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arXiv 0907.5079math.COmath.AT
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Hom复形的拓扑与有界色数的测试图

Topology of Hom complexes and test graphs for bounding chromatic number

Anton Dochtermann, Carsten Schultz

摘要:

我们介绍了新的方法来理解的拓扑结构的$\Hom$复合物(空间之间的同态两个图),主要是在图和偏序集上的群作用的背景下。我们把$\Hom(T,-)$和$\Hom(-,G)$看作是从图到偏序集的函子,并引入一个从偏序集到以原子为顶点的图的函子$(-)^1$.我们的主要结构结果建立了有用的解释的等变同伦型的$\Hom$复形的等变偏序集映射的空间和空间的$Γ$ -扭曲的产品。当$P = F(X)$是单纯复$X$的面偏序集时,这为控制$\Hom$复形的拓扑结构提供了一种有用的方法。我们最重要的应用这些结果是建设新的家庭的“测试图”与任意大的色数-图$T$的性质,$\Hom(T,G)$的连通性提供了最好的可能的下界上的色数的$G$。特别是,我们专注于两个无限的家庭,我们认为高维类似的奇周期。“球面图”家族与同态对偶的概念有关,而“扭曲环面图”家族则使我们建立了一个猜想的弱化版本(由于Lovász),该猜想将色数的拓扑下界与最大度联系起来。其他结构的结果使我们能够表明,任何有限的单纯复$X$的自由行动的对称组$S_n$可以近似到$S_n$同伦等价为$\Hom(K_n,G)$的一些图$G$,这是一个推广的结果Csorba。最后,我们对我们研究中涉及的基本范畴概念进行了一些讨论。

英文摘要:

We introduce new methods for understanding the topology of $\Hom$ complexes (spaces of homomorphisms between two graphs), mostly in the context of group actions on graphs and posets. We view $\Hom(T,-)$ and $\Hom(-,G)$ as functors from graphs to posets, and introduce a functor $(-)^1$ from posets to graphs obtained by taking atoms as vertices. Our main structural results establish useful interpretations of the equivariant homotopy type of $\Hom$ complexes in terms of spaces of equivariant poset maps and $Γ$-twisted products of spaces. When $P = F(X)$ is the face poset of a simplicial complex $X$, this provides a useful way to control the topology of $\Hom$ complexes. Our foremost application of these results is the construction of new families of `test graphs' with arbitrarily large chromatic number - graphs $T$ with the property that the connectivity of $\Hom(T,G)$ provides the best possible lower bound on the chromatic number of $G$. In particular we focus on two infinite families, which we view as higher dimensional analogues of odd cycles. The family of `spherical graphs' have connections to the notion of homomorphism duality, whereas the family of `twisted toroidal graphs' lead us to establish a weakened version of a conjecture (due to Lovász) relating topological lower bounds on chromatic number to maximum degree. Other structural results allow us to show that any finite simplicial complex $X$ with a free action by the symmetric group $S_n$ can be approximated up to $S_n$-homotopy equivalence as $\Hom(K_n,G)$ for some graph $G$; this is a generalization of a result of Csorba. We conclude the paper with some discussion regarding the underlying categorical notions involved in our study.

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