This paper is part of a program to understand the parameter spaces of dynamical systems generated by meromorphic functions with finitely many singular values. We give a full description of the parameter space for a specific family based on the exponential function that has precisely two finite asymptotic values and one attracting fixed point. It represents a step beyond the previous work in [GK] on degree 2 rational functions with analogous constraints: two critical values and an attracting fixed point. What is interesting and promising for pushing the general program even further, is that, despite the presence of the essential singularity, our new functions exhibit a dynamic structure as similar as one could hope to the rational case, and that the philosophy of the techniques used in the rational case could be adapted.
Let f be a dominating meromorphic self-map of large topological degree on a compact Kaehler manifold. We give a new construction of the equilibrium measure of f and prove that it is exponentially mixing. Then, we deduce the central limit theorem for Lipschitzian observables.
Let f be a dominant meromorphic self-map on a projective manifold X which preserves a meromorphic fibration pi: X --> Y of X over a projective manifold Y. We establish formulas relating the dynamical degrees of f, the dynamical degrees of f relative to the fibration and the dynamical degrees of the self-map g on Y induced by f. Applications are given.
Let f be a meromorphic self-map on a compact Kaehler manifold whose topological degree is strictly larger than the other dynamical degrees. We show that repelling periodic points are equidistributed with respect to the equilibrium measure of f. We also describe the exceptional set of points whose backward orbits are not equidistributed.
We study the dynamics of meromorphic maps for a compact Kaehler manifold X. More precisely, we give a simple criterion that allows us to produce a measure of maximal entropy. We can apply this result to bound the Lyapunov exponents. Then, we study the particular case of a family of generic birational maps of P^k for which we construct the Green currents and the equilibrium measure. We use for that the theory of super-potentials. We show that the measure is mixing and gives no mass to pluripolar sets. Using the criterion we get that the measure is of maximal entropy. It implies finally that the…
Let (F_n) be a sequence of (multivalued) meromorphic maps between compact Kaehler manifolds X1 and X2. We study the asymptotic distribution of preimages of points by F_n and the asymptotic distribution of fixed points for multivalued self-maps of a compact Riemann surface. Let (Z_n) be a sequence of holomorphic images of the projective space P^s in a projective manifold. We prove that the currents, defined by integration on Z_n, properly normalized, converge to weakly laminar currents. We also show that the Green currents, of suitable bidimensions, associated to a regular polynomial automorphi…
In this paper we continue the study, began in \cite{CJK2}, of the bifurcation locus of a family of meromorphic functions with two asymptotic values, no critical values and an attracting fixed point. If we fix the multiplier of the fixed point, either of the two asymptotic values determines a one-dimensional parameter slice for this family. We proved that the bifurcation locus divides this parameter slice into three regions, two of them analogous to the Mandelbrot set and one, the shift locus, analogous to the complement of the Mandelbrot set. In \cite{FK, CK} it was proved that the points in t…
Let $f : X\to X$ be a dominating meromorphic map on a compact Kähler manifold $X$ of dimension $k$. We extend the notion of topological entropy $h^l_{\mathrm{top}}(f)$ for the action of $f$ on (local) analytic sets of dimension $0\leq l \leq k$. For an ergodic probability measure $ν$, we extend similarly the notion of measure-theoretic entropy $h_ν^l(f)$. Under mild hypothesis, we compute $h^l_{\mathrm{top}}(f)$ in term of the dynamical degrees of $f$. In the particular case of endomorphisms of $\mathbb{P}^2$ of degree $d$, we show that $h^1_{\mathrm{top}}(f)= \log d$ for a large class of maps…
We show that any dominant meromorphic self-map f of a compact Kaehler manifold X is an Artin-Mazur map. More precisely, if P_n(f) is the number of its isolated periodic points of period n (counted with multiplicity), then P_n(f) grows at most exponentially fast with respect to n and the exponential rate is at most equal to the algebraic entropy of f. Further estimates are given when X is a surface. Among the techniques introduced in this paper, the h-dimension of the density between two arbitrary positive closed currents on a compact Kaehler surface is obtained.
In this note, we give an elementary proof of the absence of invariant line fields on the conical Julia set of an analytic function of one variable. This proof applies not only to rational as well as transcendental meromorphic functions (where it was previously known), but even to the extremely general setting of Ahlfors islands maps as defined by Adam Epstein. In fact, we prove a more general result on the absence of invariant_differentials_, measurable with respect to a conformal measure that is supported on the (unbranched) conical Julia set. This includes the study of cohomological equation…
We consider the dynamics of meromorphic maps of compact Kähler manifolds. In this work, our goal is to locate the non-nef locus of invariant classes and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of Green currents in codimension one.
We consider the dynamics of a meromorphic map on a compact kahler surface whose topological degree is smaller than its first dynamical degree. The latter quantity is the exponential rate at which its iterates expand the cohomology class of a kahler form. Our goal in this article and its sequels is to carry out a conjectural program for constructing and analyzing a natural measure of maximal entropy for each such map. Here we take the first step, converting information about the linear action of the map on cohomology to invariant currents with special geometric structure. We also give some exam…
Let $X$ and $Y$ be compact Kähler manifolds, and let $f:X\rightarrow Y$ be a dominant meromorphic map. Base upon a regularization theorem of Dinh and Sibony for DSH currents, we define a pullback operator $f^{\sharp}$ for currents of bidegrees $(p,p)$ of finite order on $Y$ (and thus for {\it any} current, since $Y$ is compact). This operator has good properties as may be expected. Our definition and results are compatible to those of various previous works of Meo, Russakovskii and Shiffman, Alessandrini and Bassanelli, Dinh and Sibony, and can be readily extended to the case of meromorphic co…
We continue our study of the dynamics of meromorphic mappings with small topological degree on a compact Kähler surface $X$. Under general hypotheses we are able to construct a canonical invariant measure which is mixing, does not charge pluripolar sets and admits a natural geometric description. Our hypotheses are always satisfied when $X$ has Kodaira dimension zero, or when the mapping is induced by a polynomial endomorphism of $\mathbf{C}^2$. They are new even in the birational case. We also exhibit families of mappings where our assumptions are generically satisfied and show that if counte…
Segre sets are superfluous to verify that quotients of formal holomorphic maps that are real on a minimal generic submanifold of positive CR dimension must necessarily be constant.
In this short note we would like to show how it is possible to use techniques introduced in the theory of local dynamics of holomorphic germs tangent to the identity to study global meromorphic self-maps of the complex projective space. In particular we shall show how a meromorphic self-map of a complex projective space induces a holomorphic foliation of the projective space in Riemann surfaces, whose singular points are exactly the fixed points and the indeterminacy points of the map; and we shall prove three index theorems, relating suitably defined local residues at the fixed and indetermin…
Let f be a dominant meromorphic self-map on a compact Kaehler manifold X which preserves a fibration given by a meromorphic map from X to a compact Kaehler manifold Y. We compute the dynamical degrees of f in term of its dynamical degrees relative to the fibration and the dynamical degrees of the map g on Y which is induced by f. We derive from this result new properties of some fibrations intrinsically associated to X when this manifold admits an interesting dynamical system.
We first introduce the class of quasi-algebraically stable meromorphic maps of $¶^k.$ This class is strictly larger than that of algebraically stable meromorphic self-maps of $¶^k.$ Then we prove that all maps in the new class enjoy a recurrent property. In particular, the algebraic degrees for iterates of these maps can be computed and their first dynamical degrees are always algebraic integers.
We construct some explicit formulas of rational maps and transcendental meromorphic functions having Herman rings of period strictly larger than one. This gives an answer to a question raised by Shishikura in the 1980s. Moreover, the formulas of some rational maps with nested Herman rings are also found. To obtain the formulas of transcendental meromorphic functions having periodic Herman rings, a crucial step is to find an explicit family of transcendental entire functions having bounded Siegel disks of all possible periods and rotation numbers. This is based on proving the existence of a Man…
We show that an $n$-dimensional compact Kähler manifold $X$ admitting a non-degenerate meromorphic map $f:{\bf C}^n\to X$ of order $ρ_f<2$ is rationally connected.
We continue our study of the dynamics of mappings with small topological degree on (projective) complex surfaces. Previously, under mild hypotheses, we have constructed an ergodic ``equilibrium'' measure for each such mapping. Here we study the dynamical properties of this measure in detail: we give optimal bounds for its Lyapunov exponents, prove that it has maximal entropy, and show that it has product structure in the natural extension. Under a natural further assumption, we show that saddle points are equidistributed towards this measure. This generalize results that were known in the inve…
The purpose of this article is threefold. The first is to construct a Nevanlina theory for meromorphic mappings from a polydisc to a compact complex manifold. In particular, we give a simple proof of Lemma on logarithmic derivative for nonzero meromorphic functions on $\mathbb{C}^l.$ The second is to improve the definition of the non-integrated defect relation of H. Fujimoto \cite{F2} and to show two theorems on the new non-integrated defect relation of meromorphic maps from a closed submanifold of $\mathbb{C}^l$ to a compact complex manifold. The third is to give a unicity theorem for meromor…
Let $X$ be a compact complex non-Kähler manifold and $f$ a dominant meromorphic self-map of $X$. Examples of such maps are self-maps of Hopf manifolds, Calabi-Eckmann manifolds, non-tori nilmanifolds and their blowups. We prove that if $f$ has a dominant topological degree, then $f$ possesses an equilibrium measure $μ$ satisfying well-known properties as in the Kähler case. The key ingredients are the notion of weakly d.s.h. functions substituting d.s.h. functions in the Kähler case and the use of suitable test functions in Sobolev spaces. A large enough class of holomorphic self-maps with dom…
We construct a space which is useful in order to study the entropy of meromorphic maps by using projective limits. We deduce a variational principle for meromorphic maps.
In this paper, we establish a uniqueness theorem for algebraically nondegenerate meromorphic maps of C^m into C P^n and slowly moving hypersurfaces Q_j in C P^n, j=1,...,q in (weakly) general position, where q depends effectively on n and on the degrees d_j of the hypersurfaces Q_j.
We construct a canonical Green current T_f for every quasi-algebraically stable meromorphic self-map f of CP^k such that its first dynamical degree λ_1(f) is a simple root of its characteristic polynomial and that λ_1(f) > 1. We establish a functional equation for T_f and show that the support of T_f is contained in the Julia set of f, which is thus non empty.
In this paper, a non-integrated defect relation for meromorphic maps from complete Kähler manifolds $M$ into smooth projective algebraic varieties $V$ intersecting hypersurfaces located in $k$-subgeneral position is proved. The novelty of this result lies in that both the upper bound and the truncation level of our defect relation depend only on $k$, $\dim_{\,\mathbb{C}}(V)$ and the degrees of the hypersurfaces considered. In addition, this defect relation recovers Hirotaka Fujimoto [Theorem 1.1; MR0884636 (88m:32049); Japan. J. Math. (N.S.) 11 (1985), no. 2, 233-264.] when subjected to the sa…
In this paper we consider the topological class, denoted by AV2, of universal covering maps from the plane to the sphere with two removed points. We prove that an element f in AV2 with finite post-singular set is combinatorially equivalent to a meromorphic transcendental map g with constant Schwarzian derivative if any only if f satisfies a Bounded Geometry condition.
We construct embeddings of Bers slices of ideal polygon reflection groups into the classical family of univalent functions $Σ$. This embedding is such that the conformal mating of the reflection group with the anti-holomorphic polynomial $z\mapsto\overline{z}^d$ is the Schwarz reflection map arising from the corresponding map in $Σ$. We characterize the image of this embedding in $Σ$ as a family of univalent rational maps. Moreover, we show that the limit set of every Kleinian reflection group in the closure of the Bers slice is naturally homeomorphic to the Julia set of an anti-holomorphic po…
We discuss meromorphic functions on the complex plane which are Brody curves regarded as holomorphic maps to P_1, i.e., which have bounded spherical derivative.
Let M be a (bounded or not) domain of C^n which is complete with respect to a Kähler metric, or more generally, a complete Kähler manifold with trivial canonical bundle. Let f be a linearly nondegenerate meromorphic map from M to the complex projective space P^m. Under an assumption on the positivity of the pull-back by f of the Fubini-Study form on P^m, we prove that f can not omit a certain number of hyperplanes in subgeneral position in P^m. This is deduced directly from a non-integrated defect relation for such f which generalizes that obtained by Fujimoto in the case where M is a ball.
We describe conditions under which a multiply connected wandering domain of a transcendental meromorphic function with a finite number of poles must be a Baker wandering domain, and we discuss the possible eventual connectivity of Fatou components of transcendental meromorphic functions. We also show that if $f$ is meromorphic, $U$ is a bounded component of $F(f)$ and $V$ is the component of $F(f)$ such that $f(U)\subset V$, then $f$ maps each component of $\partial U$ onto a component of the boundary of $V$ in $\hat{\C}$. We give examples which show that our results are sharp; for example, we…
In this article, we establish a truncated non-integrated defect relation for meromorphic mappings from an $m$-dimensional complete Kähler manifold into $\mathbb P^n(\mathbb C)$ intersecting $q$ hypersurfaces $Q_1,...,Q_q$ in $k$-subgeneral position of degree $d_i$, i.e., the intersection of any $k+1$ hypersurfaces is emptyset. We will prove that $$ \sum_{i=1}^qδ_f^{[u-1]}(Q_i)\le (k-n+1)(n+1)+ε+\frac{ρu(u-1)}{d}, $$ where $u$ is explicitly estimated and $d$ is the least common multiple of $d_i'$s. Our result generalizes and improves previous results. In the last part of this paper we will appl…
We define the pull-back operator, associated to a meromorphic transform, on several types of currents. We also give a simple proof to a version of a classical theorem on the extension of currents.
Let $X$ be a compact complex manifold in the Fujiki class $\mathscr{C}$. We study the compactification of $\operatorname{Aut}^0(X)$ given by its closure in Barlet cycle space. The boundary points give rise to non-dominant meromorphic self-maps of $X$. Moreover convergence in cycle space yields convergence of the corresponding meromorphic maps. There are analogous compactifications for reductive subgroups acting trivially on $\operatorname{Alb} X$. If $X$ is Kähler, these compactifications are projective. Finally we give applications to the action of $\operatorname{Aut}(X)$ on the set of probab…
Let $ι: \C^2 \hookrightarrow S$ be a compactification of the two dimensional complex space $\C^2$. By making use of Nevanlinna theoretic methods and the classification of compact complex surfaces K. Kodaira proved in 1971 (\cite{ko71}) that $S$ is a rational surface. Here we deal with a more general meromorphic map $f: \C^n \to X$ into a compact complex manifold $X$ of dimension $n$, whose differential $df$ has generically rank $n$. Let $ρ_f$ denote the order of $f$. We will prove that if $ρ_f<2$, then every global symmetric holomorphic tensor must vanish; in particular, {\it if $\dim X=2$ and…
We prove a Closing Lemma for nonuniformly hyperbolic measures of meromorphic maps. We prove also a theorem of approximation of the dynamics of such measures by Bernoulli coding maps.
In this paper, using techniques of value distribution theory, we give a uniqueness theorem for meromorphic mappings of C^m into P^n with truncated multiplicities and "few" targets. We also give a theorem of linear degeneration for such maps with truncated multiplicities and moving targets.
The aim of this paper is to prove that a large class of quaternionic slice regular functions result to be (ramified) covering maps. By means of the topological implications of this fact and by providing further topological structures, we are able to give suitable natural conditions for the existence of $k$-th $\star$-roots of a slice regular function. Moreover, we are also able to compute all the solutions which, quite surprisingly, in the most general case, are in number of $k^2$. The last part is devoted to compute the monodromy and to present a technique to compute all the $k^2$ roots start…
The Fatou-Julia theory for rational functions has been extended both to transcendental meromorphic functions and more recently to several different types of quasiregular mappings in higher dimensions. We extend the iterative theory to quasimeromorphic mappings with an essential singularity at infinity and at least one pole, constructing the Julia set for these maps. We show that this Julia set shares many properties with those for transcendental meromorphic functions and for quasiregular mappings of punctured space.
In their recent work, Gentili and Struppa proposed a different quaternionic analogue of the notion of holomorphic functions in the complex plane, called \textit{slice regular functions}, which has led to several analogues of classical theorems in complex function theory in the quaternionic setting. The quaternionic analogue of meromorphic functions is called \textit{semiregular functions}. Such a function is said to be \textit{slice preserving} if it maps each domain in a complex line to a domain in the same complex line. In this work, we deal with the relation between analytic and algebraic p…
The main goal of this work is classifying the singularities of slice regular functions over a real alternative *-algebra A. This function theory has been introduced in 2011 as a higher-dimensional generalization of the classical theory of holomorphic complex functions, of the theory of slice regular quaternionic functions launched by Gentili and Struppa in 2006 and of the theory of slice monogenic functions constructed by Colombo, Sabadini and Struppa since 2009. Along with this generalization step, the larger class of slice functions over A has been defined. We introduce here a new type of se…
In this paper we study the following "slice rigidity property": given two Kobayashi complete hyperbolic manifolds $M, N$ and a collection of complex geodesics $\mathcal F$ of $M$, when is it true that every holomorphic map $F:M\to N$ which maps isometrically every complex geodesic of $\mathcal F$ onto a complex geodesic of $N$ is a biholomorphism? Among other things, we prove that this is the case if $M, N$ are smooth bounded strictly (linearly) convex domains, every element of $\mathcal F$ contains a given point of $\overline{M}$ and $\mathcal F$ spans all of $M$. More general results are pro…
The main aim of this article is to give some sufficient conditions for a family of meromorphic mappings on a domain D in C^n into P^N(C) to be meromorphically normal if they satisfy only some very weak conditions with respect to moving hypersurfaces in P^N(C), namely that their intersections with these moving hypersurfaces, which may moreover depend on the meromorphic maps, are in some sense uniform. Our results generalise and complete previous results in this area, especially the works of Fujimoto, Tu, Tu-Li, Mai-Thai-Trang and the recent work of Quang-Tan.
A theorem of A. Ostrowski describing meromorphic functions f such that the family {f(kz):k in C*} is normal, is generalized to holomorphic maps from $C*$ to a projective space.
We construct a (non Kähler) compact complex 3-dimensional manifold $X$ having two following properties: 1) for any domain $D$ in $C^2$ every meromorphic map $f$ from this domain into $X$ extends to a meromorphic map from the envelope of meromorphy $\hat D$ of $D$ into $X$; 2) but there exist a meromorphic map $F$ from a punctured ball $B_*$ in $C^3$ into $X$ which doens't extend meromorphically to the origin. In other words, one can allways remove the singularities of complex codimesion two for the meromorphic maps into this $X$, but only up to some subset of complex codimension three. A descr…
The Gauss map of a conformal minimal immersion of an open Riemann surface $M$ into $\mathbb R^3$ is a meromorphic function on $M$. In this paper, we prove that the Gauss map assignment, taking a full conformal minimal immersion $M\to\mathbb R^3$ to its Gauss map, is a Serre fibration. We then determine the homotopy type of the space of meromorphic functions on $M$ that are the Gauss map of a complete full conformal minimal immersion, and show that it is the same as the homotopy type of the space of all continuous maps from $M$ to the 2-sphere. We obtain analogous results for the generalised Ga…
In \cite{BeEr}, Bergweiler and Eremenko computed the number of critical points of the Green's function on a torus by investigating the dynamics of a certain family of antiholomorphic meromorphic functions on tori. They also observed that hyperbolic maps are dense in this family of meromorphic functions in a rather trivial way. In this paper, we study the parameter space of this family of meromorphic functions, which can be written as antiholomorphic perturbations of Weierstrass Zeta functions. On the one hand, we give a complete topological description of the hyperbolic components and their bo…
Along with the development of the theory of slice regular functions over the real algebra of quaternions $\mathbb{H}$ during the last decade, some natural questions arose about slice regular functions on the open unit ball $\mathbb{B}$ in $\mathbb{H}$. This work establishes several new results in this context. Along with some useful estimates for slice regular self-maps of $\mathbb{B}$ fixing the origin, it establishes two variants of the quaternionic Schwarz-Pick lemma, specialized to maps $\mathbb{B}\to\mathbb{B}$ that are not injective. These results allow a full generalization to quaternio…
A super-conformal map and a minimal surface are factored into a product of two maps by modeling the Euclidean four-space and the complex Euclidean plane on the set of all quaternions. One of these two maps is a holomorphic map or a meromorphic map. These conformal maps adopt properties of a holomorphic function or a meromorphic function. Analogs of the Liouville theorem, the Schwarz lemma, the Schwarz-Pick theorem, the Weierstrass factorization theorem, the Abel-Jacobi theorem, and a relation between zeros of a minimal surface and branch points of a super-conformal map are obtained.
The subject of this paper is the bounded level curves of a meromorphic function $f$ with domain $G$ such that each component of $\partial{G}$ consists of a level curve of $f$. (A primary example of such a function being a ratio of finite Blaschke products of different degrees, with domain $\mathbb{D}$.) We will first prove several facts about a single bounded level curve of a $f$ in isolation from the other level curves of $f$. We will then study how the level curves of $f$ lie with respect to each other. It is natural to expect that the sets $\{z:|f(z)|=ε\}$ vary continuously as $ε$ varies. W…
