We provide geometric conditions on the set of boundary points of infinite type of a smooth bounded pseudoconvex domain in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ which imply that the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann operator is compact. These conditions are formulated in terms of certain short time flows in suitable complex tangential directions. It is noteworthy that compactness is \emph{not} established via the known potential theoretic sufficient conditions. Our results generalize to $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ the corresponding $\mathbb C^{2}$ results due to the second author.
This paper surveys the theory of compactness of the d-bar-Neumann problem. It also contains several results which improve upon what was previously known.
We discuss compactness of the d-bar-Neumann operator in the setting of weighted L^2-spaces on C^n.$ For this purpose we use a description of relatively compact subsets of L^2- spaces. We also point out how to use this method to show that property (P) implies compactness for the d-bar-Neumann operator on a smoothly bounded pseudoconvex domain and mention an abstract functional analysis characterization of compactness of the d-bar-Neumann operator.
For smooth bounded pseudoconvex domains in $mathbb{C}^{2}$, we provide geometric conditions on (the points of infinite type in) the boundary which imply compactness of the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann operator. It is noteworthy that the proof of compactness does \emph{not} proceed via verifying the known potential theoretic sufficient conditions.
In this paper we discuss compactness estimates for the $\bar \partial $-Neumann problem in the setting of weighted $L^2$-spaces on $\mathbb{C}^n.$ For this purpose we use a version of the Rellich - Lemma for weighted Sobolev spaces.
For $1\leq q \leq n-2$, we provide explicit examples to demonstrate non-compactness of the Neumann operator for the Kohn Laplacian acting on $L^2$ $(0,q)$-forms on the unit ball in $(2n+1)$-dimensional Heisenberg space.
As an application of a new characterization of compactness of the $\bar\partial $-Neumann operator we derive a sufficient condition for compactness of the $\bar\partial $- Neumann operator on $(0,q)$-forms in weighted $L^2$-spaces on $\mathbb{C}^n.$
We show that a complex manifold M in the boundary of a smooth bounded pseudoconvex domain in C^n is an obstruction to compactness of the d-bar-Neumann operator on the domain, provided that at some point of M, the Levi form has the maximal possible rank n-1-dim(M) (i.e. the domain is strictly pseudoconvex in the directions transverse to M). In particular, an analytic disc is an obstruction, provided that at some point of the disc, the Levi form has only one zero eigenvalue. We also show that a boundary point where the Levi form has only one zero eigenvalue can be picked up by the plurisubharmon…
We show that compactness of the $\overline{\partial}$-Neumann operator is independent of the metric, and we give a new proof of this independence for subellipticity. We define an abstract obstruction to compactness, namely the common zero set of all the compactness multipliers, and we identify this subset of the boundary for convex domains in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ and for complete Hartogs domains in $\mathbb{C}^{2}$.
We prove that on smooth bounded pseudoconvex Hartogs domains in $\mathbb{C}^2$ compactness of the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann operator is equivalent to compactness of all Hankel operators with symbols smooth on the closure of the domain.
We show that Property $(P)$ of $\partialΩ$, compactness of the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann operators $N_1$, and compactness of Hankel operator on a smooth bounded pseudoconvex Hartogs domain $Ω={\{(z, w_1, w_2,\dots, w_n) \in \mathbb{C}^{n+1} \mid\sum_{k=1}^{n} |w_k|^2 < e^{-2φ(z)}, z\in\mathit{D}\}}$ are equivalent, where $D$ is a smooth bounded connected open set in $\mathbb{C}$.
The d-bar-Neumann operator on (0,q)-forms ($1\le q \le n$) on a bounded convex domain Omega in C^n is compact if and only if the boundary of Omega contains no complex analytic (equivalently: affine) variety of dimension greater than or equal to q.
Let X be a Hermitian complex space of pure dimension n. We show that the d-bar-Neumann operator on (p,q)-forms is compact at isolated singularities of X if q>0 and p+q is not equal to n-1 or n. The main step is the construction of compact solution operators for the d-bar-equation on such spaces which is based on a general characterization of compactness in function spaces on singular spaces, and that leads also to a criterion for compactness of more general Green operators on singular spaces.
By using a variant Property $(P_q)$ of Catlin, we discuss the relation of small set of weakly pseudoconvex points on the boundary of pseudoconvex domain and compactness of the $\overline{\partial}$-Neumann operator. In particular, we show that if the Hausdorff $(2n-2)$-dimensional measure of the weakly pseudoconvex points on the boundary of a smooth bounded pseudoconvex domain is zero, then the $\overline{\partial}$-Neumann operator $N_{n-1}$ is compact on $(0,n-1)$-level $L^2$-integrable forms.
Assume that $Ω_{1}$ and $Ω_{2}$ are two smooth bounded pseudoconvex domains in $\mathbb{C}^{2}$ that intersect (real) transversely, and that $Ω_{1} \cap Ω_{2}$ is a domain (i.e. is connected). If the $\overline{\partial}$-Neumann operators on $Ω_{1}$ and on $Ω_{2}$ are compact, then so is the $\overline{\partial}$-Neumann operator on $Ω_{1} \cap Ω_{2}$. The corresponding result holds for the $\overline{\partial}$-Neumann operators on $(0,n-1)$-forms on domains in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$.
Let $Ω$ be a $C^4$-smooth bounded pseudoconvex domain in $\mathbb{C}^2$. We show that if the $\overline{\partial}$-Neumann operator $N_1$ is compact on $L^2_{(0,1)}(Ω)$ then the embedding operator $\mathcal{J}:Dom(\overline{\partial})\cap Dom(\overline{\partial}^*) \to L^2_{(0,1)}(Ω)$ is $L^p$-regular for all $2\leq p<\infty$.
We study the asymptotic behavior, in a ``semi-classical limit'', of the first eigenvalues (i.e. the groundstate energies) of a class of Schrödinger operators with magnetic fields and the relationship of this behavior with compactness in the $\bar\partial$-Neumann problem on Hartogs domains in $\C^2$
Let $Ω\subset\C^n$ be a bounded smooth pseudoconvex domain. We show that compactness of the complex Green operator $G_{q}$ on $(0,q)$-forms on $bΩ$ implies compactness of the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann operator $N_{q}$ on $Ω$. We prove that if $1 \leq q \leq n-2$ and $bΩ$ satisfies $(P_q)$ and $(P_{n-q-1})$, then $G_{q}$ is a compact operator (and so is $G_{n-1-q}$). Our method relies on a jump type formula to represent forms on the boundary, and we prove an auxiliary compactness result for an `annulus' between two pseudoconvex domains. Our results, combined with the known characterization of co…
Let D be a bounded pseudoconvex domain in $C^n, n\geq 2, 0\leq p\leq n,$ and $1\leq q\leq n-1.$ We show that compactness of the dbar-Neumann operator, $N_{p,q+1},$ on square integrable (p,q+1)-forms is equivalent to compactness of the commutators $[P_{p,q}, \bar{z}_j]$ on square integrable dbar-closed (p,q)-forms for $1\leq j\leq n$ where $P_{p,q}$ is the Bergman projection on (p,q)-forms. We also show that compactness of the commutator of the Bergman projection with functions continuous on the closure percolates up in the dbar-complex on dbar-closed forms and square integrable holomorphic for…
We discuss compactness of the d-bar-Neumann operator in the setting of weighted L^2-spaces on b C^n. In addition we describe an approach to obtain the compactness estimates for the d-bar-Neumann operator. For this purpose we have to define appropriate weighted Sobolev spaces and prove an appropriate Rellich - Kondrachov lemma.
Compactness of the d-bar Neumann operator is studied for weakly pseudoconvex bounded Hartogs domains in two dimensions. A nonsmooth example is constructed in which condition (P) fails to hold, yet the Neumann operator is compact. The main result, in contrast, is that for smoothly bounded Hartogs domains, condition (P) of Catlin and Sibony is equivalent to compactness. The analyses of both compactness and condition (P) boil down to properties of the lowest eigenvalues of certain sequences of Schrodinger operators, with and without magnetic fields, parametrized by a Fourier variable resulting fr…
We study a complex valued version of the Sobolev inequalities and its relationship to compactness of the d-bar-Neumann operator. For this purpose we use an abstract characterization of compactness derived from a general description of precompact subsets in L^2-spaces. Finally we remark that the d-bar-Neumann operator can be continuously extended provided a subelliptic estimate holds.
On a smooth, bounded pseudoconvex domain $Ω$ in $\mathbb{C}^n$, to verify that Catlin's Property ($P$) holds for $bΩ$, it suffices to check that it holds on the set of D'Angelo infinite type boundary points. In this note, we consider the support of the Levi core, $S_{\mathfrak{C}(\mathcal{N})}$, a subset of the infinite type points, and show that Property ($P$) holds for $bΩ$ if and only if it holds for $S_{\mathfrak{C}(\mathcal{N})}$. Consequently, if Property ($P$) holds on $S_{\mathfrak{C}(\mathcal{N})}$, then the $\overline{\partial}$-Neumann operator $N_1$ is compact on $Ω$.
We establish compactness estimates for $\bar{\partial}_{M}$ on a compact pseudoconvex CR-submanifold $M$ of $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ of hypersurface type that satisfies the (analogue of the) geometric sufficient conditions for compactness of the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann operator given by the authors earlier. These conditions are formulated in terms of certain short time flows in complex tangential directions.
Let $\D=\D_1\setminus \Dc_2$, where $\D_1$ and $\D_2$ are two smooth bounded pseudoconvex domains in $\C^n, n\geq 3,$ such that $\Dc_2\subset \D_1.$ Assume that the $\dbar$-Neumann operator of $\D_1$ is compact and the interior of the Levi-flat points in the boundary of $\D_2$ is not empty (in the relative topology). Then we show that the Hankel operator on $\D$ with symbol $ϕ, H^{\D}_ϕ,$ is compact for every $ϕ\in C(\Dc)$ but the $\dbar$-Neumann operator on $\D$ is not compact.
By establishing a unified estimate of the twisted Kohn-Morrey-Hörmander estimate and the $q$-pseudoconvex Ahn-Zampieri estimate, we discuss variants of Property $(P_q)$ of Catlin and Property $(\widetilde{P_q})$ of McNeal on the boundary of a smooth pseudoconvex domain in $\mathbb{C}^n$ for certain high level forms. These variant conditions on the one side, imply $L^2$-compactness of the $\overline{\partial}$-Neumann operator on the associated domain, on the other side, are different from the classical Property $(P_q)$ and Property $(\widetilde{P_q})$. As an application of our result, we show …
By considering intrinsic geometric conditions, we introduce a new class of domains in complex Euclidean space. This class is invariant under biholomorphism and includes strongly pseudoconvex domains, finite type domains in dimension two, convex domains, $\mathbb{C}$-convex domains, and homogeneous domains. For this class of domains, we show that compactness of the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann operator on $(0,q)$-forms is equivalent to the boundary not containing any $q$-dimensional analytic varieties (assuming only that the boundary is a topological submanifold). We also prove, for this class of d…
A theory of global regularity of the d-bar-Neumann operator is developed which unifies the two principal approaches to date, namely the one via compactness due to Kohn-Nirenberg and Catlin, and the one via plurisubharmonic defining functions and/or vector fields that commute approximately with d-bar due to Boas and the author.
The $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann problem is the fundamental boundary value problem in several complex variables. It features an elliptic operator coupled with non-coercive boundary conditions. The problem is globally regular on many, but not all, pseudoconvex domains. We discuss several recent developments in the $L^{2}$-Sobolev theory of the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann problem that concern compactness and global regularity.
We derive a necessary condition for compactness of the weighted $\overline\partial$-Neumann operator on the space $L^2(\mathbb C^n,e^{-φ})$, under the assumption that the corresponding weighted Bergman space of entire functions has infinite dimension. Moreover, we compute the essential spectrum of the complex Laplacian for decoupled weights, $φ(z) = φ_1(z_1) + \dotsb + φ_n(z_n)$, and investigate (non-) compactness of the $\overline\partial$-Neumann operator in this case. More can be said if every $Δφ_j$ defines a nontrivial doubling measure.
We prove that the $\bar\partial$-Neumann solution operator is locally regular in a domain which has compactness estimates, is of finite type outside a curve transversal to the CR directions and for which the holomorphic tangential derivatives of a defining function are subelliptic multipliers in the sense of Kohn.
We establish a connection between compactness of Hankel operators and geometry of the underlying domain through compactness multipliers for the $\overline{\partial}$-Neumann operator. In particular, we prove that any compactness multiplier induces a compact Hankel operator. We also generalize the notion of compactness multipliers to vector fields and matrices and then we use this generalization to generate compact Hankel operators.
We give a sufficient condition for subelliptic estimates for the d-bar-Neumann operator on smoothly bounded, pseudoconvex domains in $\mathbb{C}^n$. This condition is a quantified version of McNeal's condition ($\tilde{P}$) for compactness of the d-bar-Neumann operator, and it extends Catlin's condition for subellipticity as it is less stringent.
We investigate tensor products of Hilbert complexes, in particular the (essential) spectrum of their Laplacians. It is shown that the essential spectrum of the Laplacian associated to the tensor product complex is computable in terms of the spectra of the factors. Applications are given for the $\overline\partial$-Neumann problem on the product of two or more Hermitian manifolds, especially regarding (non-) compactness of the associated $\overline\partial$-Neumann operator.
Recall that the Hilbert (Riemann-Hilbert) boundary value problem for the Beltrami equations was recently solved for general settings in terms of nontangential limits and principal asymptotic values. Here it is developed a new approach making possible to obtain new results on tangential limits in multiply connected domains. It is shown that the spaces of the found solutions have the infinite dimension for prescribed families of Jordan arcs terminating in almost every boundary point. We give also applications of results obtained by us for the Beltrami equations to the boundary value problems of …
Let $Ω$ be an unbounded, pseudoconvex domain in $\Bbb C^n$ and let $φ$ be a $\mathcal C^2$-weight function plurisubharmonic on $Ω$. We show both necessary and sufficient conditions for existence and compactness of a weighted $\bar\partial$-Neumann operator $N_φ$ on the space $L^2_{(0,1)}(Ω,e^{-φ})$ in terms of the eigenvalues of the complex Hessian $(\partial ^2φ/\partial z_j\partial\bar z_k)_{j,k}$ of the weight. We also give some applications to the unweighted $\bar\partial$-Neumann problem on unbounded domains.
This thesis deals with Partial Differential Equations in Several Complex Variables and especially focuses on a general estimate for the $\bar\partial$-Neumann problem on a domain which is $q$-pseudoconvex or $q$-pseudoconcave at a boundary point $z_0$. Generalizing Property ($P$) by \cite{C84}, we define Property $(f\T-\M\T-P)^k$ at $z_0$. This property yields the estimate {(f\T-\M)^k} \qquad \no{f(Λ)\mathcal M u}^2\le c(\no{\bar\partial u}^2+\no{\bar\partial^*u}^2+\no{u}^2)+C_\M\no{u}^2_{-1} for any $u\in C^\infty_c(U\cap \barΩ)^k\cap \T{Dom}(\dib^*)$ where $U$ is a neighborhood of $z_0$. We …
These notes are concerned with the $L^{2}$-Sobolev theory of the complex Green operator on pseudoconvex, oriented, bounded and closed CR--submanifolds of $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ of hypersurface type. This class of submanifolds generalizes that of boundaries of pseudoconvex domains. We first discuss briefly the CR--geometry of general CR--submanifolds and then specialize to this class. Next, we review the basic $L^{2}$-theory of the tangential Cauchy-Riemann operator and the associated complex Green operator(s) on these submanifolds. After these preparations, we discuss recent results on compactness a…
Let $M$ be a pseudoconvex, oriented, bounded and closed CR submanifold of $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ of hypersurface type. We show that Sobolev estimates for the complex Green operator hold simultaneously for forms of symmetric bidegrees, that is, they hold for $(p,q)$--forms if and only if they hold for $(m-p,m-1-q)$--forms. Here $m$ equals the CR dimension of $M$ plus one. Symmetries of this type are known to hold for compactness estimates. We further show that with the usual microlocalization, compactness estimates for the positive part percolate up the complex, i.e. if they hold for $(p,q)$--forms, …
The well-known Axler-Zheng theorem characterizes compactness of finite sums of finite products of Toeplitz operators on the unit disk in terms of the Berezin transform of these operators. Subsequently this theorem was generalized to other domains and appeared in different forms, including domains in $\mathbb{C}^n$ on which the $\overline{\partial}$-Neumann operator $N$ is compact. In this work we remove the assumption on $N$, and we study weighted Bergman spaces on smooth bounded pseudoconvex domains. We prove a local version of the Axler-Zheng theorem characterizing compactness of Toeplitz op…
The $L^2$ theory of the $\bar\partial$ operator on domains in $\mathbb{C}^n$ is predicated on establishing a good basic estimate. Typically, one proves not a single basic estimate but a family of basic estimates that we call a family of strong closed range estimates. Using this family of estimates on $(0,q)$-forms as our starting point, we establish necessary geometric and potential theoretic conditions. The paper concludes with several applications. We investigate the consequences for compactness estimates for the $\bar\partial$-Neumann problem, and we also establish a generalization of Kohn'…
