We study Ruan's "cohomological crepant resolution conjecture" (see math.AG/0108195) for orbifolds with transversal ADE singularities. Let [Y] be such an orbifold, Y its coarse moduli space and Z the crepant resolution of Y. Following Ruan [math.AG/0108195], we have a deformation of the cohomology ring H^*(Z) using some Gromov-Witten invariants of Z. The resulting family of rings will be denoted by H^*(Z)(q_1,...,q_n), where q_1,...,q_n are complex parameters. In the A_n case we compute both the orbifold cohomology ring H^*_{orb}([Y]) and the family H^*(Z)(q_1,...,q_n). The former is achieved in general, the later up to an explicit conjecture on the Gromov-Witten invariants which is verified under additional, technical assumptions. We construct an explicit isomorphism between H^*_{orb}([Y]) and H^*(Z)(-1) in the A_1 case, verifying Ruan's conjecture. In the A_2 case, the family H^*(q_1,q_2) is not defined for q_1=q_2=-1, so the conjecture should be slightly modified. However we give an explicit isomorphism between H^*_{orb}([Y]) and H^*(Z)(q_1,q_2) with q_1=q_2 be a primitive third root of the unity, thus proving a slightly modified version of Ruan's conjecture. It is natural to conjecture that, in the A_n case, H^*_{orb}([Y]) is isomorphic to H^*(Z)(q_1,...,q_n) with q_1=...=q_n be a primitive (n+1)-th root of the unity.
For a $\mathbb P^1$-orbifold $\mathscr C$, we prove that its big quantum cohomology is generically semisimple. As a corollary, we verify a conjecture of Dubrovin for orbi-curves. We also show that the small quantum cohomology of $\mathscr C$ is generically semisimple iff $\mathscr C$ is Fano, i.e. it has positive orbifold Euler characteristic.
One of the main tools for the study of compact hyperkähler manifolds is the natural action of the Looijenga-Lunts-Verbitsky Lie algebra on the cohomology of such manifolds. This also applies to the mildly singular holomorphic symplectic varieties - hyperkähler orbifolds, allowing us to prove that André motives of such orbifolds tend to be abelian.
Let X be a compact almost complex manifold with an action of a finite group G. We compute the algebra of G^n coinvariants of the stringy cohomology (math.AG/0104207) of X^n with an action of a wreath product of G. We show that it is isomorphic to the algebra A{S_n} defined by Lehn and Sorger (math.AG/0012166) where we set A to be the orbifold cohomology of [X/G]. As a consequence, we verify a special case of Ruan's cohomological hyper-kaehler conjecture (math.AG/0201123).
For an orbifold X which is the quotient of a manifold Y by a finite group G we construct a noncommutative ring with an action of G such that the orbifold cohomology of X as defined in math.AG/0004129 by Chen and Ruan is the G invariant part. In the case thar Y is S^n for a surface S with trivial canonical class we prove that (a small modification of) the orbifold cohomology of X is naturally isomorphic to the cohomology ring of the Hilbert scheme of n points on S computed in math.AG/0012166 by Lehn and Sorger.
We construct a polarized Hodge structure on the primitive part of Chen and Ruan's orbifold cohomology $H_{orb}^k(X)$ for projective $SL$-orbifolds $X$ satisfying a ``Hard Lefschetz Condition''. Furthermore, the total cohomology $H_{orb}^{*,*}(X)$ forms a mixed Hodge structure that is polarized by every element of the Kähler cone of $X$. Using results of Cattani-Kaplan-Schmid this implies the existence of an abstract polarized variation of Hodge structure on the complexified Kähler cone of $X$. This construction should be considered as the analogue of the abstract polarized variation of Hodge s…
We introduce extended toric Deligne-Mumford stacks. We use an extended toric Deligne-Mumford stack to get the toric stack bundle and compute its orbifold Chow ring. Finally we generalize one result of Borisov, Chen and Smith so that the orbifold Chow ring of the toric stack bundle and the Chow ring of its crepant resolution are fibres of a flat family.
We study Givental's Lagrangian cone for the quantum orbifold cohomology of toric stack bundles and prove that the I-function gives points in the Lagrangian cone, namely we construct an explicit slice of the Lagrangian cone defined by the genus $0$ Gromov-Witten theory of a toric stack bundle.
It known from the work of Feigin-Tsygan, Weibel and Keller that the cohomology groups of a smooth complex variety X can be recovered from (roughly speaking) its derived category of coherent sheaves. In this paper we show that for a finite group G acting on X the same procedure applied to G-equivariant sheaves gives the orbifold cohomology of X/G. As an application, in some cases we are able to obtain simple proofs of an additive isomorphism between the orbifold cohomology of X/G and the usual cohomology of its crepant resolution (the general equality of Euler and Hodge numbers was obtained ear…
We study the multiplicative structure of orbifold Hochschild cohomology in an attempt to generalize the results of Kontsevich and Calaque-Van den Bergh relating the Hochschild and polyvector field cohomology rings of a smooth variety. We introduce the concept of linearized derived scheme, and we argue that when $X$ is a smooth algebraic variety and $G$ is a finite abelian group acting on $X$, the derived fixed locus $\widetilde{X^G}$ admits an HKR linearization. This allows us to define a product on the cohomology of polyvector fields of the orbifold $[X/G]$. We analyze the obstructions to ass…
We work through, in detail, the orbifold quantum cohomology, with gravitational descendants, of the stack BG, the point modulo trivial action of a finite group G. We provide a simple description of algebraic structures on the state space of this theory. As a consequence, we find that multiple copies of commuting Virasoro algebras appear in this theory which completely determine the correlators of the theory.
In this paper we prove that for an almost complex orbifold, its virtual orbifold cohomology [math.AT/0606573] is isomorphic as algebras to the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology of its cotangent orbifold.
Let $f$ be an invertible polynomial and $G$ a group of diagonal symmetries of $f$. This note shows that the orbifold Jacobian algebra $\mathrm{Jac}(f,G)$ of $(f,G)$ defined by the authors and Elisabeth Werner in arXiv:1608.08962 is isomorphic as a $\mathbb{ZZ}/2\mathbb{ZZ}$-graded algebra to the Hochschild cohomology $\mathsf{HH}^*(\mathrm{MF}_G(f))$ of the dg-category $\mathrm{MF}_G(f)$ of $G$-equivariant matrix factorizations of $f$ by calculating the product formula of $\mathsf{HH}^*(\mathrm{MF}_G(f))$ given by Shklyarov in arXiv:1708.06030. We also discuss the relation of our previous resu…
In this article, we construct an orbifold quantum cohomology twisted by a flat gerbe. Then we compute these invariants in the case of a smooth manifold and a discrete torsion on a global quotient orbifold.
The CW structure of certain spaces, such as effective orbifolds, can be too complicated for computational purposes. In this paper we use the concept of $\mathbf{q}$-CW complex structure on an orbifold, to detect torsion in its integral cohomology. The main result can be applied to well known classes of orbifolds or algebraic varieties having orbifold singularities, such as toric orbifolds, simplicial toric varieties, torus orbifolds and weighted Grassmannians.
Chen and Ruan's orbifold cohomology of the symmetric product of a complex manifold is calculated. An isomorphism of rings (up to a change of signs) $H_{orb}^*(X^n/S_n;\complex) \cong H^*(X^{[n]};\complex)$ between the orbifold cohomology of the symmetric product of a smooth projective surface with trivial canonical class $X$ and the cohomology of its Hilbert scheme $X^{[n]}$ is obtained, yielding a positive answer to a conjecture of Ruan.
Motivated by orbifold string theory, we introduce orbifold cohomology group for any almost complex orbifold and orbifold Dolbeault cohomology for any complex orbifold. Then, we show that our new cohomology group satisfies Poincare duality and has a natural ring structure. Some examples of orbifold cohomology ring are computed.
Due to the work of many authors in the last decades, given an algebraic orbifold (smooth proper Deligne-Mumford stack with trivial generic stabilizer), one can construct its orbifold Chow ring and orbifold Grothendieck ring, and relate them by the orbifold Chern character map, generalizing the fundamental work of Chen-Ruan on orbifold cohomology. In this paper, we extend this theory naturally to higher Chow groups and higher algebraic K-theory, mainly following the work of Jarvis-Kaufmann-Kimura and Edidin-Jarvis-Kimura.
The author explains local and global model structures on higher orbifolds which are truncated étale differentiable higher stacks, and discuss the application of the model structures to quantum cohomology of higher and derived orbifolds.
Motivated by physics, we propose two conjectures regarding the cohomology ring of the crepant resolutions of orbifolds and cohomological invariants of K-equivalent manifolds.
In this article, we study the twisting procedure of orbifold cohomology. We introduce local system and construct twisted orbifold cohomology. Then, we generalize Vafa-Witten's notion of discrete torsion to general orbifold and examine its relation to local system. Finally, some examples are computed.
In this work we study the additive orbifold cohomology of the moduli stack of smooth genus g curves. We show that this problem reduces to investigating the rational cohomology of moduli spaces of cyclic covers of curves where the genus of the covering curve is g. Then we work out the case of genus g=3. Furthermore, we determine the part of the orbifold cohomology of the Deligne-Mumford compactification of the moduli space of genus 3 curves that comes from the Zariski closure of the inertia stack of M_3.
We establish a connection between the orbifold cohomology of hypertoric varieties and the Ehrhart theory of Lawrence polytopes. More specifically, we show that the dimensions of the orbifold cohomology groups of a hypertoric variety are equal to the coefficients of the Ehrhart $δ$-polynomial of the associated Lawrence polytope. As a consequence, we deduce a formula for the Ehrhart $δ$-polynomial of a Lawrence polytope and use the injective part of the Hard Lefschetz Theorem for hypertoric varieties to deduce some inequalities between the coefficients of the $δ$-polynomial.
We construct compact $G_2$-orbifolds with ADE-singularities that carry exactly one parallel spinor. Our examples are related to certain quotients of $\mathbb{C}^2\times T^3$ that have been investigated in arXiv:hep-th/9812205. We shortly discuss the physical applications of our examples.
We introduce the notion of a weighted $δ$-vector of a lattice polytope. Although the definition is motivated by motivic integration, we study weighted $δ$-vectors from a combinatorial perspective. We present a version of Ehrhart Reciprocity and prove a change of variables formula. We deduce a new geometric interpretation of the coefficients of the Ehrhart $δ$-vector. More specifically, they are sums of dimensions of orbifold cohomology groups of a toric stack.
This article is a revised, short and english version of my PhD thesis. First, we show a mirror theorem : the Frobenius manifold associated to the orbifold quantum cohomology of weighted projective space is isomorphic to the one attached to a specific Laurent polynomial. Secondly, we show a reconstruction theorem, that is, we can reconstruct in an algorithmic way the full genus 0 Gromov-Witten potential from the 3-point invariants.
We develop an approach to calculating the cup and cap products on Hochschild cohomology and homology of curved algebras associated with polynomials and their finite abelian symmetry groups. For polynomials with isolated critical points, the approach yields a complete description of the products. We also reformulate the result for the corresponding categories of equivariant matrix factorizations. In an Appendix written jointly with Alexey Basalaev, we apply the formulas to calculate the Hochschild cohomology of a simple but non-trivial class of so-called invertible LG orbifold models. The resul…
In this paper we review the combinatorics of the twisted sectors of $\mathcal{M}_{g,n}$, and we exhibit a formula for the age of each of them in terms of the combinatorial data. Then we show that orbifold cohomology of $\mathcal{M}_{g,n}$ when $g \to \infty$ reduces to its ordinary cohomology. We do this by showing that the twisted sector with minimal age is always the hyperelliptic twisted sector with all markings in the Weierstrass points; the age of the latter moduli space is just half its codimension in $\mathcal{M}_{g,n}$.
We revisit the classical two-dimensional McKay correspondence in two respects: The first one, which is the main point of this work, is that we take into account of the multiplicative structure given by the orbifold product; second, instead of using cohomology, we deal with the Chow motives. More precisely, we prove that for any smooth proper two-dimensional orbifold with projective coarse moduli space, there is an isomorphism of algebra objects, in the category of complex Chow motives, between the motive of the minimal resolution and the orbifold motive. In particular, the complex Chow ring (r…
We study the elliptic genera of two-dimensional orbifold CFTs, where the orbifolding procedure introduces du Val surface singularities on the target space. The N=4 character decompositions of the elliptic genus contributions from the twisted sectors at the singularities obey a consistent scaling property, and contain information about the arrangement of exceptional rational curves in the resolution. We also discuss how these twisted sector elliptic genera are related to twining genera and Hodge elliptic genera for sigma models with K3 target space.
We study the inertia stack of [M_{0,n}/S_n], the quotient stack of the moduli space of smooth genus 0 curves with n marked points via the action of the symmetric group S_n. Then we see how from this analysis we can obtain a description of the inertia stack of H_g, the moduli stack of hyperelliptic curves of genus g. From this, we can compute additively the Chen-Ruan (or orbifold) cohomology of H_g.
These notes accompany a lecture about the topology of symplectic (and other) quotients. The aim is two-fold: first to advertise the ease of computation in the symplectic category; and second to give an account of some new computations for weighted projective spaces. We start with a brief exposition of how orbifolds arise in the symplectic category, and discuss the techniques used to understand their topology. We then show how these results can be used to compute the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology ring of abelian symplectic reductions. We conclude by comparing the several rings associated to a w…
We study real and integral structures in the space of solutions to the quantum differential equations. First we show that, under mild conditions, any real structure in orbifold quantum cohomology yields a pure and polarized tt^*-geometry near the large radius limit. Secondly, we use mirror symmetry to calculate the "most natural" integral structure in quantum cohomology of toric orbifolds. We show that the integral structure pulled back from the singularity B-model is described only in terms of topological data in the A-model; K-group and a characteristic class. Using integral structures, we g…
Let Z_3 act on C^2 by non-trivial opposite characters. Let X =[C^2/Z_3] be the orbifold quotient, and let Y be the unique crepant resolution. We show the equivariant genus 0 Gromov-Witten potentials of X and Y are equal after a change of variables -- verifying the Crepant Resolution Conjecture for the pair (X,Y). Our computations involve Hodge integrals on trigonal Hurwitz spaces which are of independent interest. In a self contained Appendix, we derive closed formulas for these Hurwitz-Hodge integrals.
We introduce an integral structure in orbifold quantum cohomology associated to the K-group and the Gamma-class. In the case of compact toric orbifolds, we show that this integral structure matches with the natural integral structure for the Landau-Ginzburg model under mirror symmetry. By assuming the existence of an integral structure, we give a natural explanation for the specialization to a root of unity in Y. Ruan's crepant resolution conjecture.
We describe the torus-equivariant cohomology of weighted partial flag orbifolds ${\mathrm{w}}Σ$ of type $A$. We establish counterparts of several results known for the partial flag variety that collectively constitute what we refer to as ``Schubert Calculus on ${\mathrm{w}}Σ$''. For the weighed Schubert classes in ${\mathrm{w}}Σ$, we give the Chevalley's formula. In addition, we define the weighted analogue of double Schubert polynomials and give the corresponding Chevalley--Monk's formula.
In this paper we introduce the concept of Deligne cohomology of an orbifold. We prove that the third Deligne cohomology group of a smooth étale groupoid classify gerbes with connection over the groupoid. We argue that the $B$-field and the discrete torsion in type II superstring theories are special kinds of gerbes with connection, and finally, for each one of them, using Deligne cohomology we construct a flat line bundle over the inertia groupoid, namely a Ruan inner local in the case of an orbifold.
We calculate the small quantum orbifold cohomology of arbitrary weighted projective spaces. We generalize Givental's heuristic argument, which relates small quantum cohomology to S^1-equivariant Floer cohomology of loop space, to weighted projective spaces and use this to conjecture an explicit formula for the small J-function, a generating function for certain genus-zero Gromov-Witten invariants. We prove this conjecture using a method due to Bertram. This provides the first non-trivial example of a family of orbifolds of arbitrary dimension for which the small quantum orbifold cohomology is …
The simplicial wedge construction on simplicial complexes and simple polytopes has been used by a variety of authors to study toric and related spaces, including non-singular toric varieties, toric manifolds, intersections of quadrics and more generally, polyhedral products. In this paper we extend the analysis to include toric orbifolds. Our main results yield infinite families of toric orbifolds, derived from a given one, whose integral cohomology is free of torsion and is concentrated in even degrees, a property which might be termed \emph{integrally equivariantly formal}. In all cases, it …
We compute the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology ring of the Batyrev mirror orbifold of a smooth quintic hypersurface in 4-dimensional projective space. We identify the obstruction bundle for this example by using the Riemann bilinear relations for periods. We outline a general method of computing the Chen-Ruan ring for Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in projective simplicial toric varieties, modulo a conjecture that the Riemann bilinear relations are adequate for identifying the obstruction bundle for any complex orbifold.
We prove that the orbifold desingularization of the moduli space of stable maps of genus g = 1 recently constructed by Vakil and Zinger has vanishing rational cohomology groups in odd degree k < 10.
In this paper, we study the symplectic geometry of singular conifolds of the finite group quotient $$ W_r=\{(x,y,z,t)|xy-z^{2r}+t^2=0 \}/μ_r(a,-a,1,0), r\geq 1, $$ which we call orbi-conifolds. The related orbifold symplectic conifold transition and orbifold symplectic flops are constructed. Let $X$ and $Y$ be two symplectic orbifolds connected by such a flop. We study orbifold Gromov-Witten invariants of exceptional classes on $X$ and $Y$ and show that they have isomorphic Ruan cohomologies. Hence, we verify a conjecture of Ruan.
We introduce a new definition of weighted Grassmann orbifolds. We study their several invariant $q$-cell structures and the orbifold singularities on these $q$-cells. We discuss when the integral cohomology of a weighted Grassmann orbifold has no $p$-torsion. We compute the equivariant $K$-theory ring of weighted Grassmann orbifolds with rational coefficients. We introduce divisive weighted Grassmann orbifolds and show that they have invariant cell structures. We calculate the equivariant cohomology ring, equivariant $K$-theory ring and equivariant cobordism ring of a divisive weighted Grassma…
Let A_r be the minimal resolution of the cyclic quotient singularity C^2/Z_{r+1}. We study the equivariant quantum cohomology ring of the n-fold symmetric product stack [Sym^n(A_r)] of A_r. We calculate the operators of quantum multiplication by divisor classes. Under the assumption of the nonderogatory conjecture, these operators completely determine the ring structure, which provides an affirmative answer to the Crepant Resolution Conjecture on [Sym^n(A_r)] and Hilb^n(A_r). More strikingly, this allows us to complete a tetrahedron of equivalences relating the Gromov-Witten theories of [Sym^n…
In this continuation of [L-Y1] and [L-L-S-Y], we explain how the Azumaya structure on D-branes together with a netted categorical quotient construction produces the same resolution of ADE orbifold singularities as that arises as the vacuum manifold/variety of the supersymmetric quantum field theory on the D-brane probe world-volume, given by Douglas and Moore [D-M] under the string-theory contents and constructed earlier through hyper-Kähler quotients by Kronheimer and Nakajima. This is consistent with the moral behind this project that Azumaya-type structure on D-branes themselves -- stated a…
We study Ruan's \textit{cohomological crepant resolution conjecture} for orbifolds with transversal ADE singularities. In the $A_n$-case we compute both the Chen-Ruan cohomology ring $H^*_{\rm CR}([Y])$ and the quantum corrected cohomology ring $H^*(Z)(q_1,...,q_n)$. The former is achieved in general, the later up to some additional, technical assumptions. We construct an explicit isomorphism between $H^*_{\rm CR}([Y])$ and $H^*(Z)(-1)$ in the $A_1$-case, verifying Ruan's conjecture. In the $A_n$-case, the family $H^*(Z)(q_1,...,q_n)$ is not defined for $q_1=...=q_n=-1$. This implies that the …
Chen and Ruan [6] defined a very interesting cohomology theory for orbifolds, which is now called Chen-Ruan cohomology. The primary objective of this paper is to compute the Chen-Ruan cohomology rings of the weighted projective spaces, a class of important spaces in physics. The classical tools (Chen-Ruan cohomology, toric varieties, the localization technique) which have been proved to be successful are used to study the orbifold cohomology of weighted projective spaces. Given a weighted projective space ${\bf P}^{n}_{q_{0}, >..., q_{n}}$, we determine all of its twisted sectors and the corre…
We study the cup product on the Hochschild cohomology of the stack quotient [X/G] of a smooth quasi-projective variety X by a finite group G. More specifically, we construct a G-equivariant sheaf of graded algebras on X whose G-invariant global sections recover the associated graded algebra of the Hochschild cohomology of [X/G], under a natural filtration. This sheaf is an algebra over the polyvector fields T^{poly}_X on X, and is generated as a T^{poly}_X-algebra by the sum of the determinants det(N_{X^g}) of the normal bundles of the fixed loci in X. We employ our understanding of Hochschild…
An important invariant of a polynomial $f$ is its Jacobian algebra defined by its partial derivatives. Let $f$ be invariant with respect to the action of a finite group of diagonal symmetries $G$. We axiomatically define an orbifold Jacobian $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$-graded algebra for the pair $(f,G)$ and show its existence and uniqueness in the case, when $f$ is an invertible polynomial. In case when $f$ defines an ADE singularity, we illustrate its geometric meaning.
The present paper describes a relation between the quotient of the fundamental group of a smooth quasi-projective variety by its second commutator and the existence of maps to orbifold curves. It extends previously studied cases when the target was a smooth curve. In the case when the quasi-projective variety is a complement to a plane algebraic curve this provides new relations between the fundamental group, the equation of the curve, and the existence of polynomial solutions to certain equations generalizing Pell's equation. These relations are formulated in terms of the depth which is an in…
We observe that the state space of Landau-Ginzburg isolated singularities is simply a special case of Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology relative to the generic fibre of the potential. This leads to the definition of the cohomology of hybrid Landau-Ginzburg models and its identification via an explicit isomorphism to the cohomology of Calabi-Yau complete intersections inside weighted projective spaces. The combinatorial method used in the case of hypersurfaces proven by the first named author in collaboration with Ruan is streamlined and generalised after an orbifold version of the Thom isomorphism…
We construct in an abstract fashion the orbifold quantum cohomology (quantum orbifold cohomology) of weighted projective space, starting from the orbifold quantum differential operator. We obtain the product, grading, and intersection form by making use of the associated self-adjoint D-module and the Birkhoff factorization procedure. The method extends to the more difficult case of Fano hypersurfaces in weighted projective space. However, in contrast to the case of weighted projective space itself or a Fano hypersurface in projective space, a "small Birkhoff cell" can appear in the constructio…
We compute the Hochschild homology of the crossed product $\Bbb C[S_n]\ltimes A^{\otimes n}$ in terms of the Hochschild homology of the associative algebra $A$ (over $\Bbb C$). It allows us to compute the Hochschild (co)homology of $\Bbb C[W]\ltimes A^{\otimes n}$ where $A$ is the $q$-Weyl algebra or any its degeneration and $W$ is the Weyl group of type $A_{n-1}$ or $B_n$. For a deformation quantization $A_+$ of an affine symplectic variety $X$ we show that the Hochschild homology of $S^n A$, $A=A_+[\hbar^{-1}]$ is additively isomorphic to the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology of $S^nX$ with coef…
