Let $Δ^{n}$ be the ball $|x|<1$ in the complex vector space $\mathbb{C}% ^{n}$, let $f:Δ^{n}\to \mathbb{C}^{n}$ be a holomorphic mapping and let $M$ be a positive integer. Assume that the origin $% 0=(0,..., 0)$ is an isolated fixed point of both $f$ and the $M$-th iteration $f^{M}$ of $f$. Then for each factor $m$ of $M,$ the origin is again an isolated fixed point of $f^{m}$ and the fixed point index $μ_{f^{m}}(0)$ of $f^{m}$ at the origin is well defined, and so is the (local) Dold's index (see [\ref{Do}]) at the origin:% \begin{equation*} P_{M}(f,0)=\sum_{τ\subset P(M)}(-1)^{#τ}μ_{f^{M:τ}}(0), \end{equation*}% where $P(M)$ is the set of all primes dividing $M,$ the sum extends over all subsets $τ$ of $P(M)$, $#τ$is the cardinal number of $τ$ and $% M:τ=M(\prod_{p\in τ}p)^{-1}$.
$P_{M}(f,0)$ can be interpreted to be the number of periodic points of period $M$ of $f$ overlapped at the origin: any holomorphic mapping $% f_{1}:Δ^{n}\to \mathbb{C}^{n}$ sufficiently close to $f$ has exactly $P_{M}(f,0)$ distinct periodic points of period $M$ near the origin$%, $ provided that all the fixed points of $f_{1}^{M}$ near the origin are simple. Note that $f$ itself has no periodic point of period $M$ near the origin$.$
According to M. Shub and D. Sullivan's work [\ref{SS}], a necessary condition so that $P_{M}(f,0)\neq 0$ is that the linear part of $f$ at the origin has a periodic point of period $M.$ The goal of this paper is to prove that this condition is sufficient as well for holomorphic mappings.
We investigate residue-type indices for germs of holomorphic foliations in the plane and characterize second type foliations - those not containing tangent saddle-nodes in the reduction of singularities - by an expression involving the Baum-Bott, variation and polar excess indices. These local results are applied in the study of logarithmic foliations on compact complex surfaces.
Following the author's previous works, we continue to consider the problem of counting the number of affine conjugacy classes of polynomials of one complex variable when its unordered collection of holomorphic fixed point indices is given. The problem was already solved completely in the case that the polynomials have no multiple fixed points, in the author's previous papers. In this paper, we consider the case of having multiple fixed points, and obtain the formulae for generic unordered collections of holomorphic fixed point indices, for each given degree and for each given number of fixed p…
This note presents a method to study center families of periodic orbits of complex holomorphic differential equations near singularities, based on some iteration properties of fixed point indices. As an application of this method, we will prove Needham's theorem in a more general version.
A notion of almost periodic current is introduced, as well as a notion of almost periodic holomorphic chain proceeded from that definition. Such a chain can be defined either as a special case of almost periodic currents or as a holomorphic chain whose trace measure is an almost periodic distribution. It is shown that in general situation almost periodicity of the trace of a current does not imply that for the current itself, even if it is closed and positive. The zero set (regarded as a holomorphic chain) of a holomorphic mapping can be represented as a Monge-Ampere type current, and one coul…
We prove that if a positive closed current is bounded by another one with bounded, continuous or Hoelder continuous super-potentials, then it inherits the same property. There are two different methods to define wedge-products of positive closed currents of arbitrary bi-degree on compact Kaehler manifolds using super-potentials and densities. When the first method applies, we show that the second method also applies and gives the same result. As an application, we obtain a sharp upper bound for the number of isolated periodic points of holomorphic maps on compact Kaehler manifolds whose action…
Let $Δ^{2}$ be a ball in the complex vector space $\mathbb{C}^{2}$ centered at the origin, let $f:Δ^{2}\to \mathbb{C}^{2}$ be a holomorphic mapping$,$ with $f(0)=0$, and let $M$ be a positive integer. If the origin 0 is an isolated fixed point of the $M$ th iteration $f^{M}$ of $f,$ then one can define the number $\mathcal{O}_{M}(f,0)$ of periodic orbits of $f$ with period $M$ hidden at the fixed point 0, which has the meaning: any holomorphic mapping $g:Δ^{2}\to \mathbb{C}^{2}$ sufficiently close to $f$ in a neighborhood of the origin has exactly $% \mathcal{O}_{M}(f,0)$ distinct periodic orb…
We prove that if A is the basin of immediate attraction to a periodic attracting or parabolic point for a rational map f on the Riemann sphere, then periodic points in the boundary of A are dense in this boundary. To prove this in the non simply- connected or parabolic situations we prove a more abstract, geometric coding trees version.
We study the dynamics of homoclinic classes on three dimensional manifolds under the robust absence of dominated splittings. We prove that if such a homoclinic class contains a volume-expanding periodic point, then, $C^1$-generically, it contains a hyperbolic periodic point whose index (dimension of the unstable manifold) is equal to two.
We study the $J-$holomorphic curves in the symplectization of the contact manifolds and prove that there exists at least one periodic Reeb orbits in any closed contact manifold with any contact form by using the well-known Gromov's nonlinear Fredholm alternative for $J-$holomorphic curves. As a corollary, we give a complete solution on the well-known Weinstein conjecture.
We prove that for every integer sequence $I$ satisfying Dold relations there exists a map $f : \mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R}^d$, $d \ge 2$, such that $\mathrm{Per(f)} = \mathrm{Fix(f)} = \{o\}$, where $o$ denotes the origin, and $(i(f^n, o))_n = I$.
We establish an approximation of the activity current $T_c$ in the parameter space of a holomorphic family $f$ of rational functions having a marked critical point $c$ by parameters for which $c$ is periodic under $f$, i.e., is a superattracting periodic point. This partly generalizes a Dujardin--Favre theorem for rational functions having preperiodic points, and refines a Bassanelli--Berteloot theorem on a similar approximation of the bifurcation current $T_f$ of the holomorphic family $f$. The proof is based on a dynamical counterpart of this approximation.
Let $f:M\rightarrow M$ be a biholomorphisms on two--dimensional a complex manifold, and let $X\subseteq M$ be a compact $f$--invariant set such that $f|X$ is asymptotically dissipative and without sinks periodic points. We introduce a solely dynamical obstruction to dominated splitting, namely critical point. Critical point is a dynamical object and capture many of the dynamical properties of their one--dimensional counterpart.
We show that all GL(2, R)-equivariant point markings over orbit closures of primitive genus two translation surfaces arise from marking pairs of points exchanged by the hyperelliptic involution, Weierstrass points, or the golden points in the golden eigenform locus. As corollaries, we classify the holomorphically varying families of points over orbifold covers of genus two Hilbert modular surfaces, solve the finite blocking problem on genus two translation surfaces, and show that there is at most one nonarithmetic rank two orbit closure in the minimal stratum in genus four.
Let $f:(\mathbb{C}^n,0)\mapsto(\mathbb{C}^n,0)$ be a germ of an $n$-dimensional holomorphic map. Assume that the origin is an isolated fixed point of each iterate of $f$. Then $\{\mathcal{N}_q(f)\}_{q=1}^{\infty}$, the sequence of the maximal number of periodic orbits of period $q$ that can be born from the fixed point zero under a small perturbation of $f$, is well defined. According to Shub-Sullivan, Chow-Mallet-Paret-Yorke and G. Y. Zhang, the linear part of the holomorphic germ $f$ determines some natural restrictions on the sequence(cf. Theorem 1.1). Later, I. Gorbovickis proves that when…
We characterize the sequences of fixed point indices $\{i(f^n, p)\}_{n\ge 1}$ of fixed points that are isolated as an invariant set and continuous maps in the plane. In particular, we prove that the sequence is periodic and $i(f^n, p) \le 1$ for every $n \ge 1$. This characterization allows us to compute effectively the Lefschetz zeta functions for a wide class of continuous maps in the 2-sphere, to obtain new results of existence of infinite periodic orbits inspired on previous articles of J. Franks and to give a partial answer to a problem of Shub about the growth of the number of periodic o…
We determine the Conley-Zehnder indices of all periodic orbits of the rotating Kepler problem for energies below the critical Jacobi energy. Consequently, we show the universal cover of the bounded component of the regularized energy hypersurface is dynamically convex. Moreover, in the universal cover there is always precisely one periodic orbit with Conley-Zehnder index 3, namely the lift of the doubly covered retrograde circular orbit.
We prove that if A is the basin of immediate attraction to a periodic attracting or parabolic point for a rational map f on the Riemann sphere, if $A$ is completely invariant (i.e. $f^{-1}(A)=A$), and if $μ$ is an arbitrary $f$-invariant measure with positive Lyapunov exponents on the boundary of $A$, then $μ$-almost every point $q$ in the boundary of $A$ is accessible along a curve from $A$. In fact we prove the accessability of every "good" $q$ i.e. such $q$ for which "small neighbourhoods arrive at large scale" under iteration of $f$. This generalizes Douady-Eremenko-Levin-Petersen theorem …
We prove that every finite energy $J$-holomorphic map $u(s,t):\mathbb R\times S^1 \rightarrow {\mathbb R} \times \widetilde{M}$ exponentially converges to a periodic orbit of Reeb vector field of $\widetilde M,$ as $s\to \infty.$
Let (U \subset {\mathbb R}^3) be an open set and (f:U \to f(U) \subset {\mathbb R}^3) be a homeomorphism. Let (p \in U) be a fixed point. It is known that, if (\{p\}) is not an isolated invariant set, the sequence of the fixed point indices of the iterates of (f) at (p), ((i(f^n,p))_{n\geq 1}), is, in general, unbounded. The main goal of this paper is to show that when (\{p\}) is an isolated invariant set, the sequence ((i(f^n,p))_{n\geq 1}) is periodic. Conversely, we show that for any periodic sequence of integers ((I_n)_{n \geq1}) satisfying Dold's necessary congruences, there exists an ori…
For Hill's equations with matrix valued periodic potential, we discuss relations between the Morse index, counting the number of unstable eigenvalues, and the Maslov index, counting the number of signed intersections of a path in the space of Lagrangian planes with a fixed plane. We adapt to the one dimensional periodic setting the strategy of a recent paper by J. Deng and C. Jones relating the Morse and Maslov indices for multidimensional elliptic eigenvalue problems.
The lunar periods of our moon -- the companion of the Earth -- which date back to the Babylonians until around 600 BCE, are 29.53 days for the synodic, 27.55 days for the anomalistic and 27.21 days for the draconitic month. In this paper we define and compute these periods in terms of Floquet multipliers and Conley--Zehnder indices for planar periodic orbits in the spatial Hill lunar problem, which is a limit case of the spatial circular restricted three body problem. For very low energies, we are able to prove analytically the existence of the families of planar direct (family $g$) and retrog…
A holomorphic endomorphism of $\mathbb{CP}^n$ is post-critically algebraic if its critical hypersurfaces are periodic or preperiodic. This notion generalizes the notion of post-critically finite rational maps in dimension one. We will study the eigenvalues of the differential of such a map along a periodic cycle. When $n=1$, a well-known fact is that the eigenvalue along a periodic cycle of a post-critically finite rational map is either superattracting or repelling. We prove that when $n=2$ the eigenvalues are still either superattracting or repelling. This is an improvement of a result by Ma…
For a non-arithmetic Veech surface, it is known that the set points having finite orbit under the Veech group, called the set of periodic points, is finite. However, few examples of these periodic point sets have been computed. In what follows, we compute new examples of periodic point sets for a family of non-hyperelliptic Veech surfaces with unbounded complexity and consider applications to classifying the holomorphic sections of certain surface bundles as well as applications to the study of infinitely generated Veech groups.
Let $f:\bar\bold C\to\bar\bold C$ be a rational map on the Riemann sphere , such that for every $f$-critical point $c\in J$ which forward trajectory does not contain any other critical point, $|(f^n)'(f(c))|$ grows exponentially fast (Collet--Eckmann condition), there are no parabolic periodic points, and else such that Julia set is not the whole sphere. Then smooth (Riemann) measure of the Julia set is 0. For $f$ satisfying additionally Masato Tsujii's condition that the average distance of $f^n(c)$ from the set of critical points is not too small, we prove that Hausdorff dimension of Julia s…
We study the properties of the asymptotic Maslov index of invariant measures for time-periodic Hamiltonian systems on the cotangent bundle of a compact manifold M. We show that if M has finite fundamental group and the Hamiltonian satisfies some general growth assumptions on the momenta, the asymptotic Maslov indices of periodic orbits are dense in the positive half line. Furthermore, if the Hamiltonian is the Fenchel dual of an electro-magnetic Lagrangian, every non-negative number r is the limit of the asymptotic Maslov indices of a sequence of periodic orbits which converges narrowly to an …
This paper deals with the dynamics of a simple family of holomorphic diffeomorphisms of $\C^2$: the polynomial automorphisms. This family of maps has been studied by a number of authors. We refer to [BLS] for a general introduction to this class of dynamical systems. An interesting object from the point of view of potential theory is the equilibrium measure $μ$ of the set $K$ of points with bounded orbits. In [BLS] $μ$ is also characterized dynamically as the unique measure of maximal entropy. Thus $μ$ is also an equilibrium measure from the point of view of the thermodynamical formalism. In t…
We show that S. Saito's fixed point formula serves as a powerful tool for counting the number of isolated periodic points of an area-preserving surface map admitting periodic curves. His notion of periodic curves of types I and II plays a central role in our discussion. We establish a Shub-Sullivan type result on the stability of local indices under iterations of the map, the finiteness of the number of periodic curves of type II, and the absence of periodic curves of type I. Combined with these results, Saito's formula implies the existence of infinitely many isolated periodic points whose ca…
We show the existence of a dense orbit for real Rel flows on the area-1 locus of every connected component of every stratum of holomorphic 1-forms with at least 2 distinct zeros. For this purpose, we establish a general density criterion for ${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$-orbit closures, based on finding an orbit of a real Rel flow whose closure contains a horocycle. This criterion can be verified using explicit constructions of holomorphic 1-forms with a periodic horizontal foliation. Our constructions also provide explicit examples of dense leaves of the absolute period foliation and many subfolia…
