uniformly p-smooth itself. Instead of looking at Banach spaces, we consider linear operators between Banach spaces right away. The situation of a Banach space X can be rediscov…
This paper deals with the interplay of the geometry of the norm and the weak topology in Banach spaces. Both dual and intrinsic connections between weak forms of rotundity and smoothness ared discussed. Weakly exposed points, weakly locally uniformly rotund spaces, smoothness, duality and the interplay of all the above are studied.
We continue the investigation of the behaviour of octahedral norms in tensor products of Banach spaces. Firstly, we will prove the existence of a Banach space $Y$ such that the injective tensor products $l_1\widehat{\otimes}_\varepsilon Y$ and $L_1\widehat{\otimes}_\varepsilon Y$ both fail to have an octahedral norm, which solves two open problems from the literature. Secondly, we will show that in the presence of the metric approximation property octahedrality is preserved from a non-reflexive $L$-embedded Banach space taking projective tensor products with an arbitrary Banach space.
In this paper, we study the connections between the normality, regularity, full regularity, and chain-complete property in partially ordered Banach spaces. Then, by applying these properties, we prove some fixed point theorems on partially ordered Banach spaces. As applications of these fixed point theorems, we prove the existence of solutions of some integral equations, such as Hammerstein integral equations, in Banach spaces.
We introduce a notion of p-orthogonality in a general Banach space $1 \le p \le \infty$. We use this concept to characterize $\ell_p$-spaces among Banach spaces and also among complete order smooth p-normed spaces. We further introduce a notion of $p$-orthogonal decomposition in order smooth p-normed spaces. We prove that if the $\infty$-orthogonal decomposition holds in an order smooth $\infty$-normed space, then the 1-orthogonal decomposition holds in the dual space. We also give an example to show that the above said decomposition may not be unique.
In this paper, we study octahedral norms in free Banach lattices $FBL[E]$ generated by a Banach space $E$. We prove that if $E$ is an $L_1(μ)$-space, a predual of von Neumann algebra, a predual of a JBW$^*$-triple, the dual of an $M$-embedded Banach space, the disc algebra or the projective tensor product under some hypothesis, then the norm of $FBL[E]$ is octahedral. We get the analogous result when the topological dual $E^*$ of $E$ is almost square. We finish the paper by proving that the norm of the free Banach lattice generated by a Banach space of dimension $ \geq 2$ is nowhere Fréchet di…
We study the relation between octahedral norms, Daugavet property and the size of convex combinations of slices in Banach spaces. We prove that the norm of an arbitrary Banach space is octahedral if, and only if, every convex combination of $w^*$-slices in the dual unit ball has diameter 2, which answer an open question. As a consequence we get that the Banach spaces with the Daugavet property and its dual spaces have octahedral norms. Also, we show that for every separable Banach space containing $\ell_1$ and for every $\varepsilon >0$ there is an equivalent norm so that every convex combinat…
In this paper we collect results concerning the {operator-norm} convergent {Trotter} product formula for two semigroups $\{\e^{- t A}\}_{t\geq 0}$, $\{\e^{- t B}\}_{t\geq 0}$, with densely defined generators $A$ and $B$ in a {Banach} space. Although the {strong} convergence in Banach space for contraction semigroups is known since the seminal paper by Trotter (1959), which after more than three decades was extended to convergence in the {operator-norm} topology in {Hilbert} spaces by Rogava (1993), the {operator-norm} convergence in a {Banach} space was established only in (2001).
Spaces of homogeneous polynomials on a Banach space are frequently equipped with quasinorms instead of norms. In this paper we develop a technique to replace the original quasi-norm by a norm in a dual preserving way, in the sense that the dual of the space with the new norm coincides with the dual of the space with the original quasi-norm. Applications to problems on the existence and approximation of solutions of convolution equations and on hypercyclic convolution operators on spaces of entire functions are provided.
The main result: the dual of separable Banach space $X$ contains a total subspace which is not norming over any infinite dimensional subspace of $X$ if and only if $X$ has a nonquasireflexive quotient space with the strictly singular quotient mapping.
Given a finite measure space $(Ω,Σ,μ)$, we show that any Banach space $X(μ)$ consisting of (equivalence classes of) real measurable functions defined on $Ω$ such that $f χ_A \in X(μ) $ and $ \|f χ_A \| \leq \|f\|, \, f \in X(μ), \ A \in Σ$, and having the subsequence property, is in fact an ideal of measurable functions and has an equivalent norm under which it is a Banach function space. As an application we characterize norms that are equivalent to a Banach function space norm.
We develop tools to produce equivalent norms with specific local geometry around infinitely many points in the sphere of a Banach space via an inductive procedure. We combine this process with smoothness results and techniques to solve two open problems posed in the recently published monograph [GMZ22] by A. J. Guirao, V. Montesinos and V. Zizler. Specifically, on the one hand we construct in every separable Banach space admitting a $C^k$-smooth norm an equivalent norm which is $C^k$-smooth but fails to be uniformly Gâteaux in any direction; and on the other hand we produce in $c_0(Γ)$ for any…
