Michelle L. Wachs
These lecture notes for the IAS/Park City Graduate Summer School in Geometric Combinatorics (July 2004) provide an overview of poset topology. These notes include introductory material, as well as recent developments and open problems. Some of the topics covered are: subspace arrangements, graph complexes, group actions on poset homology, shellability, recursive techniques, and fiber theorems.
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In recent years we have worked on a project involving poset topology, various analogues of Eulerian polynomials, and a refinement of Richard Stanley's chromatic symmetric function. Here we discuss how Stanley's ideas and results have influenced and inspired our own work.
Special partial matchings (SPMs) are a generalisation of Brenti's special matchings. Let a \emph{pircon} be a poset in which every non-trivial principal order ideal is finite and admits an SPM. Thus pircons generalise Marietti's zircons. We prove that every open interval in a pircon is a PL ball or a PL sphere. It is then demonstrated that Bruhat orders on certain twisted identities and quasiparabolic $W$-sets constitute pircons. Together, these results extend a result of Can, Cherniavsky, and Twelbeck, prove a conjecture of Hultman, and confirm a claim of Rains and Vazirani.
For each composition $\vec{c}$ we show that the order complex of the poset of pointed set partitions $Π^{\bullet}_{\vec{c}}$ is a wedge of spheres of the same dimension with the multiplicity given by the number of permutations with descent composition $\vec{c}$. Furthermore, the action of the symmetric group on the top homology is isomorphic to the Specht module $S^{B}$ where $B$ is a border strip associated to the composition. We also study the filter of pointed set partitions generated by a knapsack integer partition and show the analogous results on homotopy type and action on the top homol…
For a discrete poset $\mathcal X$, McCord proved that the natural map $|{\mathcal X}|\to {\mathcal X}$, from the order complex to the poset with the Up topology, is a weak homotopy equivalence. Much later, uZivaljević defined the notion of order complex for a topological poset. For a large class of such topological posets we prove the analog of McCord's theorem, namely that the natural map from the order complex to the topological poset with the Up topology is a weak homotopy equivalence. An example is the Grassmann poset of proper non-zero linear subspaces of $\R^{n+1}$. Here, Vassiliev had c…
The set of all permutations, ordered by pattern containment, forms a poset. This paper presents the first explicit major results on the topology of intervals in this poset. We show that almost all (open) intervals in this poset have a disconnected subinterval and are thus not shellable. Nevertheless, there seem to be large classes of intervals that are shellable and thus have the homotopy type of a wedge of spheres. We prove this to be the case for all intervals of layered permutations that have no disconnected subintervals of rank 3 or more. We also characterize in a simple way those interval…
Poset topology, moves, and Bruhat interval polytope lattices
本文研究了方向简单多面体1骨架定向所形成的格点拓扑，证明了布雷哈特区间多面体格子中秩序复形的同调性质，并展示了饱和链在特定移动下的连通性，尤其在格拉姆斯曼排列情况下加强了波斯诺夫定理的限制。
Ceballos and Pons generalized weak order on permutations to a partial order on certain labeled trees, thereby introducing a new class of lattices called $s$-weak order. They also generalized the Tamari lattice by defining a particular sublattice of $s$-weak order called the $s$-Tamari lattice. We prove that the homotopy type of each open interval in $s$-weak order and in the $s$-Tamari lattice is either a ball or sphere. We do this by giving $s$-weak order and the $s$-Tamari lattice a type of edge labeling known as an SB-labeling. We characterize which intervals are homotopy equivalent to sphe…
We introduce a formal definition of a pattern poset which encompasses several previously studied posets in the literature. Using this definition we present some general results on the Möbius function and topology of such pattern posets. We prove our results using a poset fibration based on the embeddings of the poset, where embeddings are representations of occurrences. We show that the Möbius function of these posets is intrinsically linked to the number of embeddings, and in particular to so called normal embeddings. We present results on when topological properties such as Cohen-Macaulaynes…
This paper studies the poset of eigenspaces of elements of an imprimitive unitary reflection group, for a fixed eigenvalue, ordered by the reverse of inclusion. The study of this poset is suggested by the eigenspace theory of Springer and Lehrer. The posets are shown to be isomorphic to certain subposets of Dowling lattices (the `d-divisible, k-evenly coloured Dowling lattices'). This enables us to prove that these posets are Cohen-Macaulay, and to determine the dimension of their top homology.
The eigenspace theory of unitary reflection groups, initiated by Springer and Lehrer, suggests that the following object is worthy of study: the poset of eigenspaces of elements of a unitary reflection group, for a fixed eigenvalue, ordered by the reverse of inclusion. We investigate topological properties of this poset. The new results extend the well-known work of Orlik and Solomon on the lattice of intersections of hyperplanes.
We develop a tighter implementation of basic PL topology, which keeps track of some combinatorial structure beyond PL homeomorphism type. With this technique we clarify some aspects of PL transversality and give combinatorial proofs of a number of known results. New results include a combinatorial characterization of collapsible polyhedra in terms of constructible posets (generalizing face posets of constructible simplicial complexes in the sense of Hochster). The relevant constructible posets are also characterized in terms of Reading's zipping of posets, which is a variation of edge contract…
In this paper we study general torus actions on manifolds with isolated fixed points from combinatorial point of view. The main object of study is the poset of face submanifolds of such actions. We introduce the notion of a locally geometric poset -- the graded poset locally modelled by geometric lattices, and prove that for any torus action, the poset of its faces is locally geometric. Next we discuss the relations between posets of faces and GKM-theory. In particular, we define the face poset of an abstract GKM-graph and show how to reconstruct the face poset of a manifold from its GKM-graph…
A topology on the poset of quiver mutation classes
本文构建了有向图突变类的拓扑结构，揭示了突变不变和继承性质与偏序集下集的对应关系，并探讨了该空间的拓扑性质及未来研究方向。
We introduce a family of quasisymmetric functions called {\em Eulerian quasisymmetric functions}, which have the property of specializing to enumerators for the joint distribution of the permutation statistics, major index and excedance number on permutations of fixed cycle type. This family is analogous to a family of quasisymmetric functions that Gessel and Reutenauer used to study the joint distribution of major index and descent number on permutations of fixed cycle type. Our central result is a formula for the generating function for the Eulerian quasisymmetric functions, which specialize…
On the topology of conormal complexes and posets of matroids
本文研究了 matroid 的 biflats poset 的拓扑结构，证明了其与 conormal 复形和 Bergman 复形的 join 是简单同调等价的，并探讨了它们的组合性质。
We introduce a version of discrete Morse theory for posets. This theory studies the topology of the order complexes K(X) of h-regular posets X from the critical points of admissible matchings on X. Our approach is related to R. Forman's discrete Morse theory for CW-complexes and generalizes Forman and Chari's results on the face posets of regular CW-complexes. We also introduce a homological variant of the theory that can be used to study the topology of triangulable homology manifolds by means of their order triangulations.
We develop a novel tool to study the fixed point property of finite posets using a topological approach. Our tool is a construction which turns out to induce an endofunctor of the homotopy category of finite $T_0$--spaces. We study many properties of this construction and give several examples of application.
Motivated by the work of Panina and her coauthors on cyclopermutohedron we study a poset whose elements correspond to equivalence classes of partitions of the set $\{1,\cdots, n+1\}$ up to cyclic permutations and orientation reversion. This poset is the face poset of a regular CW complex which we call bi-cyclopermutohedron and denote it by $\mathrm{QP}_{n+1}$. The complex $\mathrm{QP}_{n+1}$ contains subcomplexes homeomorphic to moduli space of certain planar polygons with $n+1$ sides up to isometries. In this article we find an optimal discrete Morse function on $\mathrm{QP}_{n+1}$ and use it…
We present a beautiful interplay between combinatorial topology and homological algebra for a class of monoids that arise naturally in algebraic combinatorics. We explore several applications of this interplay. For instance, we provide a new interpretation of the Leray number of a clique complex in terms of non-commutative algebra. Résumé. Nous présentons une magnifique interaction entre la topologie combinatoire et l'algèbre homologique d'une classe de monoïdes qui figurent naturellement dans la combinatoire algébrique. Nous explorons plusieurs applications de cette interaction. Par exemple, …
The $m$-Tamari lattices $\mathcal{T}_{n}^{(m)}$ were recently introduced by Bergeron and Préville-Ratelle as posets on $m$-Dyck paths, and it was shown by Bousquet-Mélou, Fusy and Préville-Ratelle that these lattices form intervals in the classical Tamari lattice $\mathcal{T}_{nm}$. It follows from a theorem by Björner and Wachs and a basic property of EL-shellable posets, that the $m$-Tamari lattices are EL-shellable. In this article, we define a new EL-labeling of the $m$-Tamari lattices completely in terms of $m$-Dyck paths. With the help of this labeling, we compute the values of the Möbiu…
In recent years it has been noted that a number of combinatorial structures such as real and complex hyperplane arrangements, interval greedoids, matroids and oriented matroids have the structure of a finite monoid called a left regular band. Random walks on the monoid model a number of interesting Markov chains such as the Tsetlin library and riffle shuffle. The representation theory of left regular bands then comes into play and has had a major influence on both the combinatorics and the probability theory associated to such structures. In a recent paper, the authors established a close conn…
We introduce new methods for understanding the topology of $\Hom$ complexes (spaces of homomorphisms between two graphs), mostly in the context of group actions on graphs and posets. We view $\Hom(T,-)$ and $\Hom(-,G)$ as functors from graphs to posets, and introduce a functor $(-)^1$ from posets to graphs obtained by taking atoms as vertices. Our main structural results establish useful interpretations of the equivariant homotopy type of $\Hom$ complexes in terms of spaces of equivariant poset maps and $Γ$-twisted products of spaces. When $P = F(X)$ is the face poset of a simplicial complex $…
Let $Λ$ be a finite-dimensional algebra over a field $K$. We describe how Buan and Marsh's $τ$-exceptional sequences can be used to give a "brick labeling" of a certain poset of wide subcategories of finitely-generated $Λ$-modules. When $Λ$ is representation-directed, we prove that there exists a total order on the set of bricks which makes this into an EL-labeling. Motivated by the connection between classical exceptional sequences and noncrossing partitions, we then turn our attention towards the study of (well-separated) completely semidistributive lattices. Such lattices come equipped with…
The face poset of the permutohedron realizes the combinatorics of linearly ordered partitions of the set $[n]=\{1,...,n\}$. Similarly, the cyclopermutohedron is a virtual polytope that realizes the combinatorics of cyclically ordered partitions of the set $[n+1]$. The cyclopermutohedron was introduced by the third author by motivations coming from configuration spaces of polygonal linkages. In the paper we prove two facts: (1) the volume of the cyclopermutohedron equals zero, and (2) the homology groups $H_k$ for $k=0,...,n-2$ of the face poset of the cyclopermutohedron are non-zero free abeli…
Notes on the topology of independence structures
本文研究预独立空间中独立集偏序集及平坦集偏序集的拓扑性质，证明其在无限维时可缩、有限维时为 Cohen-Macaulay，从而推广了有限拟阵的独立性复形与几何格的相应结果。
Posets arising as 1-skeleta of simple polytopes, the nonrevisiting path conjecture, and poset topology
本文研究由简单多面体1-骨架经通用线性泛函定向所得格结构，证明共同覆盖元素的并等于最小面的汇，提出无向路径不重访面的猜想及其对单纯形法高效性的意义，并证明开区间序复形同伦等价于球或球面，应用于弱Bruhat序、Tamari格和Cambrian格。
Cluster-permutohedra and submanifolds of flag varieties with torus actions
本文揭示了cluster-permutohedron与稀疏等谱Hermitian矩阵流形的环面拓扑间的关系，证明面偏序集同构性，并利用同伦性质探讨等变形式性障碍，同时推广该结构以描述Grassmann流形等一大类流形的组合结构。
Using the tools of algebraic Morse theory, and the thin poset approach to constructing homology theories, we give a categorification of Whitney's broken circuit theorem for the chromatic polynomial, and for Stanley's chromatic symmetric function.
A note on limits of sequences of binary trees
本文提出基于子树大小的二叉树收敛概念，研究了其拓扑性质与度量空间结构，并针对随机输入下搜索排序算法产生的嵌套树序列，利用局部可交换性导出了具有混合渐近正态性的中心极限定理。
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