W. N. Everitt, D. J. Smith, M. van Hoeij
This note reports on the recent advancements in the search for explicit representation, in classical special functions, of the solutions of the fourth-order ordinary differential equations named Bessel-type, Jacobi-type, Laguerre-type, Legendre-type.
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Linearization problem of ordinary differential equations by a new set of tangent transformations is considered in the paper. This set of transformations allows one to extend the set of transformations applied for the linearization problem. Criteria for fourth-order ordinary differential equations to be linearizable are obtained in a particular case; a linearization test and procedure for obtaining the linearizing transformations are provided in explicit forms.
Using geometric methods for linearizing systems of second order cubically semi-linear ordinary differential equations and third order quintically semi-linear ordinary differential equations, we extend to the fourth order by differentiating the third order equation. This yields criteria for linearizability of a class of fourth order semi-linear ordinary differential equations, which have not been discussed in the literature previously. It is shown that the procedure can be extended to higher order. Though the results for the higher orders are complicated, they are doable by algebraic computing.…
We present here the solution of the problem on linearization of fourth-order equations by means of point transformations. We show that all fourth-order equations that are linearizable by point transformations are contained in the class of equations which is linear in the third-order derivative. We provide the linearization test and describe the procedure for obtaining the linearizing transformations as well as the linearized equation.
Meleshko presented a new method for reducing third order autonomous ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to Lie linearizable second order ODEs. We extended his work by reducing fourth order autonomous ODEs to second and third order linearizable ODEs and then applying the Ibragimov and Meleshko linearization test for the obtained ODEs. The application of the algorithm to several ODEs is also presented.
This survey paper reports on the properties of the fourth-order Bessel-type linear ordinary differential equation, on the generated self-adjoint differential operators in two associated Hilbert function spaces, and on the generalisation of the classical Hankel integral transform. These results are based upon the properties of the classical Bessel and Laguerre secondorder differential equations, and on the fourth-order Laguerre-type differential equation. From these differential equations and their solutions, limit processes yield the fourth-order Bessel-type functions and the associated differ…
Some solutions for one class of nonlinear fourth-order partial differential equations \[u_{tt} = ({κu + γu^2})_{xx} + νuu_{xxxx} + μu_{xxtt} + αu_x u_{xxx} + βu_{xx}^2 \] where $α,\;β,\;γ,\;μ,\,ν$ and $κ$ are arbitrary constants are presented in the paper. This equation may be thought of as a fourth-order analogue of a generalization of the Camassa-Holm equation, about which there has been considerable recent interest. Furthermore, this equation is a Boussinesq-type equation which arises as a model of vibrations of harmonic mass-spring chain. The idea of travelling wave solutions and lineariza…
In this paper, we consider the solvability of a class of nonlinear fourth order integro-differential equations with Navier boundary condition. We first deal with a corresponding linear problem and establish a maximum principle. Using the maximum principle, we develop a monotone iterative technique in the presence of lower and upper solutions to solve the nonlinear problem under certain conditions. Some examples are presented to illustrate the main results.
This article deals with the asymptotic behavior of fourth order differential equation where the coefficients are perturbations of linear constant coefficient equation. We introduce a change of variable and deduce that the new variable satisfies a third order differential equation of Riccati type. We assume three hypothesis. The first is the following: all roots of the characteristic polynomial associated to the fourth order linear equation has distinct real part. The other two hypothesis are related with the behavior of the perturbation functions. Under this general hypothesis we obtain four m…
The purpose of this work is to analyse a family of mutually orthogonal polynomials on the unit ball with respect to an inner product which includes an additional term on the sphere. First, we will get connection formulas relating classical multivariate orthogonal polynomials on the ball with our family of orthogonal polynomials. Then, using the representation of these polynomials in terms of spherical harmonics, algebraic and differential properties will be deduced.
We study a one-parameter family of the fourth-order ordinary differential equations obtained by similarity reduction of the modifed Sawada-Kotera equation. We show that the birational transformations take this equation to the polynomial Hamiltonian system in dimension four. We make this polynomial Hamiltonian from the viewpoint of accessible singularity and local index. We also give its symmetry and holomorphy conditions. These properties are new. Moreover, we introduce a symmetric form in dimension five for this Hamiltonian system by taking the two invariant divisors as the dependent variable…
Point transformations of the 3-rd order ordinary differential equations are considered. Special classes of ordinary differential equations that are invariant under the general point transformations are constructed.
For any $n\in\mathbb{N}$ a nonlinear ordinary differential equation with Lie algebra of point symmetries isomorphic to $\frak{sl}(2,\mathbb{R})$ is given.
The purpose of this note is to present a formulation of a given nonlinear ordinary differential equation into an equivalent system of linear ordinary differential equations. It is evident that the easiness of a such procedure would be able to open a new way in order to calculate or approximate the solution of an ordinary differential equation. Some examples are presented.
The Lie linearizability criteria are extended to complex functions for complex ordinary differential equations. The linearizability of complex ordinary differential equations is used to study the linearizability of corresponding systems of two real ordinary differential equations. The transformations that map a system of two nonlinear ordinary differential equations into systems of linear ordinary differential equations are obtained from complex transformations. Invariant criteria for linearization are given for second order complex ordinary differential equations in terms of the coefficients …
We obtain priory estimates and sufficient conditions for Kneser solutions of ordinary differential equations to vanish in a neighborhood of infinity
In this work, we give the power series solutions around an ordinary point, in the case of variable coefficients, homogeneous sequential linear conformable fractional differential equations of order 2α. Further, we introduce the conformable fractional Hermite differential equations, conformable fractional Hermite polynomials and basic properties of these polynomials.
This paper has been withdrawn.
It is shown that positivity in $(0,1)\times (0,1)$ of Green function of positively defined fourth-order ordinary differential operator (with separated boundary conditions) is a criterium of sign-regularity of this operator.
On a general method for deriving a fourth-order differential equation satisfied by Laguerre-Hahn orthogonal polynomials with new results for the class 0 analogous to Hermite
本文提出一种构造性方法，通过结构关系、逐次导数和代数消元技术，推导Laguerre-Hahn正交多项式序列满足的四阶线性微分方程，并给出类0的新结果。
We present in this paper a detailed note on the computation of Puiseux series solutions of the Riccatti equation associated with a homogeneous linear ordinary differential equation. This paper is a continuation of [1] which was on the complexity of solving arbitrary ordinary polynomial differential equations in terms of Puiseux series.
The Riccati equation method is used to establish Kamenev type conditions for the existence of oscillatory solutions to third order linear ordinary differential equations. Three oscillatory theorems are proved, which generalize the Lazer's oscillation criterion.
We consider the uniqueness of solutions of ordinary differential equations where the coefficients may have singularities. We derive upper bounds on the the order of singularities of the coefficients and provide examples to illustrate the results.
We prove a result on the convex dependence of solutions of ordinary differential equations on an ordered finite-dimensional real vector space with respect to the initial data.
In this paper we use the Riccati equation method with other ones to establish global solvability, stability and oscillation criteria for a class of two dimensional nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations, which is a generalization of wide classes of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations, studied by many authors. The applicability of some of these criteria are illustrated by examples.
We discuss ordinary differential equations with delay and memory terms in Hilbert spaces. By introducing a time derivative as a normal operator in an appropriate Hilbert space, we develop a new approach to a solution theory covering integro-differential equations, neutral differential equations and general delay differential equations within a unified framework. We show that reasonable differential equations lead to causal solution operators.
The Riccati equation method and an approach of the use of unknown factors is used to establish oscillation, suboscillation and nonoscillation criteria for linear systems of ordinary differential equations. A necessary condition for Lyapunov (asymptotic) stability for these systems is obtained.
In this paper we study the general group classification of systems of linear second-order ordinary differential equations inspired from earlier works and recent results on the group classification of such systems. Some interesting results and subsequent Theorem arising from this particular study are discussed here. This paper considers the study of irreducible systems of second-order ordinary differential equations.
The Riccati equation method is used to establish some new stability criteria for systems of two linear first-order ordinary differential equations. It is shown that two of these criteria in the two dimensional case imply the Routh - Hurwitz's criterion.
We give two conditions that are necessary and sufficient for the uniqueness of Filippov solutions of scalar, autonomous ordinary differential equations with discontinuous velocity fields. When only one of the two conditions is satisfied, we give a natural selection criterion that guarantees uniqueness of the solution.
We present a new smoothness result for Caputo-type fractional ordinary differential equations, which reveals that, subtracting a non-smooth function that can be obtained by the information available, a non-smooth solution belongs to $ C^m $ for some positive integer $ m $.
A universal ordinary differential equation $C^{\infty}$ of order 3 is constructed here. The equation is universal in the sense that any continuous function on a real segment can be approximated by a solution of this equation with an arbitrary accuracy in uniform norm.
In this paper two theorems which describe dissipative boundary conditions for ordinary differential operators on a closed interval are proved. We also show that all these boundary conditions are Birkhoff regular in even case. In odd case this is not true and we bring an example which demonstrates it.
Picone-type identities are established for half-linear ODEs of fourth order (one-dimensional p-biLaplacian). It is shown that in the linear case they reduce to the known identities for fourth order linear ODEs. Picone-type identity known for two half-linear second-order equations is also generalised to set of equations greater than two.
The Riccati equation method is used to establish an oscillatory and a non oscillatory criteria for nonhomogeneous linear systems of two first-order ordinary differential equations. It is shown that the obtained oscillatory criterion is a generalization of J. S. W. Wong's oscillatory criterion.
Recently, a new fractional derivative called the conformable fractional derivative is given which is based on the basic limit definition of the derivative in [1]. Then, the fractional versions of chain rules, exponential functions, Gronwall's inequality, integration by parts, Taylor power series expansions is developed in [2]. In this paper, we give conformable fractional differential transform method and its application to conformable fractional differential equations.
In this paper we construct explicit connection coefficients and monodromy representations for the canonical solution matrices of Okubo systems ${\rm II}^*$, ${\rm III}^*$, ${\rm IV}$ and ${\rm IV}^*$ of ordinary differential equations in Yokoyama's list. This work is a continuation of our previous work arXiv:1606.07187.
The Riccati equation method is used to establish a new stability criteria for linear systems of ordinary differential equations. Two examples are presented in which the obtained result is compared with the results obtained by the Lyapunov and Bogdanov methods, by a method involving estimates of solutions in the Lozinskii logarithmic norms and by the freezing method.
A new problem is studied, the concept of exactness of a second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations is established. A method is constructed to reduce this class into a first order equations. If the second order equation is not exact we introduce, under certain conditions, an integrating factor that transform it to an exact one.
In the present paper authors introduce the L_n-integral transform and the inverse integral transform for n = 2^k, k=0,1,2,..., as a generalization of the classical Laplace transform and the inverse Laplace transform, respectively. Applicability of this transforms in solving linear ordinary differential equations is analyzed. Some illustrative examples are also given.
The article provides a local classification of singularities of meromorphic second order linear differential equation with respect to analytic/meromorphic linear point transformations. It also addresses the problem of determining the Lie algebra of analytic linear infinitesimal symmetries of the singularities.
We find an explicit integral formula for the eigenfunctions of a fourth order differential operator against the kernel involving two Bessel functions. Our formula establishes the relation between K-types in two different realizations of the minimal representation of the indefinite orthogonal group, namely the L^2-model and the conformal model.
We study ordinary differential equations of the type $u^{(n)}(t)=f(u(t))$ with initial conditions $u(0) = u'(0) =... = u^{(m-1)}(0) = 0 $ and $u^{(m)}(0) \neq 0$ where $m \geq n$, no additional assumption is made on $f$. We establish some uniqueness results and show that $f$ is always Hölder continuous.
Five equivalence classes had been found for systems of two second-order ordinary differential equations, transformable to linear equations (linearizable systems) by a change of variables. An "optimal (or simplest) canonical form" of linear systems had been established to obtain the symmetry structure, namely with 5, 6, 7, 8 and 15 dimensional Lie algebras. For those systems that arise from a scalar complex second-order ordinary differential equation, treated as a pair of real ordinary differential equations, a "reduced optimal canonical form" is obtained. This form yields three of the five equ…
At present, only some special differential equations have explicit analytical solutions. In general, no one thinks that it is possible to analytically find the exact solution of nonlinear equations. In this article based on the idea that the numerical scheme with zero truncation error can give rise to exact solution, a general formula for the exact solution of the initial value problem of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is obtained. Meanwhile, this formula enables us to construct a numerical scheme with zero truncation error for solving the nonlinear differential equations.
When studying boundary value problems for some partial differential equations arising in applied mathematics, we often have to study the solution of a system of partial differential equations satisfied by hypergeometric functions and find explicit linearly independent solutions for the system. In this study, we construct self-similar solutions of some model degenerate partial differential equations of the second, third, and fourth order. These self-similar solutions are expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions.
Extensive work has been done on the group classification of systems of equations in the literature. This paper identifies the gap in the literature which concerns the group classification of systems of two autonomous nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equations. We provide a complete group classification using two approaches which form the essence of this paper and argue that this can be applied to systems of autonomous nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equations which occur in many physical applications.
The Riccati equations reducible to first-order linear equations by an appropriate change the dependent variable are singled out. All these equations are integrable by quadrature. A wide class of linear ordinary differential equations reducible to algebraic equations is found. It depends on two arbitrary functions. The method for solving all these equations is given. The new class contains the constant coefficient equations and Euler's equations as particular cases.
Fourth order problems, with the differential equation $y^{(4)}-(gy')'=λ^2y$, where $g\in C^1[0,a]$ and $a>0$, occur in engineering on stability of elastic rods. They occur as well in aeronautics to describe the stability of a flexible missile. Fourth order Birkhoff regular problems with the differential equation $y^{(4)}-(gy')'=λ^2y$ and eigenvalue dependent boundary conditions are considered. These problems have quadratic operator representations with non self-adjoint operators. The first four terms of the asymptotics of the eigenvalues of the problems as well as those of the eigenvalues of t…
The Riccati equation method is used to establish three new oscillatory criteria for the second order linear ordinary differential equations in the marginal, sub extremal and extremal cases.We show that the first of these criteria implies the J. Deng's oscillatory criterion. An extremal oscillatory condition for the Mathieu's equation is obtained. The obtained results are compared with some known oscillatory criteria.
We develop a theory of "special functions" associated to a certain fourth order differential operator $\mathcal{D}_{μ,ν}$ on $\mathbb{R}$ depending on two parameters $μ,ν$. For integers $μ,ν\geq-1$ with $μ+ν\in2\mathbb{N}_0$ this operator extends to a self-adjoint operator on $L^2(\mathbb{R}_+,x^{μ+ν+1}dx)$ with discrete spectrum. We find a closed formula for the generating functions of the eigenfunctions, from which we derive basic properties of the eigenfunctions such as orthogonality, completeness, $L^2$-norms, integral representations and various recurrence relations. This fourth order dif…
We introduce orthogonal polynomials $M_j^{μ,\ell}(x)$ as eigenfunctions of a certain self-adjoint fourth order differential operator depending on two parameters $μ\in\mathbb{C}$ and $\ell\in\mathbb{N}_0$. These polynomials arise as $K$-finite vectors in the $L^2$-model of the minimal unitary representations of indefinite orthogonal groups, and reduce to the classical Laguerre polynomials $L_j^μ(x)$ for $\ell=0$. We establish various recurrence relations and integral representations for our polynomials, as well as a closed formula for the $L^2$-norm. Further we show that they are uniquely deter…
We study a higher order parabolic partial differential equation that arises in the context of condensed matter physics. It is a fourth order semilinear equation whose nonlinearity is the determinant of the Hessian matrix of the solution. We consider this model in a bounded domain of the real plane and study its stationary solutions both when the geometry of this domain is arbitrary and when it is the unit ball and the solution is radially symmetric. We also consider the initial-boundary value problem for the full parabolic equation. We summarize our results on existence of solutions in these c…
The spectral method for building first integrals of ordinary linear differential systems is elaborated. Using this method, we obtain bases of first integrals for linear differential systems with constant coefficients, for linear nonautonomous differential systems integrable in closed form (algebraic reducible systems, triangular systems, the Lappo-Danilevskii systems), and for reducible ordinary differential systems with respect to various transformation groups.
We study symmetry and holomorphy of the third-order ordinary differential equation satisfied by the third Painlevé Hamiltonian.
We use E. Cartan's method to solve the problem of equivalence of the second order ordinary differential equations with respect to the pseudogroup of point transformations.
We study tuples of matrices with rigidity index two in $\Sp_4(\mathbb{C})$, which are potentially induced by differential operators of Calabi-Yau type. The constructions of those monodromy tuples via algebraic operations and middle convolutions and the related constructions on the level differential operators lead to previously known and new examples.
We continue the study of the center problem for the ordinary differential equation $v'=\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}a_{i}(x)v^{i+1}$ started in our earlier papers. In this paper we present the highlights of the algebraic theory of centers.
Some properties of global solution of scalar Riccati equation are studied. On the basis of these properties using the Whiburn's and Leighton - Nehary's theorems some oscillatory and criteria are proved for second order linear systems of ordinary differential equations.
We present a short proof, relaying on the divergence theorem, verifying that minimal sets in the plane are trivial.
Conditions are given for a class of nonlinear ordinary differential equations x''(t)+a(t)w(x)=0, t>=1, which includes the linear equation to possess solutions x(t) with prescribed oblique asymptote that have an oscillatory pseudo-wronskian x'(t)-x(t)/t.
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