We study the degree growth of iterates of meromorphic selfmaps of compact Kahler surfaces. Using cohomology classes on the Riemann-Zariski space we show that the degrees grow similarly to those of mappings that are algebraically stable on some birational model.
Let $ϕ:S^2 \to S^2$ be an orientation-preserving branched covering whose post-critical set has finite cardinality $n$. If $ϕ$ has a fully ramified periodic point $p_{\infty}$ and satisfies certain additional conditions, then, by work of Koch, $ϕ$ induces a meromorphic self-map $R_ϕ$ on the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_{0,n}$; $R_ϕ$ descends from Thurston's pullback map on Teichmüller space. Here, we relate the dynamics of $R_ϕ$ on $\mathcal{M}_{0,n}$ to the dynamics of $ϕ$ on $S^2$. Let $\ell$ be the length of the periodic cycle in which the fully ramified point $p_{\infty}$ lies; we show that $R…
We consider the dynamics of meromorphic maps of compact Kähler manifolds. In this work, our goal is to locate the non-nef locus of invariant classes and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of Green currents in codimension one.
We prove that for meromorphic maps with logarithmic tracts (e.g. entire or meromorphic maps with a finite number of poles from class $\mathcal B$), the Julia set contains a compact invariant hyperbolic Cantor set of Hausdorff dimension greater than 1. Hence, the hyperbolic dimension of the Julia set is greater than 1.
In this short note we would like to show how it is possible to use techniques introduced in the theory of local dynamics of holomorphic germs tangent to the identity to study global meromorphic self-maps of the complex projective space. In particular we shall show how a meromorphic self-map of a complex projective space induces a holomorphic foliation of the projective space in Riemann surfaces, whose singular points are exactly the fixed points and the indeterminacy points of the map; and we shall prove three index theorems, relating suitably defined local residues at the fixed and indetermin…
Let f be a dominant meromorphic self-map on a compact Kaehler manifold X which preserves a fibration given by a meromorphic map from X to a compact Kaehler manifold Y. We compute the dynamical degrees of f in term of its dynamical degrees relative to the fibration and the dynamical degrees of the map g on Y which is induced by f. We derive from this result new properties of some fibrations intrinsically associated to X when this manifold admits an interesting dynamical system.
We consider a rational map f:S->S of a complex projective surface together with an invariant meromorphic two form. Under a mild topological assumption on the map, we show that the zeroes of the invariant form can be eliminated by birational change of coordinate. In this context, when the form has no zeroes, we investigate the notion of algebraic stability for f. We show in particular that algebraic stability is equivalent to a more tractable condition involving the behavior of f on the poles of the form. Finally, we illustrate our results in the particular case where S is the projective plane …
Let f be a dominating meromorphic self-map of large topological degree on a compact Kaehler manifold. We give a new construction of the equilibrium measure of f and prove that it is exponentially mixing. Then, we deduce the central limit theorem for Lipschitzian observables.
We investigate the existence and distribution of Herman rings of transcendental meromorphic functions which have at least one omitted value. If all the poles of such a function are multiple then it has no Herman ring. Herman rings of period one or two do not exist. Functions with a single pole or with at least two poles one of which is an omitted value have no Herman ring. Every doubly connected periodic Fatou component is a Herman ring.
Let f be a dominant meromorphic self-map on a projective manifold X which preserves a meromorphic fibration pi: X --> Y of X over a projective manifold Y. We establish formulas relating the dynamical degrees of f, the dynamical degrees of f relative to the fibration and the dynamical degrees of the self-map g on Y induced by f. Applications are given.
Let f be a meromorphic self-map on a compact Kaehler manifold whose topological degree is strictly larger than the other dynamical degrees. We show that repelling periodic points are equidistributed with respect to the equilibrium measure of f. We also describe the exceptional set of points whose backward orbits are not equidistributed.
We study the dynamics of meromorphic maps for a compact Kaehler manifold X. More precisely, we give a simple criterion that allows us to produce a measure of maximal entropy. We can apply this result to bound the Lyapunov exponents. Then, we study the particular case of a family of generic birational maps of P^k for which we construct the Green currents and the equilibrium measure. We use for that the theory of super-potentials. We show that the measure is mixing and gives no mass to pluripolar sets. Using the criterion we get that the measure is of maximal entropy. It implies finally that the…
In this paper we study the relation between the existence of a conformal measure on the Julia set $J(f)$ of a transcendental meromorphic map $f$ and the existence of zero of the topological pressure function $t \mapsto P(f, t)$ for the map $f$. In particular, we show that if $f$ is hyperbolic and there exists a $t$-conformal measure which is not totally supported on the set of escaping points, then $P(f, t) = 0$. On the other hand, for a wide class of maps $f$, including arbitrary maps with at most finitely many poles and finite set of singular values and hyperbolic maps with at most finitely …
Let (F_n) be a sequence of (multivalued) meromorphic maps between compact Kaehler manifolds X1 and X2. We study the asymptotic distribution of preimages of points by F_n and the asymptotic distribution of fixed points for multivalued self-maps of a compact Riemann surface. Let (Z_n) be a sequence of holomorphic images of the projective space P^s in a projective manifold. We prove that the currents, defined by integration on Z_n, properly normalized, converge to weakly laminar currents. We also show that the Green currents, of suitable bidimensions, associated to a regular polynomial automorphi…
We define two classes of topological infinite degree covering maps modeled on two families of transcendental holomorphic maps. The first, which we call exponential maps of type $(p,q)$, are branched covers and is modeled on transcendental entire maps of the form $P e^{Q}$, where $P$ and $Q$ are polynomials of degrees $p$ and $q$. The second is the class of universal covering maps from the plane to the sphere with two removed points modeled on transcendental meromorphic maps with two asymptotic values. The problem we address is to give a combinatorial characterization of the holomorphic maps co…
We show that any dominant meromorphic self-map f of a compact Kaehler manifold X is an Artin-Mazur map. More precisely, if P_n(f) is the number of its isolated periodic points of period n (counted with multiplicity), then P_n(f) grows at most exponentially fast with respect to n and the exponential rate is at most equal to the algebraic entropy of f. Further estimates are given when X is a surface. Among the techniques introduced in this paper, the h-dimension of the density between two arbitrary positive closed currents on a compact Kaehler surface is obtained.
We prove that every transcendental meromorphic map f with a disconnected Julia set has a weakly repelling fixed point. This implies that the Julia set of Newton's method for finding zeroes of an entire map is connected. Moreover, extending a result of Cowen for holomorphic self-maps of the disc, we show the existence of absorbing domains for holomorphic self-maps of hyperbolic regions whose iterates tend to a boundary point. In particular, the results imply that periodic Baker domains of Newton's method for entire maps are simply connected, which solves a well-known open question.
Let $f : X\to X$ be a dominating meromorphic map on a compact Kähler manifold $X$ of dimension $k$. We extend the notion of topological entropy $h^l_{\mathrm{top}}(f)$ for the action of $f$ on (local) analytic sets of dimension $0\leq l \leq k$. For an ergodic probability measure $ν$, we extend similarly the notion of measure-theoretic entropy $h_ν^l(f)$. Under mild hypothesis, we compute $h^l_{\mathrm{top}}(f)$ in term of the dynamical degrees of $f$. In the particular case of endomorphisms of $\mathbb{P}^2$ of degree $d$, we show that $h^1_{\mathrm{top}}(f)= \log d$ for a large class of maps…
In this note, we give an elementary proof of the absence of invariant line fields on the conical Julia set of an analytic function of one variable. This proof applies not only to rational as well as transcendental meromorphic functions (where it was previously known), but even to the extremely general setting of Ahlfors islands maps as defined by Adam Epstein. In fact, we prove a more general result on the absence of invariant_differentials_, measurable with respect to a conformal measure that is supported on the (unbranched) conical Julia set. This includes the study of cohomological equation…
We consider the dynamics of a meromorphic map on a compact kahler surface whose topological degree is smaller than its first dynamical degree. The latter quantity is the exponential rate at which its iterates expand the cohomology class of a kahler form. Our goal in this article and its sequels is to carry out a conjectural program for constructing and analyzing a natural measure of maximal entropy for each such map. Here we take the first step, converting information about the linear action of the map on cohomology to invariant currents with special geometric structure. We also give some exam…
Let $X$ and $Y$ be compact Kähler manifolds, and let $f:X\rightarrow Y$ be a dominant meromorphic map. Base upon a regularization theorem of Dinh and Sibony for DSH currents, we define a pullback operator $f^{\sharp}$ for currents of bidegrees $(p,p)$ of finite order on $Y$ (and thus for {\it any} current, since $Y$ is compact). This operator has good properties as may be expected. Our definition and results are compatible to those of various previous works of Meo, Russakovskii and Shiffman, Alessandrini and Bassanelli, Dinh and Sibony, and can be readily extended to the case of meromorphic co…
We continue our study of the dynamics of meromorphic mappings with small topological degree on a compact Kähler surface $X$. Under general hypotheses we are able to construct a canonical invariant measure which is mixing, does not charge pluripolar sets and admits a natural geometric description. Our hypotheses are always satisfied when $X$ has Kodaira dimension zero, or when the mapping is induced by a polynomial endomorphism of $\mathbf{C}^2$. They are new even in the birational case. We also exhibit families of mappings where our assumptions are generically satisfied and show that if counte…
This paper is part of a program to understand the parameter spaces of dynamical systems generated by meromorphic functions with finitely many singular values. We give a full description of the parameter space for a specific family based on the exponential function that has precisely two finite asymptotic values and one attracting fixed point. It represents a step beyond the previous work in [GK] on degree 2 rational functions with analogous constraints: two critical values and an attracting fixed point. What is interesting and promising for pushing the general program even further, is that, de…
We continue our study of the dynamics of mappings with small topological degree on (projective) complex surfaces. Previously, under mild hypotheses, we have constructed an ergodic ``equilibrium'' measure for each such mapping. Here we study the dynamical properties of this measure in detail: we give optimal bounds for its Lyapunov exponents, prove that it has maximal entropy, and show that it has product structure in the natural extension. Under a natural further assumption, we show that saddle points are equidistributed towards this measure. This generalize results that were known in the inve…
We construct a space which is useful in order to study the entropy of meromorphic maps by using projective limits. We deduce a variational principle for meromorphic maps.
We classify invariant curves for birational surface maps that are expanding on cohomology. When the expansion is exponential, the arithmetic genus of an invariant curve is at most one. This implies severe constraints on both the type and number of irreducible components of the curve. In the case of an invariant curve with genus equal to one, we show that there is an associated invariant meromorphic two form.
In this paper we consider the topological class, denoted by AV2, of universal covering maps from the plane to the sphere with two removed points. We prove that an element f in AV2 with finite post-singular set is combinatorially equivalent to a meromorphic transcendental map g with constant Schwarzian derivative if any only if f satisfies a Bounded Geometry condition.
In this paper, we prove that the ratio of the modulus of the iterates of two points in an escaping Fatou component may be bounded even if the orbit of the component contains an infinite modulus annulus sequence and this case cannot happen when the maximal modulus of the meromorphic function is large enough. Therefore, we extend the related results for entire functions to ones for meromorphic functions with infinitely many poles. And we investigate the fast escaping Fatou components of meromorphic functions defined in [44] in terms of the Nevanlinna characteristic instead of the maximal modulus…
We define the pull-back operator, associated to a meromorphic transform, on several types of currents. We also give a simple proof to a version of a classical theorem on the extension of currents.
We prove several results concerning the relative position of points in the postsingular set $P(f)$ of a meromorphic map $f$ and the boundary of a Baker domain or the successive iterates of a wandering component. For Baker domains we answer a question of Mihaljević-Brandt and Rempe-Gillen. For wandering domains we show that if the iterates $U_n$ of such a domain have uniformly bounded diameter, then there exists a sequence of postsingular values $p_n$ such that ${\rm dist}(p_n,\partial U_n)\to 0$ as $n\to \infty$. We also prove that if $U_n \cap P(f)=\emptyset$ and the postsingular set of $f$ l…
In this paper, we develop several tools to study the degree growth and stabilization of monomial maps. Using these tools, we can classify semisimple three dimensional monomial maps by their dynamical behavior.
Given a rational monomial map, we consider the question of finding a toric variety on which it is algebraically stable. We give conditions for when such variety does or does not exist. We also obtain several precise estimates of the degree sequences of monomial maps on $¶^n$. Finally, we characterize polynomial maps which are algebraically stable on $(¶^1)^n$.
We prove a Closing Lemma for nonuniformly hyperbolic measures of meromorphic maps. We prove also a theorem of approximation of the dynamics of such measures by Bernoulli coding maps.
Let $X$ be a compact Kähler manifold and let $f:X\rightarrow X$ be a dominant rational map which is 1-stable. Let $λ_1$ and $λ_2$ be the first and second dynamical degrees of $f$. If $λ_1^2>λ_2$, then we show that $λ_1$ is a simple eigenvalue of $f^*:H^{1,1}(X)\rightarrow H^{1,1}(X)$, and moreover the unique eigenvalue of modulus $>\sqrt{λ_2}$. A variant of the result, where we consider the first spectral radius in the case the map $f$ may not be 1-stable, is also given. An application is stated for bimeromorphic selfmaps of 3-folds. In the last section of the paper, we prove analogs of the ab…
For a finite dimensional vector space equipped with a $\mathbb C$-algebra structure, one can define rational maps using the algebraic structure. In this paper, we describe the growth of the degree sequences for this type of rational maps.
We prove that for Anosov maps of the $3$-torus if the Lyapunov exponents of absolutely continuous measures in every direction are equal to the geometric growth of the invariant foliations then $f$ is $C^1$ conjugated to his linear part.
We consider the set of all 2-step recurrences (difference equations) that are given by linear fractional maps. These give birational maps of the plane. We determine the degree growth of these birational maps. We find the all the maps in this family that are periodic. This also leads to new surface automorphisms with positive entropy.
We compute all dynamical degrees of monomial maps by interpreting them as mixed volumes of polytopes. By exploiting further the isomorphism between the polytope algebra of P. McMullen and the universal cohomology of complete toric varieties, we construct invariant positive cohomology classes when the dynamical degrees have no resonance.
Iterated monodromy groups of postcritically-finite rational maps form a rich class of self-similar groups with interesting properties. There are examples of such groups that have intermediate growth, as well as examples that have exponential growth. These groups arise from polynomials. We show exponential growth of the $\operatorname{IMG}$ of several non-polynomial maps. These include rational maps whose Julia set is the whole sphere, rational maps with Sierpiński carpet Julia set, and obstructed Thurston maps. Furthermore, we construct the first example of a non-renormalizable polynomial with…