We introduce and study vertex cover algebras of weighted simplicial complexes. These algebras are special classes of symbolic Rees algebras. We show that symbolic Rees algebras of monomial ideals are finitely generated and that such an algebra is normal and Cohen-Macaulay if the monomial ideal is squarefree. For a simple graph, the vertex cover algebra is generated by elements of degree 2, and it is standard graded if and only if the graph is bipartite. We also give a general upper bound for the maximal degree of the generators of vertex cover algebras.
We investigate symbolic and regular powers of monomial ideals. For a square-free monomial ideal $I$ in $k[x_0, \ldots, x_n]$ we show $I^{t(m+e-1)-e+r)}$ is a subset of $M^{(t-1)(e-1)+r-1}(I^{(m)})^t$ for all positive integers $m$, $t$ and $r$, where $e$ is the big-height of $I$ and $M = (x_0, \ldots, x_n)$. This captures two conjectures ($r=1$ and $r=e$): one of Harbourne-Huneke and one of Bocci-Cooper-Harbourne. We also introduce the symbolic polyhedron of a monomial ideal and use this to explore symbolic powers of non-square-free monomial ideals.
The aim of this paper is to study the Stanley depth of symbolic powers of a squarefree monomial ideal. We prove that for every squarefree monomial ideal $I$ and every pair of integers $k, s\geq 1$, the inequalities ${\rm sdepth} (S/I^{(ks)}) \leq {\rm sdepth} (S/I^{(s)})$ and ${\rm sdepth} (I^{(ks)}) \leq {\rm sdepth} (I^{(s)})$ hold. If moreover $I$ is unmixed of height $d$, then we show that for every integer $k\geq1$, ${\rm sdepth}(I^{(k+d)})\leq {\rm sdepth}(I^{(k)})$ and ${\rm sdepth}(S/I^{(k+d)})\leq {\rm sdepth}(S/I^{(k)})$. Finally, we consider the limit behavior of the Stanley depth o…
We show that for any two proper monomial ideals I and J in the polynomial ring S = k[x_1, ..., x_n] the ring S/IJ is Golod. We also show that if I is squarefree then for large enough k the quotient S/I^{(k)} of S by the kth symbolic power of I is Golod. As an application we prove that the multiplication on the cohomology algebra of some classes of moment-angle complexes is trivial.
In this paper we study irreducible representations and symbolic Rees algebras of monomial ideals. Then we examine edge ideals associated to vertex-weighted oriented graphs. These are digraphs having no oriented cycles of length two with weights on the vertices. For a monomial ideal with no embedded primes we classify the normality of its symbolic Rees algebra in terms of its primary components. If the primary components of a monomial ideal are normal, we present a simple procedure to compute its symbolic Rees algebra using Hilbert bases, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for the equ…
Symbolic powers are studied in the combinatorial context of monomial ideals. When the ideals are generated by quadratic squarefree monomials, the generators of the symbolic powers are obstructions to vertex covering in the associated graph and its blowups. As a result, perfect graphs play an important role in the theory, dual to the role played by perfect graphs in the theory of secants of monomial ideals. We use Gröbner degenerations as a tool to reduce questions about symbolic powers of arbitrary ideals to the monomial case. Among the applications are a new, unified approach to the Gröbner b…
We study the symbolic powers of square-free monomial ideals via symbolic Rees algebras and methods in prime characteristic. In particular, we prove that the symbolic Rees algebra and the symbolic associated graded algebra are split with respect to a morphism which resembles the Frobenius map and that exists in all characteristics. Using these methods, we recover a result by Hoa and Trung which states that the normalized $a$-invariants and the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the symbolic powers converge. In addition, we give a sufficient condition for the equality of the ordinary and symbolic…
In this paper, we consider monomial curves in ${\mathbb A}_k^3$ parameterized by $t \rightarrow (t^{2q +1}, t^{2q +1 + m}, t^{2q +1 +2 m})$ where $gcd( 2q+1,m)=1$. The symbolic blowup algebras of these monomial curves is Gorenstein (\cite{goto-nis-shim}, \cite{goto-nis-shim-2}). We give a simple proof for the the Gorenstein property for the symbolic blowup algebras of these curves.
Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a field and $S=\mathbb{K}[x_1,\dots,x_n]$ be the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over $\mathbb{K}$. Assume that $I\subset S$ is a squarefree monomial ideal. For every integer $k\geq 1$, we denote the $k$-th symbolic power of $I$ by $I^{(k)}$. Recently, Montaño and Núñez-Betancourt \cite{mn} proved that for every pair of integers $m, k\geq 1$,$${\rm depth}(S/I^{(m)})\leq {\rm depth}(S/I^{(\lceil\frac{m}{k}\rceil)}).$$We provide an alternative proof for this inequality. Moreover, we reprove the known results that the sequence $\{{\rm depth}(S/I^{(k)})\}_{k=1}^{\infty}$ is co…
We present criteria for the Cohen-Macaulayness of a monomial ideal in terms of its primary decomposition. These criteria allow us to use tools of graph theory and of linear programming to study the Cohen-Macaulayness of monomial ideals which are intersections of prime ideal powers. We can characterize the Cohen-Macaulayness of the second symbolic power or of all symbolic powers of a Stanley-Reisner ideal in terms of the simplicial complex. These characterizations show that the simplicial complex must be very compact if some symbolic power is Cohen-Macaulay. In particular, all symbolic powers a…
We classify all unmixed monomial ideals I of codimension 2 which are generically a complete intersection and which have the property that the symbolic power algebra A(I) is standard graded. We give a lower bound for the highest degree of a generator of A(I) in the case that I is a modification of the vertex cover ideal of a bipartite graph, and show that this highest degree can be any given number. We furthermore give an upper bound for the highest degree of a generator of the integral closure of A(I) in the case that I is a monomial ideal which is generically a complete intersection.
The symbolic powers, in general, are not equal to the ordinary powers. Therefore, one interesting question here is for what classes of ideals ordinary and symbolic powers coincide? The answer to this question for squarefree monomial ideals may be packing property. In this paper, we classify all cubic path ideals for those the symbolic and ordinary powers coincide.
We prove that the integral closures of the powers of a squarefree monomial ideal I equal the symbolic powers if and only if I is the edge ideal of a Fulkersonian hypergraph.
We study the regularity of symbolic powers of square-free monomial ideals. We prove that if $I = I_Δ$ is the Stanley-Reisner ideal of a simplicial complex $Δ$, then $\reg(I^{(n)}) \leqslant δ(n-1) +b$ for all $n\geqslant 1$, where $δ= \lim\limits_{n\to\infty} \reg(I^{(n)})/n$, and $b = \max\{\reg(I_Γ) \mid Γ\text{ is a subcomplex of } Δ\text{ with } \F(Γ) \subseteq \F(Δ)\}$. This bound is sharp for any $n$. When $I = I(G)$ is the edge ideal of a simple graph $G$, we obtain a general linear upper bound $\reg(I^{(n)}) \leqslant 2n + \ordmatch(G)-1$, where $\ordmatch(G)$ is the ordered matching n…
In this paper we explicitly describe the symbolic powers of curves ${\mathcal C}(q,m)$ in ${\mathbb P}^3$ parametrized by $( x^{d+2m}, x^{d+m} y^m, x^{d} y^{2m}, y^{d+2m})$, where $q,m$ are positive integers, $d=2q+1$ and $\gcd(d,m)=1$. The defining ideal of these curves is a set-theoretic complete intersection. We show that the symbolic blowup algebra is Noetherian and Gorenstein. An explicit formula for the resurgence and the Waldschmidt constant of the prime ideal ${\mathfrak p}:={\mathfrak p}_{ { \mathcal C}(q,m) }$ defining the curve ${\mathcal C}(q,m)$ is computed. We also give a formula…
Let $I$ be a homogeneous ideal in a polynomial ring over a field. Let $I^{(n)}$ be the $n$-th symbolic power of $I$. Motivated by results about ordinary powers of $I$, we study the asymptotic behavior of the regularity function $\text{reg}~ (I^{(n)})$ and the maximal generating degree function $ω(I^{(n)})$, when $I$ is a monomial ideal. It is known that both functions are eventually quasi-linear. We show that, in addition, the sequences $\{\text{reg}~ I^{(n)}/n\}_n$ and $\{ω(I^{(n)})/n\}_n$ converge to the same limit, which can be described combinatorially. We construct an example of an equidi…
We investigate the rational powers of ideals. We find that in the case of monomial ideals, the canonical indexing leads to a characterization of the rational powers yielding that symbolic powers of squarefree monomial ideals are indeed rational powers themselves. Using the connection with symbolic powers techniques, we use splittings to show the convergence of depths and normalized Castelnuovo-Mumford regularities. We show the convergence of Stanley depths for rational powers, and as a consequence of this we show the before-now unknown convergence of Stanley depths of integral closure powers. …
Let $d \geq 2$ and $m\geq 1$ be integers such that $\gcd (d,m)=1.$ Let ${\mathfrak p}$ be the defining ideal of the monomial curve in ${\mathbb A}_{ \Bbbk{k}}^d$ parametrized by $(t^{n_1}, \ldots, t^{n_d})$ where $n_i = d + (i-1)m$ for all $i = 1, \ldots, d$. In this paper, we describe the symbolic powers ${\mathfrak p}^{(n)} $ for all $n \geq 1$. As a consequence we show that the symbolic blowup algebras ${\mathcal R}_s{({\mathfrak p})}$ and $G_{s}({\mathfrak p}) $ are Cohen-Macaulay. This gives a positive answer to a question posed by S.~Goto in \cite{goto}. We also discuss when these blowup…
Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring and let ${\bf x} :=x_1,\ldots,x_d$ be a regular $R$-sequence contained in the Jacobson radical of $R$. An ideal $I$ of $R$ is said to be a monomial ideal with respect to ${\bf x}$ if it is generated by a set of monomials $x_1^{e_1}\ldots x_d^{e_d}$. It is shown that, if ${\bf x}R$ is a prime ideal of $R$, then each monomial ideal $I$ has a canonical and unique decomposition as an irredundant finite intersection of primary ideals of the form $x^{e_1}_{τ(1)}R+\dots+x^{e_s}_{τ(s)}R$, where $τ$ is a permutation of $\{1,\ldots,d\}$, $s\in\{1,\ldots,d\}$ and …
Comparing v-numbers of symbolic and ordinary powers of squarefree monomial ideals
Chennai Mathematical Institute（金奈数学研究所）；University of Manitoba（曼尼托巴大学）；Tulane University（杜兰大学）；Indian Institute of Technology Madras（印度马德拉斯理工学院）；Institute of Mathematics, VAST（越南科学技术研究院数学研究所）
We give a new combinatorial characterization of the big height of a squarefree monomial ideal leading to a new bound for the projective dimension of a monomial ideal.
In this paper, we shall study finite generation of symbolic Rees rings of the defining ideal ${\frak p}$ of the space monomial curve $(t^a, t^b, t^c)$ for pairwise coprime integers $a$, $b$, $c$. Suppose that the base field is of characteristic $0$ and the above ideal ${\frak p}$ is minimally generated by three polynomials. Under the assumption that the homogeneous element $ξ$ of the minimal degree in ${\frak p}$ is the negative curve, we determine the minimal degree of an element $η$ such that the pair $\{ ξ, η\}$ satisfies Huneke's criterion in the case where the symbolic Rees ring is Noethe…
Let $A = K[X_1,\ldots, X_d]$ and let $I$, $J$ be monomial ideals in $A$. Let $I_n(J) = (I^n \colon J^\infty)$ be the $n^{th}$ symbolic power of $I$ \wrt \ $J$. It is easy to see that the function $f^I_J(n) = e_0(I_n(J)/I^n)$ is of quasi-polynomial type, say of period $g$ and degree $c$. For $n \gg 0$ say \[ f^I_J(n) = a_c(n)n^c + a_{c-1}(n)n^{c-1} + \text{lower terms}, \] where for $i = 0, \ldots, c$, $a_i \colon \mathbb{N} \rt \mathbb{Z}$ are periodic functions of period $g$ and $a_c \neq 0$. In an earlier paper we (together with Herzog and Verma) proved that $\dim I_n(J)/I^n$ is constant for…
In this paper, we introduce the concept of $k$-clean monomial ideals as an extension of clean monomial ideals and present some homological and combinatorial properties of them. Using the hierarchal structure of $k$-clean ideals, we show that a $(d-1)$-dimensional simplicial complex is $k$-decomposable if and only if its Stanley-Reisner ideal is $k$-clean, where $k\leq d-1$. We prove that the classes of monomial ideals like monomial complete intersection ideals, Cohen-Macaulay monomial ideals of codimension 2 and symbolic powers of Stanley-Reisner ideals of matroid complexes are $k$-clean for a…
Let $G$ be a finite simple graph and $J(G)$ denote its cover ideal in a polynomial ring over a field $\mathbb{K}$. In this paper, we show that all symbolic powers of cover ideals of certain vertex decomposable graphs have linear quotients. Using these results, we give various conditions on a subset $S$ of the vertices of $G$ so that all symbolic powers of vertex cover ideals of $G \cup W(S)$, obtained from $G$ by adding a whisker to each vertex in $S$, have linear quotients. For instance, if $S$ is a vertex cover of $G$, then all symbolic powers of $J(G \cup W(S))$ have linear quotients. Moreo…
In this paper, we shall study finite generation of symbolic Rees rings of the defining ideal of the space monomial curves $(t^a, t^b, t^c)$ for pairwise coprime integers $a$, $b$, $c$ such that $(a,b,c) \neq (1,1,1)$. If such a ring is not finitely generated over a base field, then it is a counterexample to the Hilbert's fourteenth problem. Finite generation of such rings is deeply related to existence of negative curves on certain normal projective surfaces. We study a sufficient condition (Definition 3.6) for existence of a negative curve. Using it, we prove that, in the case of $(a+b+c)^2 >…
We survey research relating algebraic properties of powers of squarefree monomial ideals to combinatorial structures. In particular, we describe how to detect important properties of (hyper)graphs by solving ideal membership problems and computing associated primes. This work leads to algebraic characterizations of perfect graphs independent of the Strong Perfect Graph Theorem. In addition, we discuss the equivalence between the Conforti-Cornuejols conjecture from linear programming and the question of when symbolic and ordinary powers of squarefree monomial ideals coincide.
The aim of this paper is to characterize simplicial complexes which have standard graded vertex cover algebras. This property has several nice consequences for the squarefree monomial ideals defining these algebras. It turns out that such simplicial complexes are closely related to a range of hypergraphs which generalize bipartite graphs and trees. These relationships allow us to obtain very general results on standard graded vertex cover algebras which cover previous major results on Rees algebras of squarefree monomial ideals.
We present a close relationship between matching number, covering numbers and their fractional versions in combinatorial optimization and ordinary powers, integral closures of powers, and symbolic powers of monomial ideals. This relationship leads to several new results and problems on the containments between these powers.
We give explicit criteria that imply the resurgence of a self-radical ideal in a regular ring is strictly smaller than its codimension, which in turn implies that the stable version of Harbourne's conjecture holds for such ideals. This criterion is used to give several explicit families of such ideals, including the defining ideals of space monomial curves. Other results generalize known theorems concerning when the third symbolic power is in the square of an ideal, and a strong resurgence bound for some classes of space monomial curves.
Let G be a simple graph and let J be its ideal of vertex covers. We give a graph theoretical description of the irreducible b-vertex covers of G, i.e., we describe the minimal generators of the symbolic Rees algebra of J. Then we study the irreducible b-vertex covers of the blocker of G, i.e., we study the minimal generators of the symbolic Rees algebra of the edge ideal of G. We give a graph theoretical description of the irreducible binary b-vertex covers of the blocker of G. It is shown that they correspond to irreducible induced subgraphs of G. As a byproduct we obtain a method, using Hilb…
Let $S=\mathbb{K}[x_1,\ldots, x_n]$ be the polynomial ring over a field $\mathbb{K}$ and $\mathfrak{m}= (x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ be the irredundant maximal ideal of $S$. For an ideal $I \subset S$, let $\mathrm{sat}(I)$ be the minimum number $k$ for which $I \colon \mathfrak{m}^k = I \colon \mathfrak{m}^{k+1}$. In this paper, we compute the saturation number of irreducible monomial ideals and their powers. We apply this result to find the saturation number of the ordinary powers and symbolic powers of some families of monomial ideals in terms of the saturation number of irreducible components appea…
Two-dimensional squarefree monomial ideals can be seen as the Stanley-Reisner ideals of graphs. The main results of this paper are combinatorial characterizations for the Cohen-Macaulayness of ordinary and symbolic powers of such an ideal in terms of the associated graph.
Continuing a well established tradition of associating convex bodies to monomial ideals, we initiate a program to construct asymptotic Newton polyhedra from decompositions of monomial ideals. This is achieved by forming a graded family of ideals based on a given decomposition. We term these graded families powers since they generalize the notions of ordinary and symbolic powers. Asymptotic invariants for these graded families are expressed as solutions to linear optimization problems on the respective convex bodies. This allows to establish a lower bound on the Waldschmidt constant of a monomi…
Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a field and $S=\mathbb{K}[x_1,\dots,x_n]$ be the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over $\mathbb{K}$. In 1982, R. Stanley associated a combinatorial invariant to any finitely generated $\mathbb{Z}^n$-graded $S$-module which is now called Stanley depth. Stanley conjectured that this invariant is an upper bound for the depth of module. Stanley's conjecture has been disproved by Duval et al. \cite{abcj}, and the counterexample is a quotient of squarefree monomial ideals. On the other hand, there are evidences showing that Stanley's inequality can be true for high powers of mono…
We exhibit several posets arising from commutative algebra, order theory, tropical convexity as potential face posets of tropical polyhedra, and we clarify their inclusion relations. We focus on monomial tropical polyhedra, and deduce how their geometry reflects properties of monomial ideals. Their vertex-facet lattice is homotopy equivalent to a sphere and encodes the Betti numbers of an associated monomial ideal.
When a monomial ideal has linear quotients with respect to an admissible order of increasing support-degree, we provide two proofs of different flavors to show that it is componentwise support-linear. We also introduce the variable decomposable monomial ideals. In squarefree case, these ideals correspond to the vertex decomposable simplicial complexes. We study the relationships of the variable decomposable ideals with weakly polymatroidal ideals, weakly stable ideals and ideals with linear quotients. We also investigate the componentwise properties of all these ideals.
It is proved that all vertex cover algebras of a hypergraph are standard graded if and only if the hypergraph is unimodular. This has interesting consequences on the symbolic powers of monomial ideals.
We compute the reduced Gröbner basis of the toric ideal with respect to a suitable monomial order and we study the Hilbert series of the vertex cover algebra $A(G)$, where $G$ is an unmixed bipartite graph without isolated vertices.
We introduce a new class of monomial ideals which we call symmetric shifted ideals. Symmetric shifted ideals are fixed by the natural action of the symmetric group and, within the class of monomial ideals fixed by this action, they can be considered as an analogue of stable monomial ideals within the class of monomial ideals. We show that a symmetric shifted ideal has linear quotients and compute its (equivariant) graded Betti numbers. As an application of this result, we obtain several consequences for graded Betti numbers of symbolic powers of defining ideals of star configurations.
Let ${\mathfrak p}$ be the defining ideal of the monomial curve ${\mathcal C}(2q+1, 2q+1+m, 2q+1+2m)$ in the affine space ${\mathbb A}_k^3$ parameterized by $(x^{2q +1}, x^{2q +1 + m}, x^{2q +1 +2 m})$ where $gcd( 2q+1,m)=1$. In this paper we compute the resurgence of ${\mathfrak p}$, the Waldschmidt constant of ${\mathfrak p}$ and the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the symbolic powers of ${\mathfrak p}$.
We survey classical and recent results on symbolic powers of ideals. We focus on properties and problems of symbolic powers over regular rings, on the comparison of symbolic and regular powers, and on the combinatorics of the symbolic powers of monomial ideals. In addition, we present some new results on these aspects of the subject.
We extend the sortability concept to monomial ideals which are not necessarily generated in one degree and as an application we obtain normal Cohen-Macaulay toric rings attached to vertex cover ideals of graphs. Moreover, we consider a construction on a graph called a clique multi-whiskering which always produces vertex cover ideals with componentwise linear powers.
For a simplicial complex X and a field K, let h_i(X)=\dim \tilde{H}_i(X;K). It is shown that if X,Y are complexes on the same vertex set, then for all k h_{k-1}(X\cap Y) \leq \sum_{σ\in Y} \sum_{i+j=k} h_{i-1}(X[σ])\cdot h_{j-1}(\lk(Y,σ)) . A simplicial complex X is d-Leray over K, if h_i(Y)=0 for all induced subcomplexes Y \subset X and i \geq d. Let L_K(X) denote the minimal d such that X is d-Leray over K. The above theorem implies that if X,Y are simplicial complexes on the same vertex set then L_K(X \cap Y) \leq L_K(X) +L_K(Y). Reformulating this inequality in commutative algebra terms, w…
