Peter J. McNamara
In this paper, we study Grothendieck polynomials from a combinatorial viewpoint. We introduce the factorial Grothendieck polynomials, analogues of the factorial Schur functions and present some of their properties, and use them to produce a generalisation of a Littlewood-Richardson rule for Grothendieck polynomials.
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Gustafson and Milne proved an identity on the Schur function indexed by a partition of the form $(λ_1-n+k,λ_2-n+k,\ldots,λ_k-n+k)$. On the other hand, Fehér, Némethi and Rimányi found an identity on the Schur function indexed by a partition of the form $(m-k,\ldots,m-k, λ_1,\ldots,λ_k)$. Fehér, Némethi and Rimányi gave a geometric explanation of their identity, and they raised the question of finding a combinatorial proof. In this paper, we establish a Gustafson-Milne type identity as well as a Fehér-Némethi-Rimányi type identity for factorial Grothendieck polynomials. Specializing a factorial…
We present a new family of hook-length formulas for the number of standard increasing tableaux which arise in the study of factorial Grothendieck polynomials. In the case of straight shapes our formulas generalize the classical hook-length formula and Stanley's formula. For skew shapes, our formulas generalize the Naruse hook-length formula and its $q$-analogues, which were studied in previous papers of the series.
We show that the factorial flagged Grothendieck polynomials defined by flagged set-valued tableaux of Knutson-Miller-Yong can be expressed by a Jacobi-Trudi type determinant formula, generalizing the work of Hudson-Matsumura. In particular, we obtain an alternative proof of the tableau and determinant formulas of vexillary double Grothendieck polynomials, that have been obtained by Knutson-Miller-Yong and Hudson-Matsumura respectively. Moreover, we show that each factorial flagged Grothendieck polynomial can be obtained from a product of linear polynomials by applying K-theoretic divided diffe…
Recently, Guo and Sun derived an identity for factorial Grothendieck polynomials which is a generalization of the one for Schur polynomials by Fehér, Némethi and Rimányi. We analyze the identity from the point of view of quantum integrability, based on the correspondence between the wavefunctions of a five-vertex model and the Grothendieck polynomials. We give another proof using the quantum inverse scattering method. We also apply the same idea and technique to derive an identity for factorial Grothendieck polynomials for rectangular Young diagrams. Combining with the Guo-Sun identity, we get…
We give an algebraic proof of the determinant formulas for factorial Grothendieck polynomials obtained by Hudson--Ikeda--Matsumura--Naruse and by Hudson--Matsumura.
The purpose of this paper is to show that Bessel polynomials, double factorials and Catalan triangle can be generated by using context-free grammars.
Factorial Polynomials and Associated Number Families
本文定义并研究两类多变量双指标阶乘多项式，揭示其类比于 potential polynomials 与普通幂函数的结构，并给出相应反演关系及关联数族。
In this article we will introduce the way to extend the mitosis algorithm for Schubert polynomials, developed by Ezra Miller, to the case of Grothendieck polynomials.
This report formulates a conjectural combinatorial rule that positively expands Grothendieck polynomials into Lascoux polynomials. It generalizes one such formula expanding Schubert polynomials into key polynomials, and refines another one expanding stable Grothendieck polynomials.
Stable Grothendieck polynomials can be viewed as a K-theory analog of Schur polynomials. We extend stable Grothendieck polynomials to a two-parameter version, which we call canonical stable Grothendieck functions. These functions have the same structure constants (with scaling) as stable Grothendieck polynomials, and (composing with parameter switching) are self-dual under the standard involutive ring automorphism. We study various properties of these functions, including combinatorial formulas, Schur expansions, Jacobi-Trudi type identities, and associated Fomin-Greene operators.
We prove Jacobi-Trudi-type determinantal formulas for skew dual Grothendieck polynomials which are $K$-theoretic deformations of Schur polynomials. We also prove a bialternant-type formula analogous to the classical definition of Schur polynomials.
Symmetric Grothendieck polynomials are analogues of Schur polynomials in the K-theory of Grassmannians. We build dual families of symmetric Grothendieck polynomials using Schur operators. With this approach we prove skew Cauchy identity and then derive various applications: skew Pieri rules, dual filtrations of Young's lattice, generating series and enumerative identities. We also give a new explanation of the finite expansion property for products of Grothendieck polynomials.
Refined canonical stable Grothendieck polynomials and their duals, Part 1
本文提出带两列无穷参数的精细典范稳定格罗滕迪克多项式及其对偶，统一了多个已有推广，并建立了Jacobi–Trudi型公式、组合模型、Schur展开、Schur正性与对偶性。
The Schur polynomials $s_λ$ are essential in understanding the representation theory of the general linear group. They also describe the cohomology ring of the Grassmannians. For $ρ= (n, n-1, \dots, 1)$ a staircase shape and $μ\subseteq ρ$ a subpartition, the Stembridge equality states that $s_{ρ/μ} = s_{ρ/μ^T}$. This equality provides information about the symmetry of the cohomology ring. The stable Grothendieck polynomials $G_λ$, and the dual stable Grothendieck polynomials $g_λ$, developed by Buch, Lam, and Pylyavskyy, are variants of the Schur polynomials and describe the $K$-theory of the…
We introduce common generalization of (double) Schubert, Grothendieck, Demazure, dual and stable Grothendieck polynomials, and Di Francesco-Zinn-Justin polynomials. Our approach is based on the study of algebraic and combinatorial properties of the reduced rectangular plactic algebra and associated Cauchy kernels.
In 2007 Lam and Pylyavskyy found a combinatorial formula for the dual stable Grothendieck polynomials, which are the dual basis of the stable Grothendieck polynomials with respect to the Hall inner product. In 2016 Galashin, Grinberg, and Liu introduced refined dual stable Grothendieck polynomials by putting additional sequence of parameters in the combinatorial formula of Lam and Pylyavskyy. Grinberg conjectured a Jacobi--Trudi type formula for refined dual stable Grothendieck polynomials. In this paper this conjecture is proved by using bijections of Lam and Pylyavskyy.
We show that the flagged Grothendieck polynomials defined as the generating functions of flagged set-valued tableaux of Knutson-Miller-Yong can be expressed by a Jacobi-Trudi type determinant formula generalizing the work of Hudson-Matsumura. We also introduce the flagged skew Grothendieck polynomials in these two expressions and show that they coincide.
Recently Galashin, Grinberg, and Liu introduced the refined dual stable Grothendieck polynomials, which are symmetric functions in $x=(x_1,x_2,\dots)$ with additional parameters $t=(t_1,t_2,\dots)$. The refined dual stable Grothendieck polynomials are defined as a generating function for reverse plane partitions of a given shape. They interpolate between Schur functions and dual stable Grothendieck polynomials introduced by Lam and Pylyavskyy in 2007. Flagged refined dual stable Grothendieck polynomials are a more refined version of refined dual stable Grothendieck polynomials, where lower and…
Grothendieck polynomials of inverse fireworks permutations
本文通过引入可重构管道梦想公式的新组合对象，得到格罗滕迪克多项式最高次分量的首个直接组合公式，并证明了相关猜想的逆烟花情形。
We give a new operator formula for Grothendieck polynomials that generalizes Magyar's Demazure operator formula for Schubert polynomials. Our proofs are purely combinatorial, contrasting with the geometric and representation theoretic tools used by Magyar. We apply our formula to prove a necessary divisibility condition for a monomial to appear in a given Grothendieck polynomial.
A Lam--Postnikov--Pylyavskyy inequality for hybrid Grothendieck polynomials
证明了混合格罗滕迪克多项式的多元拉姆 - 波斯尼科夫 - 皮利亚夫斯基型不等式，统一并细化了相关结果，还猜想了该不等式及托马斯 - 杨猜想在（等变）舒伯特和格罗滕迪克多项式情形的扩展。
It is a classical fundamental result that Schur-positive specializations of the ring of symmetric functions are characterized via totally positive functions whose parametrization describes the Edrei-Thoma theorem. In this paper we study positive specializations of symmetric Grothendieck polynomials, $K$-theoretic deformations of Schur polynomials.
We transform Tutte-Grothedieck invariants thus also Tutte polynomials on matroids so that the contraction-deletion rule for loops (isthmuses) coincides with the general case.
Combinatorics of Double Grothendieck Polynomials
本文研究双 Grothendieck 多项式的组合结构，证明广义 Cauchy 恒等式，用三元表给出稳定情形的组合解释，构造半弱稳定插值并证明其在 $x=y$ 时的 $Q$-Schur 正性，最后提出关于阶乘 Schur $Q$-函数 $K$-理论类似物的猜想。
M-convexity of Grothendieck polynomials via bubbling
该研究引入泡化图计算vexillary排列的Grothendieck多项式支撑集，证明其最高齐次分量支撑集与显式带旗Weyl模对偶特征标支撑集一致，且齐次化Grothendieck多项式具有M-凸支撑集。
We construct an integrable colored six-vertex model whose partition function is a double Grothendieck polynomial. This gives an integrable systems interpretation of bumpless pipe dreams and recent results of Weigandt [arXiv:2003.07342] relating double Grothendieck polynomias with bumpless pipe dreams. For vexillary permutations, we then construct a new model that we call the semidual version model. We use our semidual model and the five-vertex model of Motegi and Sakai to given a new proof that double Grothendieck polynomials for vexillary permutations are equal to flagged factorial Grothendie…
We give an explanation for the Pieri coefficients for the stable and dual stable Grothendieck polynomials; their non-leading terms are obtained by taking an alternating sum of meets (or joins) of their leading terms.
We study a family of dissections of flow polytopes arising from the subdivision algebra. To each dissection of a flow polytope, we associate a polynomial, called the left-degree polynomial, which we show is invariant of the dissection considered (proven independently by Grinberg). We prove that left-degree polynomials encode integer points of generalized permutahedra. Using that certain left-degree polynomials are related to Grothendieck polynomials, we resolve special cases of conjectures by Monical, Tokcan, and Yong regarding the saturated Newton polytope property of Grothendieck polynomials…
For a given skew shape, we build a crystal graph on the set of all reverse plane partitions that have this shape. As a consequence, we get a simple extension of the Littlewood-Richardson rule for the expansion of the corresponding dual stable Grothendieck polynomial in terms of Schur polynomials.
Symmetric Grothendieck polynomials are inhomogeneous versions of Schur polynomials that arise in combinatorial $K$-theory. A polynomial has saturated Newton polytope (SNP) if every lattice point in the polytope is an exponent vector. We show Newton polytopes of these Grothendieck polynomials and their homogeneous components have SNP. Moreover, the Newton polytope of each homogeneous component is a permutahedron. This addresses recent conjectures of C. Monical-N. Tokcan-A. Yong and of A. Fink-K. Mészáros-A. St. Dizier in this special case.
Recent work of Pechenik, Speyer, and Weigandt proved a formula for the degree of any Grothendieck polynomial. A distinct formula for the degree of vexillary Grothendieck polynomials was proven by Rajchgot, Robichaux, and Weigandt. We give a new proof of Pechenik, Speyer, and Weigandt's formula in the special case of vexillary permutations and characterize the set of bumpless pipe dreams which contribute maximal degree terms to the Grothendieck polynomial in this case. Furthermore, we use this characterization to draw connections between the Pechenik-Speyer-Weigandt and Rajchgot-Robichaux-Weiga…
This paper is based on a series of talks given at the Patejdlovka Enumeration Workshop held in the Czech Republic in November 2007. The topics covered are as follows. The graph polynomial, Tutte-Grothendieck invariants, an overview of relevant elementary finite Fourier analysis, the Tutte polynomial of a graph as a Hamming weight enumerator of its set of tensions (or flows), and a description of a family of polynomials containing the graph polynomial which yield Tutte-Grothendieck invariants in a similar way.
A beautiful degree formula for the Grothendieck polynomials was recently given by Pechenik, Speyer, and Weigandt (2021). We provide an alternative proof of their degree formula, utilizing the climbing chain model for Grothendieck polynomials introduced by Lenart, Robinson, and Sottile (2006). Moreover, for any term order satisfying $x_1<x_2<\cdots<x_n$ we present the leading monomial of each homogeneous components of the Grothendieck polynomial $\mathfrak{G}_w(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$, confirming a conjecture of Hafner (2022). We conclude with a conjecture for the leading monomials of the homogenegous…
Unified framework for tableau models of Grothendieck polynomials
本文构建统一组合框架，涵盖多种 tableau 模型，给出 Grothendieck 多项式两类对偶性的组合证明，并首次将第二类对偶性推广到精化情形。
Stability of products of double Grothendieck polynomials
本研究证明双Grothendieck多项式乘积与Schubert多项式乘积有相同的前后向稳定数，刻画了其中的单反射，还利用已有定理和展开公式给出Lam-Lee-Shimozono有限性猜想的新证明。
The notion of set-valued Young tableaux was introduced by Buch in his study of the Littlewood-Richardson rule for stable Grothendieck polynomials. Knutson, Miller and Yong showed that the double Grothendieck polynomials of 2143-avoiding permutations can be generated by set-valued Young tableaux. In this paper, we introduce the structure of set-valued Rothe tableaux of permutations. Given the Rothe diagram $D(w)$ of a permutation $w$, a set-valued Rothe tableau of shape $D(w)$ is a filling of finite nonempty subsets of positive integers into the squares of $D(w)$ such that the rows are weakly d…
The question of when two skew Young diagrams produce the same skew Schur function has been well-studied. We investigate the same question in the case of stable Grothendieck polynomials, which are the K-theoretic analogues of the Schur functions. We prove a necessary condition for two skew shapes to give rise to the same dual stable Grothendieck polynomial. We also provide a necessary and sufficient condition in the case where the two skew shapes are ribbons.
Buch and Rimányi proved a formula for specializations of double Grothendieck polynomials based on the Yang-Baxter equation related to the degenerate Hecke algebra. A geometric proof was found by Yong and Woo by constructing a Gröbner basis for the Kazhdan-Lusztig ideals. In this note, we give an elementary proof for this formula by using only divided difference operators.
We construct double Grothendieck polynomials of classical types which are essentially equivalent to but simpler than the polynomials defined by A.N.Kirillov in arXiv:1504.01469 and identify them with the polynomials defined by T.Ikeda and H.Naruse in Adv. Math.(2013) for the case of maximal Grassmannian permutations. We also give geometric interpretation of them in terms of algebraic localization map and give explicit combinatorial formulas.
Schubert polynomials $\mathfrak{S}_w$ are polynomial representatives for cohomology classes of Schubert varieties in a complete flag variety, while Grothendieck polynomials $\mathfrak{G}_w$ are analogous representatives for the $K$-theory classes of the structure sheaves of Schubert varieties. In the special case that $\mathfrak{S}_w$ is a multiplicity-free sum of monomials, K. Mészáros, L. Setiabrata, and A. St. Dizier conjectured that $\mathfrak{G}_w$ can be easily computed from $\mathfrak{S}_w$ via Möbius inversion on a certain poset. We prove this conjecture.
$P$-Schur positive $P$-Grothendieck Polynomials
本文定义弱对称 $P$-Grothendieck 多项式以推广 $P$-Schur 多项式，并引入移位多重集表给出其组合实现，从而类比集值表推广半标准 Young 表的方式。
We investigate the longstanding problem of finding a combinatorial rule for the Schubert structure constants in the $K$-theory of flag varieties (in type $A$). The Grothendieck polynomials of A. Lascoux-M.-P. Schützenberger (1982) serve as polynomial representatives for $K$-theoretic Schubert classes; however no positive rule for their multiplication is known outside the Grassmannian case. We contribute a new basis for polynomials, give a positive combinatorial formula for the expansion of Grothendieck polynomials in these glide polynomials, and provide a positive combinatorial Littlewood-Rich…
Principal specializations of Grothendieck polynomials
本文研究了不包含1423模式的排列的Grothendieck多项式主专化，证明其可非负表示模式出现次数，并进一步推导出避免1342模式的非负展开，部分解决Gao、Meśzáros--Tanjaya和Dennin的猜想。
We give a combinatorial interpretation of a Pieri formula for double Grothendieck polynomials in terms of an interval of the Bruhat order. Another description had been given by Lenart and Postnikov in terms of chain enumerations. We use Lascoux's interpretation of a product of Grothendieck polynomials as a product of two kinds of generators of the 0-Hecke algebra, or sorting operators. In this way we obtain a direct proof of the result of Lenart and Postnikov and then prove that the set of permutations occuring in the result is actually an interval of the Bruhat order.
We give a combinatorial expansion of the stable Grothendieck polynomials of skew Young diagrams in terms of skew Schur functions, using a new row insertion algorithm for set-valued semistandard tableaux of skew shape. This expansion unifies some previous results: it generalizes a combinatorial formula obtained in earlier joint work with López Martín and Teixidor i Bigas concerning Brill-Noether curves, and it generalizes a 2000 formula of Lenart and a recent result of Reiner-Tenner-Yong to skew shapes. We also give an expansion in the other direction: expressing skew Schur functions in terms o…
A counterexample to the Ross--Yong conjecture for Grothendieck polynomials
本文给出 Ross–Yong 关于 Grothendieck 多项式 K-Kohnert 规则猜想的极小反例，提出修订规则，并证明二者在避免 321 情形下成立。
Refined canonical stable Grothendieck polynomials and their duals, Part 2
本文为精细典范稳定格罗滕迪克多项式及其对偶的第二部分，利用集值杨表与反向平面分割的推广给出组合解释，并推广至带旗与偏斜版本。
Lascoux expansion of the product of a Lascoux and a stable Grothendieck
本文利用Huang-Shimozono-Yu行插入算法，给出了Lascoux多项式与稳定Grothendieck多项式乘积展开为Lascoux多项式的组合表格公式，细化并推广了已有的K-理论Littlewood-Richardson规则及key-Schur展开。
We give an algebra-combinatorial constructions of (noncommutative) generating functions of double Schubert and double $β$-Grothendieck polynomials corresponding to the full flag varieties associated to the Lie groups of classical types $A,B, C$ and $D$. Our approach is based on the decomposition of certain `` transfer matrices `` corresponding to the exponential solution to the quantum Yang--Baxter equations associated with either NiCoxeter or IdCoxeter algebras of classical types. The "triple"~$β$-Grothendieck polynomials ${\mathfrak{G}}_{w}^{W}(X,Y,Z)$ we have introduced, satisfy, among othe…
Grothendieck polynomials $\mathfrak{G}_w$ of permutations $w\in S_n$ were introduced by Lascoux and Schützenberger in 1982 as a set of distinguished representatives for the K-theoretic classes of Schubert cycles in the K-theory of the flag variety of $\mathbb{C}^n$. We conjecture that the exponents of nonzero terms of the Grothendieck polynomial $\mathfrak{G}_w$ form a poset under componentwise comparison that is isomorphic to an induced subposet of $\mathbb{Z}^n$. When $w\in S_n$ avoids a certain set of patterns, we conjecturally connect the coefficients of $\mathfrak{G}_w$ with the Möbius fu…
Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials
本文针对双Grothendieck多项式，提出一种显式算法来构造具有给定Rajchgot码行权和列权的最大无碰撞管道流。
There has been recent interest in lower bounds for the principal specializations of Schubert polynomials $ν_w := \mathfrak S_w(1,\dots,1)$. We prove a conjecture of Yibo Gao in the setting of $1243$-avoiding permutations that gives a lower bound for $ν_w$ in terms of the permutation patterns contained in $w$. We extended this result to principal specializations of $β$-Grothendieck polynomials $ν^{(β)}_w := \mathfrak G^{(β)}_w(1,\dots,1)$ by restricting to the class of vexillary $1243$-avoiding permutations. Our methods are bijective, offering a combinatorial interpretation of the coefficients …
Tableau formulas for skew Grothendieck polynomials
本文通过定义斜 Young 图上的集合值表，证明四种经典李类型中斜双重 Grothendieck 多项式的表公式，并推出 Grassmannian 情形及 K 理论 Stanley 函数对应公式。
The dual stable Grothendieck polynomials $g_λ$ and their sums $\sum_{μ\subsetλ} g_μ$ (which represent $K$-homology classes of boundary ideal sheaves and structure sheaves of Schubert varieties in the Grassmannians) have the same product structure constants. In this paper we first explain that the ring automorphism $g_λ\mapsto\sum_{μ\subsetλ} g_μ$ on the ring of symmetric functions is described as the operator $F^\perp$, the adjoint of the multiplication $(F\cdot)$, by a "group-like" element $F=\sum_{i} h_i$ where $h_i$ is the complete symmetric function. Next we give a generalization: starting…
Zero-one Grothendieck Polynomials
本文证明了 Grothendieck 多项式为零一当且仅当对应排列避开六个模式，并由此部分证实 Lorentzian 猜想及验证若干支撑集与系数猜想。
In this note we prove positivity of Maclaurin coefficients of polynomials written in terms of rising factorials and arbitrary log-concave sequences. These polynomials arise naturally when studying log-concavity of rising factorial series. We propose several conjectures concerning zeros and coefficients of a generalized form of those polynomials. We also consider polynomials whose generating functions are higher order Toeplitz determinants formed by rising factorial series. We make three conjectures about these polynomials. All proposed conjectures are supported by numerical evidence.
Constructing maximal pipedreams of double Grothendieck polynomials
本文针对 Pechenik 等人提出的寻找与 rajcode 统计量对应的唯一管道图直接构造方法问题，给出了一种基于阶梯移动的构造算法。
Cauchy identities for Grothendieck polynomials and a dual RSK correspondence through pipe dreams
本文研究双重Grothendieck多项式的Cauchy恒等式，提出pipe dream矫正算法构建pipe dreams间的权重保持双射，并基于新流算子揭示其对称性，最终恢复对偶RSK对应变体。
The dual stable Grothendieck polynomials are a deformation of the Schur functions, originating in the study of the K-theory of the Grassmannian. We generalize these polynomials by introducing a countable family of additional parameters, and we prove that this generalization still defines symmetric functions. For this fact, we give two self-contained proofs, one of which constructs a family of involutions on the set of reverse plane partitions generalizing the Bender-Knuth involutions on semistandard tableaux, whereas the other classifies the structure of reverse plane partitions with entries 1…
Special values of Grothendieck polynomials in terms of hypergeometric functions
本文给出了 Grothendieck 多项式的特殊值及集合值表个数的显式公式，利用 Gauss 和 Holman 超几何函数分别表示单行/单列与一般 Young 图的情形，并导出了 $F^{(n)}$ 的求和公式。
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