We give some fundamental properties of the induced structures on submanifolds immersed in almost product or locally product Riemannian manifolds. We study the induced structure by the composition of two isometric immersions on submanifolds in an almost product Riemannian manifold. We give an effective construction for some induced structures on submanifolds of codimension 1 or 2 in Euclidean space.
In this paper, we derived biharmonic equations for pseudo-Riemannian submanifolds of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds which includes the biharmonic equations for submanifolds of Riemannian manifolds as a special case. As applications, we proved that a pseudo-umbilical biharmonic pseudo-Riemannian submanifold of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold has constant mean curvature, we completed the classifications of biharmonic pseudo-Riemannian hypersurfaces with at most two distinct principal curvatures, which were used to give four construction methods to produce proper biharmonic pseudo-Riemannian submanifol…
In the present paper we study pseudo-Riemannian submanifolds which have 3-planar geodesic normal sections.We consider W-curves (helices) on pseudo-Riemannian submanifolds. Finally, we give neccessary and sufficient condition for a normal section to be a W-curve on pseudo-Riemannian submanifolds.
In this paper, we define and study CR-lightlike submanifolds of a golden semi-Riemannian manifold. We investigate some properties of geodesic CR-submanifolds of a golden semi-Riemannian manifold. Moreover, we obtain many interesting results for totally geodesic and totally umbilical CR-submanifolds on a golden Riemannian manifold. A non-trivial example of CR-lightlike submanifold of a golden semi-Riemannian manifold is also constructed.
In this paper, we study slant submanifolds of Riemannian manifolds with Golden structure. A Riemannian manifold $(\tilde{M},\tilde{g},φ)$ is called a Golden Riemannian manifold if the $(1,1)$ tensor field $φ$ on $\tilde{M}$ is a golden structure, that is $φ^{2}=φ+I$ and the metric $\tilde{g}$ is $φ-$ compatible. First, we get some new results for submanifolds of a Riemannian manifold with Golden structure. Later we characterize slant submanifolds of a Riemannian manifold with Golden structure and provide some non-trivial examples of slant submanifolds of Golden Riemannian manifolds.
In this article we show how holomorphic Riemannian geometry can be used to relate certain submanifolds in one pseudo-Riemannian space to submanifolds with corresponding geometric properties in other spaces. In order to do so, we shall first rephrase and extend some background theory on holomorphic Riemannian manifolds, which is essential for the later application of the presented method.
We give a full description of totally geodesic submanifolds in the tangent bundle of a Riemannian 2-manifold of constant curvature and present a new class of a cylinder-type totally geodesic submanifolds in the general case.
We show that for any weakly reflective submanifold of a compact isotropy irreducible Riemannian homogeneous space its inverse image under the parallel transport map is an infinite dimensional weakly reflective PF submanifold of a Hilbert space. This is an extension of the author's previous result in the case of compact irreducible Riemannian symmetric spaces. We also give a characterization of so obtained weakly reflective PF submanifolds.
The objet of this paper is the study of variations of a functional whose integrant is the $σ_u$-curvature of closed submanifolds of arbitrary codimension in Riemannian manifolds.
The Metallic Ratio is fascinating topic that continually generated news ideas. A Riemannian manifold endowed with a Metallic structure will be called a Metallic Riemannian manifold. The main purpose of the present paper is to study the geometry of transversal lightlike submanifolds and radical transversal lightlike submanifolds and of Metallic Semi-Riemannian manifolds. We investigate the geometry of distributions and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the induced connection on these manifolds to be metric connection. We also obtain characterization of transversal lightlike submani…
In this paper, we study some properties of warped product pointwise bi-slant submanifolds in locally metallic Riemannian manifolds and we construct some examples in Euclidean spaces.
The main purpose of the present paper is to study the geometry of screen transversal lightlike submanifolds and radical screen transversal lightlike submanifolds and screen transversal anti-invariant lightlike submanifolds of Golden Semi-Riemannian manifolds. We investigate the geometry of distributions and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the induced connection on these manifolds to be metric connection. We also obtain characterization of screen transversal anti-invariant lightlike submanifolds of Golden Semi- Riemannian manifolds. Finally, we give two examples.
In this paper we introduce paraquaternionic CR-submanifolds of almost paraquaternionic hermitian manifolds and state some basic results on their differential geometry. We also study a class of semi-Riemannian submersions from paraquaternionic CR-submanifolds of paraquaternionic Kaehler manifolds.
The Golden Ratio is fascinating topic that continually generated news ideas. A Riemannian manifold endowed with a Golden Structure will be called a Golden Riemannian manifold. The main purpose of the present paper is to study the geometry of radical transversal lightlike submanifolds and transversal lightlike submanifolds of Golden Semi-Riemannian manifolds. We investigate the geometry of distributions and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the induced connection on these manifolds to be metric connection.
In the present paper, we study hemi-slant submanifolds of a locally product Riemannian manifold. We prove that the anti-invariant distribution which is involved in the definition of hemi-slant submanifold is integrable and give some applications of this result. We get a necessary and sufficient condition for a proper hemi-slant submanifold to be a hemi-slant product. We also study this type submanifolds with parallel canonical structures. Moreover, we give two characterization theorems for the totally umbilical proper hemi-slant submanifolds. Finally, we obtain a basic inequality involving Ric…
In the first part of this expository article, the most important constructions and classification results concerning totally geodesic submanifolds in Riemannian symmetric spaces are summarized. In the second part, I describe the results of my classification of the totally geodesic submanifolds in the Riemannian symmetric spaces of rank 2.
In this note we prove that QR-submanifolds of the hyper-Kahler manifolds under some conditions admit the $G_2$ holonomy. We give simplest examples of such QR-submanifolds namely tori. We conjecture that all $G_2$ holonomy manifolds arise in this way.
We introduce warped product skew semi-invariant submanifolds of order $1$ of a locally product Riemannian manifold. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for skew semi-invariant submanifold of order 1 to be a locally warped product. We also prove that the invariant distribution which is involved in the definition of the submanifold is integrable under some restrictions. Moreover, we find an inequality between the warping function and the squared norm of the second fundamental form for such submanifolds. Equality case is also discussed.
A totally umbilical submanifold in pseudo-Riemannian manifolds is a fundamental notion, which is characterized by the condition that the second fundamental form is proportional to the metric. It is also a generalization of the notion of a totally geodesic submanifold. In this paper, we classify congruent classes of full totally umbilical submanifolds in non-flat pseudo-Riemannian space forms, and consider their moduli spaces. As a consequence, we show that some moduli spaces of isometric immersions between space forms which one of the same constant curvature are non-Hausdorff.
This paper is devoted to Hardy inequalities concerning distance functions from submanifolds of arbitrary codimensions in the Riemannian setting. On a Riemannian manifold with non-negative curvature, we establish several sharp weighted Hardy inequalities in the cases when the submanifold is compact as well as non-compact. In particular, these inequalities remain valid even if the ambient manifold is compact, in which case we find an optimal space of smooth functions to study Hardy inequalities. Further examples are also provided. Our results complement in several aspects those obtained recently…
We show that for an isometric immersion of a complete Riemannian manifold into a Riemannian manifold with non-positive curvature, the norm of the mean curvature vector field is square integrable, then it is minimal. This is a partial affirmative answer of the B. Y. Chen's conjecture.
B.-Y. Chen famously conjectured that every submanifold of Euclidean space with harmonic mean curvature vector is minimal. In this note we establish a much more general statement for a large class of submanifolds satisfying a growth condition at infinity. We discuss in particular two popular competing natural interpretations of the conjecture when the Euclidean background space is replaced by an arbitrary Riemannian manifold. Introducing the notion of epsilon-superbiharmonic submanifolds, which contains each of the previous notions as special cases, we prove that epsilon-superbiharmonic submani…
In this paper we study weakly irreducible holonomy representations of the normal connection of a spacelike submanifold in a pseudo-Riemannian space from. We associate screen representations to weakly irreducible normal holonomy groups and classify the screen representations having the Borel-Lichnérowicz property. In particular, we derive a classification of Lorentzian normal holonomy representations.
We derive total mean curvature integration formulae of a three co-dimensional foliation $\mathcal{F}^{n}$ on a screen integrable half-lightlike submanifold, $M^{n+1}$ in a semi-Riemannian manifold $\overline{M}^{n+3}$. We give generalized differential equations relating to mean curvatures of a totally umbilical half-lightlike submanifold admitting a totally umbilical screen distribution, and show that they are generalizations of those given by [4].
A submanifold of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold is said to have parallel mean curvature vector if the mean curvature vector field H is parallel as a section of the normal bundle. Submanifolds with parallel mean curvature vector are important since they are critical points of some natural functionals. In this paper, we survey some classical and recent results on submanifolds with parallel mean curvature vector. Special attention is paid to the classification of space-like and Lorentz surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector in Riemannian and indefinite space forms.
We study the small-time asymptotics of the relative heat content for submanifolds in sub-Riemannian geometry. First, we prove the existence of a smooth tubular neighborhood for submanifolds of any codimension, assuming they do not have characteristic points. Next, we propose a definition of relative heat content for submanifolds of codimension $k\geq 1$ and we build an approximation of this quantity, via smooth tubular neighborhoods. Finally, we show that this approximation fails to recover the asymptotic expansion of the relative heat content of the submanifold, by studying an explicit exampl…
In this paper we give a spinorial representation of submanifolds of any dimension and codimension into Riemannian space forms in terms of the existence of so called generalized Killing spinors. We then discuss several applications, among them a new and concise proof of the fundamental theorem of submanifold theory. We also recover results of T. Friedrich, B. Morel and the authors in dimension 2 and 3.
In this paper we study a geometric configuration of submanifolds of arbitrary codimension in an ambient Riemannian space. We obtain relations between the geometry of a q-codimension submanifold Mn along its boundary and the geometry of the boundary of Mn as an hypersuface of a q-codimensional submanifold Pn in an ambient space Mn+q. As a consequence of these geometric ralations we get that the ellipticity of the generalized Newton transformations implies the tranversality of Mn and Pn in Pn is totally geodesic in Mn+q.
We study biharmonic hypersurfaces and biharmonic submanifolds in a Riemannian manifold. One of interesting problems in this direction is Chen's conjecture which says that any biharmonic submanifold in a Euclidean space is minimal. From the invariant equation for biharmonic submanifolds, we derive a fundamental identity involving the mean curvature vector field, and using this, we prove Chen's conjecture on biharmonic submanifolds in a Euclidean space. More generally, it is proved that any biharmonic submanifold in a space form of nonpositively sectional curvature is minimal. Furthermore we pro…
The objet of this paper is the study of the variations of a functional whose integrant is the r-th weighted curvature on the hypersurface of a closed Riemannian manifold. Some applications to hypersurfaces of the Euclidean space and the unit round sphère are given.
Submanifold theory is a very active vast research field which plays an important role in the development of modern differential geometry. This branch of differential geometry is still so far from being exhausted; only a small portion of an exceedingly fruitful field has been cultivated, much more remains to be discovered. In this article, the author provides a broad review of Riemannian submanifolds in differential geometry.
In this thesis, we study extensions of the theory of Riemannian submanifolds in two directions. First, we will show how Riemannian geometry and submanifold theory in particular, can be generalized using the notion of 'Rinehart spaces', and it will be demonstrated how the developed framework unifies some existing and new flavours of Riemannian geometry over different ground rings. In the second part of the thesis, we give a description of holomorphic Riemannian submanifold theory where complex numbers fully replace the role of the real numbers as ground field, and show how this can be applied t…
In this paper, we study Jacobi operators associated to algebraic curvature maps (tensors) on lightlike submanifolds M. We investigate conditions for an induced Rie- mann curvature tensor to be an algebraic curvature tensor on M. We introduce the notion of lightlike Osserman submanifolds and an example of 2-degenerate Osserman metric is given. Finally we give some results of symmetry properties on lightlike hy- persurfaces from Osserman condition.
We investigate minimal helix submanifolds of any dimension and codimension immersed in Euclidean space. Our main result proves that a ruled minimal helix submanifold is a cylinder. As an application we classify complex helix submanifolds of $\mathbb{C}^n$: They are extrinsic products with a complex line as a factor. The key tool is Corollary 1.3 which allows us to classify Riemannian foliations of open subsets of the Euclidean space with minimal leaves. Finally, we consider the case of a helix hypersurface with constant mean curvature and prove that it is either a cylinder or an open part of a…
In this paper, we prove a classification theorem for the stable compact minimal submanifolds of the Riemannian product of an $m_1$-dimensional ($m_1\geq3$) hypersurface $M_1$ in the Euclidean space and any Riemannian manifold $M_2$, when the sectional curvature $K_{M_1}$ of $M_1$ satisfies $\frac{1}{\sqrt{m_1-1}}\leq K_{M_1}\leq 1.$ This gives a generalization to the results of F. Torralbo and F. Urbano [9], where they obtained a classification theorem for the stable minimal submanifolds of the Riemannian product of a sphere and any Riemannian manifold. In particular, when the ambient space is…
In this paper, we solve affirmatively B.-Y. Chen's conjecture for hypersurfaces in the Euclidean space, under a generic condition. More precisely, every biharmonic hypersurface of the Euclidean space must be minimal if their principal curvatures are simple, and the associated frame field is irreducible.
We consider a non-negative biminimal properly immersed submanifold $M$ (that is, a biminimal properly immersed submanifold with $λ\geq0$) in a complete Riemannian manifold $N$ with non-positive sectional curvature. Assume that the sectional curvature $K^N$ of $N$ satisfies $K^N\geq-L(1+{\rm dist}_N(\cdot, q_0)^2)^{\fracα{2}}$ for some $L>0,$ $2>α\geq 0$ and $q_0\in N$. Then, we prove that $M$ is minimal. As a corollary, we give that any biharmonic properly immersed submanifold in a hyperbolic space is minimal. These results give affirmative partial answers to the global version of generalized …
A submanifold of a Riemannian manifold is called a parallel submanifold if its second fundamental form is parallel with respect to the van der Waerden-Bortolotti connection. From submanifold point of view, parallel submanifolds are the simplest Riemannian submanifolds next to totally geodesic ones. Parallel submanifolds form an important class of Riemannian submanifolds since extrinsic invariants of a parallel submanifold do not vary from point to point. In this paper we provide a comprehensive survey on this important class of submanifolds.
Given an $m$-dimensional closed connected Riemannian manifold $M$ smoothly isometrically immersed in an $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifold $N$, we estimate the diameter of $M$ in terms of its mean curvature field integral under some geometric restrictions, and therefore generalize a recent work of Topping in the Euclidean case (Comment. Math. Helv., 83 (2008), 539--546).
In this paper, the first Chen inequality is proved for general warped product submanifolds in Riemannian space forms, this inequality involves intrinsic invariants ($δ$-invariant and sectional curvature) controlled by an extrinsic one (the mean curvature vector), which provides an answer for Problem 1. As a geometric application, this inequality is applied to derive a necessary condition for the immersed submanifold to be minimal in Riemannian space forms, which presents a partial answer for the well-known problem proposed by S.S. Chern, Problem 2. For further research directions, we address a…
Compact minimal submanifolds of the Riemannian symmetric spaces $SU(n)/SO(n)$, $Sp(n)/U(n)$, $SO(2n)/U(n)$, $SU(2n)/Sp(n)$ via complex-valued eigenfunctions
In this paper, we prove that any surface corresponding to linear second-order ODEs as a submanifold is minimal in all classes of third-order ODEs $y'''=f(x, y, p, q)$ as a Riemannian manifold where $y'=p$ and $y''=q$, if and only if $q_{yy}=0$. Moreover, we will see the linear second-order ODE with general form $y''=\pm y+β(x)$ is the only case that is defined a minimal surface and is also totally geodesic.
The space of embedded submanifolds plays an important role in applications such as computational anatomy and shape analysis. We can define two different classes on Riemannian metrics on this space: so-called outer metrics are metrics that measure shape changes using deformations of the ambient space and they find applications mostly in computational anatomy; the second class that are defined directly on the space of embeddings using intrinsic differential operations and they are used in shape analysis. In this paper we compare for the first time the topologies and the geodesic distance functio…
