Let $μ$ be a non-trivial probability measure on the unit circle $\partial\bbD$, $w$ the density of its absolutely continuous part, $α_n$ its Verblunsky coefficients, and $Φ_n$ its monic orthogonal polynomials. In this paper we compute the coefficients of $Φ_n$ in terms of the $α_n$. If the function $\log w$ is in $L^1(dθ)$, we do the same for its Fourier coefficients. As an application we prove that if $α_n \in \ell^4$ and $Q(z) = \sum_{m=0}^N q_m z^m$ is a polynomial, then with $\bar Q(z) = \sum_{m=0}^N \bar q_m z^m$ and $S$ the left shift operator on sequences we have $|Q(e^{iθ})|^2 \log w(θ) \in L^1(dθ)$ if and only if $\{\bar Q(S)α\}_n \in \ell^2$. We also study relative ratio asymptotics of the reversed polynomials $Φ_{n+1}^*(μ)/Φ_n^*(μ)-Φ_{n+1}^*(ν)/Φ_n^*(ν)$ and provide a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of the Verblunsky coefficients of the measures $μ$ and $ν$ for this difference to converge to zero uniformly on compact subsets of $\bbD$.
We consider measures supported on the bi-circle and review the recurrence relations satisfied by the orthogonal polynomials associated with these measures constructed using the lexicographical or reverse lexicographical ordering. New relations are derived among these recurrence coefficients. We extend the results of [8] on a parameterization for Bernstein-Szego measures supported on the bi-circle.
By using the Szegő's transformation we deduce new relations between the recurrence coefficients for orthogonal polynomials on the real line and the Verblunsky parameters of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. Moreover, we study the relation between the corresponding $\mathcal{S}$-functions and $\mathcal{C}$-functions
We find the raising and lowering operators for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle introduced by Szegő and for their four parameter generalization to ${}_4ϕ_3$ biorthogonal rational functions on the unit circle.
We consider ergodic families of Verblunsky coefficients generated by minimal aperiodic subshifts. Simon conjectured that the associated probability measures on the unit circle have essential support of zero Lebesgue measure. We prove this for a large class of subshifts, namely those satisfying Boshernitzan's condition. This is accomplished by relating the essential support to uniform convergence properties of the corresponding Szego cocycles.
Let p(t) be a trigonometric polynomial, non-negative on the unit circle. We say that a measure σbelongs to a polynomial Szego class, if the logarithm of its density is summable over the circle with the weight p(t). For the associated orthogonal polynomials, we obtain pointwise asymptotics inside the unit disc. Then, we show that these asymptotics holds in L^2-sense on the unit circle. As a corollary, we get an existence of certain modified wave operators.
We introduce the Szegö class, Sz(E), for an arbitrary Parreau-Widom set E in R and study the dynamics of its elements under the left shift. When the direct Cauchy theorem holds on C\E, we show that to each J in Sz(E) there is a unique element J' in the isospectral torus, T_E, so that the left-shifts of J are asymptotic to the orbit {J'_m} on T_E. Moreover, we show that the ratio of the associated orthogonal polynomials has a limit, expressible in terms of Jost functions, as the degree n tends to infinity. This enables us to describe the large n behaviour of the orthogonal polynomials for every…
For the polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle with respect to the measure from the Szego class we prove that the polynomial entropy integrals can grow. The estimate obtained is sharp.
In this paper, we generalize Szego's theorem for orthogonal polynomials on the real line to infinite gap sets of Parreau-Widom type. This notion includes Cantor sets of positive measure. The Szego condition involves the equilibrium measure which is shown to be absolutely continuous. Our approach builds on a canonical factorization of the M-function and the covering space formalism of Sodin-Yuditskii.
The classical Szego polynomial approximation theorem states that the polynomials are dense in the space $L^2(ρ)$, where $ρ$ is a measure on the unit circle, if and only if the logarithmic integral of the measure $ρ$ diverges. In this note we give a quantitative version of Szego's theorem in the special case when the divergence of the logarithmic integral is caused by deep zeroes of the measure $ρ$ on a sufficiently rare subset of the circle.
Let p be a trigonometric polynomial, nonnegative on the unit circle $\mathbb{T}$. We say that a measure $σ$ on $\mathbb{T}$ belongs to the polynomial Szego class, if $dσ=sigma'_{ac}dθ+dσ_s$, $σ_s$ is singular, and $p\ln σ'_{ac}$ is summable on $\mathbb{T}$. For the associated orthogonal polynomials, we obtain pointwise asymptotics inside the unit disc. Then, we show that this asymptotics holds in the $L^2$ sense on the unit circle. As a corollary, we get existense of certain modified wave operators.
We study semi-infinite Jacobi matrices $H=H_{0}+V$ corresponding to trace class perturbations $V$ of the "free" discrete Schrödinger operator $H_{0}$. Our goal is to construct various spectral quantities of the operator $H$, such as the weight function, eigenfunctions of its continuous spectrum, the wave operators for the pair $H_{0}$, $H$, the scattering matrix, the spectral shift function, etc. This allows us to find the asymptotic behavior of the orthonormal polynomials $P_{n}(z)$ associated to the Jacobi matrix $H $ as $n\to\infty$. In particular, we consider the case of $z$ inside the spe…
We extend some classical theorems in the theory of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle to the matrix case. In particular, we prove a matrix analogue of Szegő's theorem. As a by-product, we also obtain an elementary proof of the distance formula by Helson and Lowdenslager.
In this note we prove mean convergence of Lagrange interpolation at the zeros of para-orthogonal polynomials for measures in the unit circle which does not belong to Szegő's class in the unit circle. When the measure is in Szegő's class mean convergence of Lagrange interpolation is proved for functions in the disk algebra.
In this part, we prove several quantitative results concerning with the Szego minimum problem for classes of measure on the unit circle concentrated on small subsets. As a by-product, we refute one conjecture of Nevai. This note can be read independently from the first one.
Matrix Szego biorthogonal polynomials for quasi-definite matrices of measures are studied. For matrices of Holder weights a Riemann-Hilbert problem is uniquely solved in terms of the matrix Szego polynomials and its Cauchy transforms. The Riemann-Hilbert problem is given as an appropriate framework for the discussion of the Szego matrix and the associated Szego recursion relations for the matrix orthogonal polynomials and its Cauchy transforms. Pearson type differential systems characterizing the matrix of weights are studied. These are linear systems of ordinary differential equations which a…
We provide a representation in terms of certain canonical functions for a sequence of polynomials orthogonal with respect to a weight that is strictly positive and analytic on the unit circle. These formulas yield a complete asymptotic expansion for these polynomials, valid uniformly in the whole complex plane. As a consequence, we obtain some results about the distribution of zeros of these polynomials. The main technique is the steepest descent analysis of Deift and Zhou, based on the matrix Riemann-Hilbert characterization proposed by Fokas, Its and Kitaev.
We continue studying polynomials generated by the Szegő recursion when a finite number of Verblunsky coefficients lie outside the closed unit disk. We prove some asymptotic results for the corresponding orthogonal polynomials and then translate them to the real line to obtain the Szegő asymptotics for the resulting polynomials. The latter polynomials give rise to a non-symmetric tridiagonal matrix but it is a finite-rank perturbation of a symmetric Jacobi matrix.
We give an asymptotic upper bound as $n\to\infty$ for the entropy integral $$E_n(w)= -\int p_n^2(x)\log (p_n^2(x))w(x)dx,$$ where $p_n$ is the $n$th degree orthonormal polynomial with respect to a weight $w(x)$ on $[-1,1]$ which belongs to the Szegő class. We also study two functionals closely related to the entropy integral. First, their asymptotic behavior is completely described for weights $w$ in the Bernstein class. Then, as for the entropy, we obtain asymptotic upper bounds for these two functionals when $w(x)$ belongs to the Szegő class. In each case, we give conditions for these upper …
Szego's procedure to connect orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle and orthogonal polynomials on [-1,1] is generalized to nonsymmetric measures. It generates the so-called semi-orthogonal functions on the linear space of Laurent polynomials L, and leads to a new orthogonality structure in the module LxL. This structure can be interpreted in terms of a 2x2 matrix measure on [-1,1], and semi-orthogonal functions provide the corresponding sequence of orthogonal matrix polynomials. This gives a connection between orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle and certain classes of matrix orthogona…
In this work, some theorems are established for orthogonal trigonometric polynomials (OTP) including Favard, Baxter, Geronimus, Rakhmanov, Szegö and the strong Szegö theorems which are important in the theory of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle (OPUC). All these results are based on the mutual representation theorem of OPUC and OTP which deduced by a Riemann-Hilbert problem simultaneously characterizing them. In addition, Szegö recursions, four-term recurrences and some new identities for OPUC and OTP are also obtained by using their Riemann-Hilbert characterizations respectively.
The one variable Bernstein-Szego theory for orthogonal polynomials on the real line is extended to a class of two variable measures. The polynomials orthonormal in the total degree ordering and the lexicographical ordering are constructed and their recurrence coefficients discussed.
Rakhmanov's theorem for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle gives a sufficient condition on the orthogonality measure for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle, in order that the reflection coefficients (the recurrence coefficients in the Szego recurrence relation) converge to zero. In this paper we give the analog for orthogonal matrix polynomials on the unit circle.
We review recent results on necessary and sufficient conditions for measures on $\mathbb{R}$ and $\partial\mathbb{D}$ to yield exponential decay of the recursion coefficients of the corresponding orthogonal polynomials. We include results on the relation of detailed asymptotics of the recursion coefficients to detailed analyticity of the measures. We present an analog of Carmona's formula for OPRL. A major role is played by the Szego and Jost functions.
We prove that for any $n\times n$ matrix, $A$, and $z$ with $|z|\geq \|A\|$, we have that $\|(z-A)^{-1}\|\leq\cot (\fracπ{4n}) \dist (z, \spec(A))^{-1}$. We apply this result to the study of random orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle.
This is an expanded version of the talk given at the conference ``Constructive Functions Tech-04''. We survey some recent results on canonical representation and asymptotic behavior of polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle with respect to an analytic weight. These results are obtained using the steepest descent method based on the Riemann-Hilbert characterization of these polynomials.
The relation between the Toda lattices and similar nonlinear chains and orthogonal polynomials on the real line has been elaborated immensely for the last decades. We examine another system of the differential-difference equations known as the Schur flow within the framework of the theory of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. This system can be exhibited in equivalent form as the Lax equation, and the corresponding spectral measure undergoes a simple transformation. The general result is illustrated on the modified Bessel measures on the unit circle and the long time behavior of their …
The zeros of semi-orthogonal functions with respect to a probability measure mu supported on the unit circle can be applied to obtain Szego quadrature formulas. The discrete measures generated by these formulas weakly converge to the orthogonality measure mu. In this paper we construct families of semi-orthogonal functions with interlacing zeros, and give a representation of the support of mu in terms of the asymptotic distribution of such zeros.
In this survey article, we review some results and conjectures related to orthogonal polynomials on Cantor sets. The main purpose of this paper is to emphasize the role of equilibrium measures in order to have a general theory of sufficiently good measures (measures that behave similarly to measures which are in the Szegő class and the isospectral torus in the finite gap case) supported on totally disconnected subsets of $\mathbb{R}$. We present some open problems a number of which can be studied numerically.
We study algebraic curves that are envelopes of families of polygons supported on the unit circle T. We address, in particular, a characterization of such curves of minimal class and show that all realizations of these curves are essentially equivalent and can be described in terms of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle (OPUC), also known as Szegő polynomials. Our results have connections to classical results from algebraic and projective geometry, such as theorems of Poncelet, Darboux, and Kippenhahn; numerical ranges of a class of matrices; and Blaschke products and disk functions. Thi…
We consider bivariate polynomials orthogonal on the bicircle with respect to a positive linear functional. The lexicographical and reverse lexicographical orderings are used to order the monomials. Recurrence formulas are derived between the polynomials of different degrees. These formulas link the orthogonal polynomials constructed using the lexicographical ordering with those constructed using the reverse lexicographical ordering. Relations between the coefficients in the recurrence formulas are derived and used to give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a positive line…
In 1976 Suffridge proved an intruiging theorem regarding the convolution of polynomials with zeros only on the unit circle. His result generalizes a special case of the fundamental Grace-Szegö convolution theorem, but so far it is an open problem whether there is a Suffridge-like extension of the general Grace-Szegö convolution theorem. In this paper we try to approach this question from two different directions: First, we show that Suffridge's convolution theorem holds for a certain class of polynomials with zeros in the unit disk and thus obtain an extension of one further special case of th…
We study the moment space corresponding to matrix measures on the unit circle. Moment points are characterized by non-negative definiteness of block Toeplitz matrices. This characterization is used to derive an explicit representation of orthogonal polynomials with respect to matrix measures on the unit circle and to present a geometric definition of canonical moments. It is demonstrated that these geometrically defined quantities coincide with the Verblunsky coefficients, which appear in the Szegö recursions for the matrix orthogonal polynomials. Finally, we provide an alternative proof of th…
We present a new viewpoint (namely, reproducing kernels) and new proofs for several recent results of J. Geronimo and H. Woerdeman on orthogonal polynomials on the two dimenional torus (and related subjects). In addition, we show how their results give a new proof of Ando's inequality via an equivalent version proven by Cole and Wermer. A simple necessary and sufficient condition for two variable polynomial stability is also given.
From local to global asymptotic behaviour of orthogonal polynomials
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana（卢布尔雅那大学数学物理学院）；Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics（数学、物理与力学研究所）；Departament de Matemàtiques Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona（巴塞罗那自治大学数学系）；Centre de Recerca Matemàtica（数学研究中心）
We consider probability measures, $dμ=w(θ) \f{dθ}{2π} +dμ_\s$, on the unit circle, $\partial\bbD$, with Verblunsky coefficients, $\{α_j\}_{j=0}^\infty$. We prove for $θ_1\neqθ_2$ in $[0,2π)$ and $(δβ)_j=β_{j+1}$ that \[ \int [1-\cos(θ-θ_1)][1-\cos(θ-θ_2)] \log w(θ) \f{dθ}{2π} >-\infty \] if and only if \[ \sum_{j=0}^\infty \bigl|\bigl\{(δ-e^{-iθ_2}) (δ-e^{-iθ_1}) α\bigr\}_j\bigr|^2 +\abs{α_j}^4 <\infty \] We also prove that \[ \int (1-\cosθ)^2 \log w(θ) \f{dθ}{2π} >-\infty \] if and only if \[ \sum_{j=0}^\infty \abs{α_{j+2}-2α_{j+1} +α_j}^2 + \abs{α_j}^6 <\infty \]
It is shown that monic orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle are the characteristic polynomials of certain five-diagonal matrices depending on the Schur parameters. This result is achieved through the study of orthogonal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle. More precisely, it is a consequence of the five term recurrence relation obtained for these orthogonal Laurent polynomials, and the one to one correspondence established between them and the orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. As an application, some results relating the behavior of the zeros of orthogonal polynomials and the …
We derive raising and lowering operators for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle and find second order differential and $q$-difference equations for these polynomials. A general functional equation is found which allows one to relate the zeros of the orthogonal polynomials to the stationary values of an explicit quasi-energy and implies recurrences on the orthogonal polynomial coefficients. We also evaluate the discriminants and quantized discriminants of polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle.
Matrix orthogonal Laurent polynomials in the unit circle and the theory of Toda-like integrable systems are connected using the Gauss--Borel factorization of two, left and a right, Cantero-Morales-Velazquez block moment matrices, which are constructed using a quasi-definite matrix measure. A block Gauss-Borel factorization problem of these moment matrices leads to two sets of biorthogonal matrix orthogonal Laurent polynomials and matrix Szegő polynomials, which can be expressed in terms of Schur complements of bordered truncations of the block moment matrix. The corresponding block extension o…
We apply a theorem of Geronimus to derive some new formulas connecting Schur functions with orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. The applications include the description of the associated measures and a short proof of Boyd's result about Schur functions. We also give a simple proof for the above mentioned theorem of Geronimus.
Our goal is to find asymptotic formulas for orthonormal polynomials $P_{n}(z)$ with the recurrence coefficients slowly stabilizing as $n\to\infty$. To that end, we develop spectral theory of Jacobi operators with long-range coefficients and study the corresponding second order difference equation. We suggest an Ansatz for its solutions playing the role of the semiclassical Green-Liouville Ansatz for solutions of the Schrödinger equation. The formulas obtained for $P_{n}(z)$ as $n\to\infty$ generalize the classical Bernstein-Szegö asymptotic formulas.
We consider orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle with respect to a weight which is a quotient of $q$-gamma functions. We show that the Verblunsky coefficients of these polynomials satisfy discrete Painlevé equations, in a Lax form, which correspond to an $A_3^{(1)}$ surface in Sakai's classification.
We present a new explicit family of polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle with a dense point spectrum. This family is expressed in terms of q-hypergeometric function of type ${_2}ϕ_1$. The orthogonality measure is the wrapped geometric distribution. Some "classical" properties of the above polynomials are presented.
We introduce two explicit examples of polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle. Moments and the reflection coefficients are expressed in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions. We find explicit expression for these polynomials in terms of a new type of elliptic hypergeometric function. We show that obtained polynomials are orthogonal on the unit circle with respect to a dense point meausure, i.e. the spectrum consists from infinite number points of increase which are dense on the unit circle. We construct also corresponding explicit systems of polynomials orthogonal on the interval of the real ax…
In this paper we study the following family of hypergeometric polynomials: $y_n(x) = \frac{ (-1)^ρ}{ n! } x^n {}_2 F_0(-n,ρ;-;-\frac{1}{x})$, depending on a parameter $ρ\in\mathbb{N}$. Differential equations of orders $ρ+1$ and $2$ for these polynomials are given. A recurrence relation for $y_n$ is derived as well. Polynomials $y_n$ are Sobolev orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle with an explicit matrix measure.
Let ${z_n}$ be a sequence in the unit disk ${z\in\mathbb{C}:|z|<1}$. It is known that there exists a unique positive Borel measure in the unit circle ${z\in\mathbb{C}:|z|=1}$ such that the orthogonal polynomials ${Φ_n}$ satisfy [Φ_n(z_n)=0] for each $n=1,2,...$. Characteristics of the orthogonality measure and asymptotic properties of the orthogonal polynomial are given in terms of asymptotic behavior of the sequence ${z_n}$. Particular attention is paid to periodic sequence of zeros ${z_n}$ of period two and three.
In this paper we prove that the simplest band representations of unitary operators on a Hilbert space are five-diagonal. Orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle play an essential role in the development of this result, and also provide a parametrization of such five-diagonal representations which shows specially simple and interesting decomposition and factorization properties. As an application we get the reduction of the spectral problem of any unitary Hessenberg matrix to the spectral problem of a five-diagonal one. Two applications of these results to the study of orthogonal polynomials …
