We define many new examples of modules of equations for secant varieties of Segre varieties that generalize Strassen's commutation equations. Our modules of equations are obtained by constructing subspaces of matrices from tensors that satisfy various commutation properties.
We give an almost asymptotically sharp bound for the non secant defectiveness and identifiability of Segre-Veronese varieties. We also provide new examples of defective Segre-Veronese varieties.
We prove the existence of defective secant varieties of three-factor and four-factor Segre-Veronese varieties embedded in certain multi-degree. These defective secant varieties were previously unknown and are of importance in the classification of defective secant varieties of Segre-Veronese varieties with three or more factors.
We determine set theoretic defining equations for the third secant variety of the Segre product of $n$ projective spaces, and from the proof of the main statement we derive an upper bound for the degrees of these equations.
This paper studies the defectivity of secant varieties of Segre varieties. We prove that there exists an asymptotic lower estimate for the greater non-defective secant variety (without filling the ambient space) of any given Segre variety. In particular, we prove that the ratio between the greater non-defective secant variety of a Segre variety and its expected rank is lower bounded by a value depending just on the number of factors of the Segre variety. Moreover, in the final section, we present some results obtained by explicit computation, proving the non-defectivity of all the secant varie…
This paper explores the dimensions of higher secant varieties to Segre-Veronese varieties. The main goal of this paper is to introduce two different inductive techniques. These techniques enable one to reduce the computation of the dimension of the secant variety in a high dimensional case to the computation of the dimensions of secant varieties in low dimensional cases. As an application of these inductive approaches, we will prove non-defectivity of secant varieties of certain two-factor Segre-Veronese varieties. We also use these methods to give a complete classification of defective s-th S…
This paper studies the dimension of secant varieties to Segre varieties. The problem is cast both in the setting of tensor algebra and in the setting of algebraic geometry. An inductive procedure is built around the ideas of successive specializations of points and projections. This reduces the calculation of the dimension of the secant variety in a high dimensional case to a sequence of calculations of partial secant varieties in low dimensional cases. As applications of the technique: We give a complete classification of defective $t$-secant varieties to Segre varieties for t < 7. We general…
We describe a computational proof that the fifth secant variety of the Segre product of five copies of the projective line is a codimension 2 complete intersection of equations of degree 6 and 16. Our computations rely on pseudo-randomness, and numerical accuracy, so parts of our proof are only valid "with high probability".
Let $X_{m,n}$ be the Segre-Veronese variety $\mathbb{P}^m \times \mathbb{P}^n$ embedded by the morphism given by $\mathcal{O}(1,2)$. In this paper, we provide two functions $\underline{s}(m,n)\le \bar{s}(m,n)$ such that the $s^{\mathrm{th}}$ secant variety of $X_{m,n}$ has the expected dimension if $s \leq \underline{s}(m,n)$ or $ \bar{s}(m,n) \leq s$. We also present a conjecturally complete list of defective secant varieties of such Segre-Veronese varieties.
We study the dimension of the higher secant varieties $X^s$ of ${\Bbb X} = {\Bbb P}^{n_1}\times ...\times {\Bbb P}^{n_t}$ embedded the morphism given by ${\cal O}_{\Bbb X}({a_1,...,a_t})$. We call it a {\it Segre-Veronese variety} and the embedding a {\it Segre-Veronese embedding}. In several cases (e.g. for 3 factors {\Bbb P}^{1}, or when $s$ is small) we show that $X^s$ has the expected dimension except for a few cases. A list of examples of defective $X^s$'s is given.
Comon's conjecture on the equality of the rank and the symmetric rank of a symmetric tensor, and Strassen's conjecture on the additivity of the rank of tensors are two of the most challenging and guiding problems in the area of tensor decomposition. We survey the main known results on these conjectures, and, under suitable bounds on the rank, we prove them, building on classical techniques used in the case of symmetric tensors, for mixed tensors. Finally, we improve the bound for Comon's conjecture given by flattenings by producing new equations for secant varieties of Veronese and Segre varie…
We describe the defining ideal of the rth secant variety of P^2 x P^n embedded by O(1,2), for arbitrary n and r at most 5. We also present the Schur module decomposition of the space of generators of each such ideal. Our main results are based on a more general construction for producing explicit matrix equations that vanish on secant varieties of products of projective spaces. This extends previous work of Strassen and Ottaviani.
We find generators for the ideals of secant varieties of Segre varieties in several the cases including the Garcia-Stillmann-Ssturmfels conjecture for four factors and prove results about their singularities.
Let $X={\bf P}^2\times{\bf P}^{n-1}$ embedded with $Ø(1,2)$. We prove that its $(n+1)$-secant variety $σ_{n+1}(X)$ is a hypersurface, while it is expected that it fills the ambient space. The equation of $σ_{n+1}(X)$ is the symmetric analog of the Strassen equation. When $n=4$ the determinantal map takes $σ_5(X)$ to the hypersurface of Lüroth quartics, which is the image of the Barth map studied by LePotier and Tikhomirov. This hint allows to obtain some results on the jumping lines and the Brill-Noether loci of symplectic bundles on ${\bf P}^2$ by using the higher secant varieties of $X$.
In many cases (e.g. for many Segre or Segre embeddings of multiprojective spaces) we prove that a hypersurface of the $b$-secant variety of $X\subset \mathbb {P}^r$ has $X$-rank $>b$. We prove it proving that the $X$-rank of a general point of the join of $b-2$ copies of $X$ and the tangential variety of $X$ is $>b$.
Motivated by the study of the secant variety of the Segre-Veronese variety we propose a general framework to analyze properties of the secant varieties of toric embeddings of affine spaces defined by simplicial complexes. We prove that every such secant is toric, which gives a way to use combinatorial tools to study singularities. We focus on the Segre-Veronese variety for which we completely classify their secants that give Gorenstein or $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein varieties. We conclude providing the explicit description of the singular locus.
We establish basic techniques for studying the ideals of secant varieties of Segre varieties. We solve a conjecture of Garcia, Stillman and Sturmfels on the generators of the ideal of the first secant variety in the case of three factors and solve the conjecture set-theoretically for an arbitrary number of factors. We determine the low degree components of the ideals of secant varieties of small dimension in a few cases.
We prove that the ideal of the variety of secant lines to a Segre--Veronese variety is generated in degree three by minors of flattenings. In the special case of a Segre variety this was conjectured by Garcia, Stillman and Sturmfels, inspired by work on algebraic statistics, as well as by Pachter and Sturmfels, inspired by work on phylogenetic inference. In addition, we describe the decomposition of the coordinate ring of the secant line variety of a Segre--Veronese variety into a sum of irreducible representations under the natural action of a product of general linear groups.
We prove that a product of $m>5$ copies of $\PP^1$, embedded in the projective space $\PP^r$ by the standard Segre embedding, is $k$-identifiable (i.e. a general point of the secant variety $S^k(X)$ is contained in only one $(k+1)$-secant $k$-space), for all $k$ such that $k+1\leq 2^{m-1}/m$.
Let $SV^{\pmb n}_{\pmb d}$ be the Segre-Veronese given as the image of the embedding induced by the line bundle $\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{n_1}\times\dots\times\mathbb{P}^{n_r}}(d_1,\dots, d_r)$. We prove that asymptotically $SV^{\pmb n}_{\pmb d}$ is not $h$-defective for $h\leq n_1^{\lfloor \log_2(d-1)\rfloor}$.
When present, the Cohen-Macaulay property can be useful for finding the minimal defining equations of an algebraic variety. It is conjectured that all secant varieties of Segre products of projective spaces are arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay. A summary of the known cases where the conjecture is true is given. An inductive procedure based on the work of Landsberg and Weyman (LW-lifting) is described and used to obtain resolutions of orbits of secant varieties from those of smaller secant varieties. A new computation of the minimal free resolution of the variety of border rank 4 tensors of format…
We give an upper bound for the rank of the border rank 3 partially symmetric tensors. In the special case of border rank 3 tensors $T\in V_1\otimes \cdots \otimes V_k$ (Segre case) we can show that all ranks among 3 and $k-1$ arise and if $\dim V_i \geq 3$ for all $i$'s, then also all the ranks between $k$ and $2k-1$ arise.
Secant varieties of Segre-Veronese varieties $\mathbb{P}^m\times\mathbb{P}^n$ embedded by $\mathcal{O}(1,2)$ are non-defective for $n\gg m^3$, $m\geq3$
We study the secant line variety of the Segre product of projective spaces using special cumulant coordinates adapted for secant varieties. We show that the secant variety is covered by open normal toric varieties. We prove that in cumulant coordinates its ideal is generated by binomial quadrics. We present new results on the local structure of the secant variety. In particular, we show that it has rational singularities and we give a description of the singular locus. We also classify all secant varieties that are Gorenstein. Moreover, generalizing (Sturmfels and Zwiernik 2012), we obtain ana…
We determine normal forms and ranks of tensors of border rank at most three. We present a differential-geometric analysis of limits of secant planes in a more general context. In particular there are at most four types of points on limiting trisecant planes for cominuscule varieties such as Grassmannians. We also show the singular locus of the first two secant varieties of all triple Segre products has codimension at least two.
A projective variety $X\subset\mathbb{P}^N$ is $h$-identifiable if the generic element in its $h$-secant variety uniquely determines $h$ points on $X$. In this paper we propose an entirely new approach to study identifiability, connecting it to the notion of secant defect. In this way we are able to improve all known bounds on identifiability. In particular we give optimal bounds for some Segre and Segre-Veronese varieties and provide the first identifiability statements for Grassmann varieties.
Let $X^{(n,m)}_{(1,d)}$ denote the Segre-Veronese embedding of $\mathbb{P}^n \times \mathbb{P}^m$ via the sections of the sheaf $\mathcal{O}(1,d)$. We study the dimensions of higher secant varieties of $X^{(n,m)}_{(1,d)}$ and we prove that there is no defective $s^{th}$ secant variety, except possibly for $n$ values of $s$. Moreover when ${m+d \choose d}$ is multiple of $(m+n+1)$, the $s^{th}$ secant variety of $X^{(n,m)}_{(1,d)}$ has the expected dimension for every $s$.
The paper is devoted to a detailed study of sextics in three variables having a decomposition as a sum of nine powers of linear forms. This is the unique case of a Veronese image of the plane which, in the terminology introduced by Ciliberto and the first author in [12], is weakly defective, and non-identifiable. The title originates from a paper of 1981, where Arbarello and Cornalba state and prove a result on plane curves with preassigned singularities, which is relevant to extend the studies of B. Segre on special linear series on curves. We explore the apolar ideal of a sextic $F$ and the …
If $\X \subset ¶^n$ is a reduced and irreducible projective variety, it is interesting to find the equations describing the (higher) secant varieties of $\X$. In this paper we find those equations in the following cases: $\X = ¶^{n_1}\times...\times¶^{n_t}\times¶^n$ is the Segre embedding of the product and $n$ is "large" with respect to the $n_i$ (Theorem 2.4); $\X$ is a Segre-Veronese embedding of some products with 2 or three factors; $\X$ is a Del Pezzo surface.
To each subvariety $X$ in projective $n$-space of codimension $m$ we associate an integer sequence of length $m + 1$ from $1$ to the degree of $X$ recording the maximal cardinalities of finite, reduced intersections of $X$ with linear subvarieties. We call this the sequence of secant indices of $X$. Similar numbers have been studied independently with the aim of classifying subvarieties with extremal secant spaces. Our focus in this note is the study of the combinatorial properties that the secant indices satisfy collectively. We show these sequences are strictly increasing for nondegenerate s…
For a vector bundle V over a curve X of rank n and for each integer r in the range 1 \le r \le n-1, the Segre invariant s_r is defined by generalizing the minimal self-intersection number of the sections on a ruled surface. In this paper we generalize Lange and Narasimhan's results on rank 2 bundles which related the invariant s_1 to the secant varieties of the curve inside certain extension spaces. For any n and r, we find a way to get information on the invariant s_r from the secant varieties of certain subvariety of a scroll over X. Using this geometric picture, we obtain a new proof of the…
Let V_n be the Segre embedding of (P^1) x ... X (P^1) (n times). We prove that the higher secant varieties, σ_s(V_n), always have the expected dimension, except for σ_3(V_4), which is of dimension 1 less than expected.
We describe the stratification by tensor rank of the points belonging to the tangent developable of any Segre variety. We give algorithms to compute the rank and a decomposition of a tensor belonging to the secant variety of lines of any Segre variety. We prove Comon's conjecture on the rank of symmetric tensors for those tensors belonging to tangential varieties to Veronese varieties.
We compute the dimensions of all the secant varieties to the tangential varieties of all Segre-Veronese surfaces. We exploit the typical approach of computing the Hilbert function of special 0-dimensional schemes on projective plane by using a new degeneration technique.
In this paper we compute the dimension of all the higher secant varieties to the Segre-Veronese embedding of $\mathbb{P}^n\times \mathbb{P}^1$ via the section of the sheaf $\mathcal{O}(a,b)$ for any $n,a,b\in \mathbb{Z}^+$. We relate this result to the Grassmann Defectivity of Veronese varieties and we classify all the Grassmann $(1,s-1)$-defective Veronese varieties.
We completely describe the higher secant dimensions of all connected homogeneous projective varieties of dimension at most 3, in all possible equivariant embeddings. In particular, we calculate these dimensions for all Segre-Veronese embeddings of P^1 * P^1, P^1 * P^1 * P^1, and P^2 * P^1, as well as for the variety F of incident point-line pairs in P^2. For P^2 * P^1 and F the results are new, while the proofs for the other two varieties are more compact than existing proofs. Our main tool is the second author's tropical approach to secant dimensions.
Tropical geometry yields good lower bounds, in terms of certain combinatorial-polyhedral optimisation problems, on the dimensions of secant varieties. In particular, it gives an attractive pictorial proof of the theorem of Hirschowitz that all Veronese embeddings of the projective plane except for the quadratic one and the quartic one are non-defective; this proof might be generalisable to cover all Veronese embeddings, whose secant dimensions are known from the ground-breaking but difficult work of Alexander and Hirschowitz. Also, the non-defectiveness of certain Segre embeddings is proved, w…
We consider here the problem, which is quite classical in Algebraic geometry, of studying the secant varieties of a projective variety $X$. The case we concentrate on is when $X$ is a Veronese variety, a Grassmannian or a Segre variety. Not only these varieties are among the ones that have been most classically studied, but a strong motivation in taking them into consideration is the fact that they parameterize, respectively, symmetric, skew-symmetric and general tensors, which are decomposable, and their secant varieties give a stratification of tensors via tensor rank. We collect here most o…
A variety of minimal degree is one of the basic objects in projective algebraic geometry and has been classified and characterized in many aspects. On the other hand, there are also minimal objects in the category of higher secant varieties, and their algebraic and geometric structures seem to share many similarities with those of varieties of minimal degree. We prove in this paper that higher secant varieties of minimal degree have determinantal presentation of two types, i.e. scroll type and Veronese type. Our result generalizes the del Pezzo-Bertini classification for varieties of minimal d…
Given the space $V={\mathbb P}^{\binom{d+n-1}{n-1}-1}$ of forms of degree $d$ in $n$ variables, and given an integer $\ell>1$ and a partition $λ$ of $d=d_1+\cdots+d_r$, it is in general an open problem to obtain the dimensions of the $\ell$-secant varieties $σ_\ell ({\mathbb X}_{n-1,λ})$ for the subvariety ${\mathbb X}_{n-1,λ} \subset V$ of hypersurfaces whose defining forms have a factorization into forms of degrees $d_1,\ldots,d_r$. Modifying a method from intersection theory, we relate this problem to the study of the Weak Lefschetz Property for a class of graded algebras, based on which we…
We study syzygies of the Segre embedding of P(V_1) x ... x P(V_n), and prove two finiteness results. First, for fixed p but varying n and V_i, there is a finite list of "master p-syzygies" from which all other p-syzygies can be derived by simple substitutions. Second, we define a power series f_p with coefficients in something like the Schur algebra, which contains essentially all the information of p-syzygies of Segre embeddings (for all n and V_i), and show that it is a rational function. The list of master p-syzygies and the numerator and denominator of f_p can be computed algorithmically (…
In this paper, we study how simple linear projections of some projective varieties behave when the projection center runs through the ambient space. More precisely, let $X \subset ¶^r$ be a projective variety satisfying Green-Lazarsfeld's property $N_p$ for some $p \geq 2$, $q \in ¶^r$ a closed point outside of $X$, and $X_q := π_q (X) \subset ¶^{r-1}$ the projected image of $X$ from $q$. First, it is shown that the secant locus $Σ_q (X)$ of $X$ with respect to $q$, i.e. the set of all points on $X$ spanning secant lines passing through $q$, is either empty or a quadric in a subspace of $¶^r$.…
In this paper we present an effective method for linearizing rational varieties of codimension at least two under Cremona transformations, starting from a given parametrization. Using these linearizing Cremonas, we simplify the equations of secant and tangential varieties of some classical examples, including Veronese, Segre and Grassmann varieties. We end the paper by treating the special case of the Segre embedding of the n-fold product of projective spaces, where cumulant Cremonas, arising from algebraic statistics, appear as specific cases of our general construction.
Let $X\subset \mathbb{P}^r$ be an integral and non-degenerate variety. Let $σ_{a,b}(X)\subseteq \mathbb{P}^r$, $(a,b)\in \mathbb{N}^2$, be the join of $a$ copies of $X$ and $b$ copies of the tangential variety of $X$. Using the classical Alexander-Hirschowitz theorem (case $b=0$) and a recent paper by H. Abo and N. Vannieuwenhoven (case $a=0$) we compute $\dim σ_{a,b}(X)$ in many cases when $X$ is the $d$-Veronese embedding of $\mathbb{P}^n$. This is related to certain additive decompositions of homogeneous polynomials. We give a general theorem proving that $\dim σ_{0,b}(X)$ is the expected o…
Let $\mathbb X\subset\mathbb P(V)$ be a projective variety, which is not contained in a hyperplane. Then every vector $v$ in $V$ can be written as a sum of vectors from the affine cone $X$ over $\mathbb X$. The minimal number of summands in such a sum is called the rank of $v$. The set of vectors of rank $r$ is denoted by $X_r$ and its projective image by $\mathbb X_r$. The r-th secant variety of $X$ is defined $σ_r(\mathbb X):=\bar{\sqcup_{s\le r}\mathbb X_s}$; it is called tame if $σ_r(\mathbb X)=\sqcup_{s\le r} \mathbb X_s$ and wild if the closure contains elements of higher rank. In this p…