We construct an integrable colored six-vertex model whose partition function is a double Grothendieck polynomial. This gives an integrable systems interpretation of bumpless pipe dreams and recent results of Weigandt [arXiv:2003.07342] relating double Grothendieck polynomias with bumpless pipe dreams. For vexillary permutations, we then construct a new model that we call the semidual version model. We use our semidual model and the five-vertex model of Motegi and Sakai to given a new proof that double Grothendieck polynomials for vexillary permutations are equal to flagged factorial Grothendieck polynomials. Taking the stable limit of double Grothendieck polynomials, we obtain a new proof that the stable limit is a factorial Grothendieck polynomial as defined by McNamara. The states of our semidual model naturally correspond to families of nonintersecting lattice paths, where we can then use the Lindström-Gessel-Viennot lemma to give a determinant formula for double Schubert polynomials corresponding to vexillary permutations.
We introduce families of two-parameter multivariate polynomials indexed by pairs of partitions $v,w$ -- biaxial double $(β,q)$-Grothendieck polynomials -- which specialize at $q=0$ and $v=1$ to double $β$-Grothendieck polynomials from torus-equivariant connective K-theory. Initially defined recursively via divided difference operators, our main result is that these new polynomials arise as partition functions of solvable lattice models. Moreover, the associated quantum group of the solvable model for polynomials in $n$ pairs of variables is a Drinfeld twist of the $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_…
In this article, we prove a tableau formula for the double Grothendieck polynomials associated to $321$-avoiding permutations. The proof is based on the compatibility of the formula with the $K$-theoretic divided difference operators.
We study the Littlewood-Richardson coefficients of double Grothendieck polynomials indexed by Grassmannian permutations. Geometrically, these are the structure constants of the equivariant $K$-theory ring of Grassmannians. Representing the double Grothendieck polynomials as partition functions of an integrable vertex model, we use its Yang-Baxter equation to derive a series of product rules for the former polynomials and their duals. The Littlewood-Richardson coefficients that arise can all be expressed in terms of puzzles without gashes, which generalize previous puzzles obtained by Knutson-T…
We study the double Grothendieck polynomials of Kirillov--Naruse for the symplectic and odd orthogonal Grassmannians. These functions are explicitly written as sums of Pfaffian and are identified with the stable limits of the fundamental classes of Schubert varieties in the torus equivariant connective K-theory of these isotropic Grassmannians. We also provide a combinatorial description of the ring formally spanned by double Grothendieck polynomials.
We construct double Grothendieck polynomials of classical types which are essentially equivalent to but simpler than the polynomials defined by A.N.Kirillov in arXiv:1504.01469 and identify them with the polynomials defined by T.Ikeda and H.Naruse in Adv. Math.(2013) for the case of maximal Grassmannian permutations. We also give geometric interpretation of them in terms of algebraic localization map and give explicit combinatorial formulas.
We give an algebra-combinatorial constructions of (noncommutative) generating functions of double Schubert and double $β$-Grothendieck polynomials corresponding to the full flag varieties associated to the Lie groups of classical types $A,B, C$ and $D$. Our approach is based on the decomposition of certain `` transfer matrices `` corresponding to the exponential solution to the quantum Yang--Baxter equations associated with either NiCoxeter or IdCoxeter algebras of classical types. The "triple"~$β$-Grothendieck polynomials ${\mathfrak{G}}_{w}^{W}(X,Y,Z)$ we have introduced, satisfy, among othe…
The notion of set-valued Young tableaux was introduced by Buch in his study of the Littlewood-Richardson rule for stable Grothendieck polynomials. Knutson, Miller and Yong showed that the double Grothendieck polynomials of 2143-avoiding permutations can be generated by set-valued Young tableaux. In this paper, we introduce the structure of set-valued Rothe tableaux of permutations. Given the Rothe diagram $D(w)$ of a permutation $w$, a set-valued Rothe tableau of shape $D(w)$ is a filling of finite nonempty subsets of positive integers into the squares of $D(w)$ such that the rows are weakly d…
In this short note, we provide an explicit formula to compute every colored double Tornheim's series by using double polylogarithm values at roots of unity. When the colors are given by $\pm 1$ our formula is different from that of Tsumura [On alternating analogues of Tornheim's double series II, Ramanujan J. 18 (2009), 81-90] even though numerical data confirm both are correct in almost all the cases. This agreement can also be checked rigorously by using regularized double shuffle relations of the alternating double zeta values in weights less than eight.
We introduce common generalization of (double) Schubert, Grothendieck, Demazure, dual and stable Grothendieck polynomials, and Di Francesco-Zinn-Justin polynomials. Our approach is based on the study of algebraic and combinatorial properties of the reduced rectangular plactic algebra and associated Cauchy kernels.
Let $K_{(m,p)}$ denote the family of double twist knots where $2m-1$ and $2p$ are non-zero integers denoting the number of half-twists in each region. Using a result of Takata, we prove a formula for the colored Jones polynomial of $K_{(-m,-p)}$ and $K_{(-m,p)}$. The latter case leads to new families of $q$-hypergeometric series generalizing the Kontsevich-Zagier series. We also use Bailey pairs and formulas of Walsh to find cyclotomic-like expansions for the colored Jones polynomials of $K_{(m,p)}$ and $K_{(m,-p)}$.
Hurwitz numbers count genus $g$, degree $d$ covers of the complex projective line with fixed branched locus and fixed ramification data. An equivalent description is given by factorisations in the symmetric group. Simple double Hurwitz numbers are a class of Hurwitz-type counts of specific interest. In recent years a related counting problem in the context of random matrix theory was introduced as so-called monotone Hurwitz numbers. These can be viewed as a desymmetrised version of the Hurwitz-problem. A combinatorial interpolation between simple and monotone double Hurwitz numbers was introdu…
We show that the factorial flagged Grothendieck polynomials defined by flagged set-valued tableaux of Knutson-Miller-Yong can be expressed by a Jacobi-Trudi type determinant formula, generalizing the work of Hudson-Matsumura. In particular, we obtain an alternative proof of the tableau and determinant formulas of vexillary double Grothendieck polynomials, that have been obtained by Knutson-Miller-Yong and Hudson-Matsumura respectively. Moreover, we show that each factorial flagged Grothendieck polynomial can be obtained from a product of linear polynomials by applying K-theoretic divided diffe…
Buch and Rimányi proved a formula for specializations of double Grothendieck polynomials based on the Yang-Baxter equation related to the degenerate Hecke algebra. A geometric proof was found by Yong and Woo by constructing a Gröbner basis for the Kazhdan-Lusztig ideals. In this note, we give an elementary proof for this formula by using only divided difference operators.
We give new formulas for Grothendieck polynomials of two types. One type expresses any specialization of a Grothendieck polynomial in at least two sets of variables as a linear combination of products Grothendieck polynomials in each set of variables, with coefficients Schubert structure constants for Grothendieck polynomials. The other type is in terms of chains in the Bruhat order. We compare this second type to other constructions of Grothendieck polynomials within the more general context of double Grothendieck polynomials and the closely related H-polynomials. Our methods are based upon t…
We study the generalized double $β$-Grothendieck polynomials for all types. We study the Cauchy formulas for them. Using this, we deduce the K-theoretic version of the comodule structure map $α^*: K(G/B)\to K(G)\otimes K(G/B)$ induced by the group action map for reductive group $G$ and its flag variety $G/B$. Furthermore, we give a combinatorial formula to compute the localization of Schubert classes as a generalization of Billey's formula.
We give a combinatorial interpretation of a Pieri formula for double Grothendieck polynomials in terms of an interval of the Bruhat order. Another description had been given by Lenart and Postnikov in terms of chain enumerations. We use Lascoux's interpretation of a product of Grothendieck polynomials as a product of two kinds of generators of the 0-Hecke algebra, or sorting operators. In this way we obtain a direct proof of the result of Lenart and Postnikov and then prove that the set of permutations occuring in the result is actually an interval of the Bruhat order.
We study the back stable $K$-theory Schubert calculus of the infinite flag variety. We define back stable (double) Grothendieck polynomials and double $K$-Stanley functions and establish coproduct expansion formulae. Applying work of Weigandt, we extend our previous results on bumpless pipedreams from cohomology to $K$-theory. We study finiteness and positivity properties of the ring of back stable Grothendieck polynomials, and divided difference operators in $K$-homology.
Quantum K-theory is a K-theoretic version of quantum cohomology, which was recently defined by Y.-P. Lee. Based on a presentation for the quantum K-theory of the classical flag variety Fl_n, we define and study quantum Grothendieck polynomials. We conjecture that they represent Schubert classes (i.e., the natural basis elements) in the quantum K-theory of Fl_n, and present strong evidence for this conjecture. We describe an efficient algorithm which, if the conjecture is true, computes the quantum K-invariants of Gromov-Witten type for Fl_n. Two explicit constructions for quantum Grothendieck …
We prove that topological recursion applied to the spectral curve of colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials of torus knots reproduces the n-point functions of a particular partition function called the extended Ooguri-Vafa partition function. This generalizes and refines the results of Brini-Eynard-Marino and Borot-Eynard-Orantin. We also discuss how the statement of spectral curve topological recursion in this case fits into the program of Alexandrov-Chapuy-Eynard-Harnad of establishing the topological recursion for general weighted double Hurwitz numbers partition functions (a.k.a. KP tau-functions o…
We rewrite the (extended) Ooguri-Vafa partition function for colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials for torus knots in terms of the free-fermion (semi-infinite wedge) formalism, making it very similar to the generating function for double Hurwitz numbers. This allows us to conjecture the combinatorial meaning of full expansion of the correlation differentials obtained via the topological recursion on the Brini-Eynard-Mariño spectral curve for the colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials of torus knots. This correspondence suggests a structural combinatorial result for the extended Ooguri-Vafa partition function. …
We have developed a patch implementing multivariate polynomials seen as a multi-base algebra. The patch is to be released into the software Sage and can already be found within the Sage-Combinat distribution. One can use our patch to define a polynomial in a set of indexed variables and expand it into a linear basis of the multivariate polynomials. So far, we have the Schubert polynomials, the Key polynomials of types A, B, C, or D, the Grothendieck polynomials and the non-symmetric Macdonald polynomials. One can also use a double set of variables and work with specific double-linear bases lik…
Let $H$ be a cubic graph admitting a 3-edge-coloring $c: E(H)\to \mathbb Z_3$ such that the edges colored by 0 and $μ\in\{1,2\}$ induce a Hamilton circuit of $H$ and the edges colored by 1 and 2 induce a 2-factor $F$. The graph $H$ is semi-Kotzig if switching colors of edges in any even subgraph of $F$ yields a new 3-edge-coloring of $H$ having the same property as $c$. A spanning subgraph $H$ of a cubic graph $G$ is called a {\em semi-Kotzig frame} if the contracted graph $G/H$ is even and every non-circuit component of $H$ is a subdivision of a semi-Kotzig graph. In this paper, we show that …
In this paper, we prove determinant formulas for the $K$-theory classes of the structure sheaves of degeneracy loci classes associated to vexillary permutations in type $A$. As a consequence we obtain determinant formulas for Lascoux-Schützenberger's double Grothendieck polynomials associated to vexillary permutations. Furthermore, we generalize the determinant formula to algebraic cobordism.
The Boros-Moll polynomials arise in the evaluation of a quartic integral. The original double summation formula does not imply the fact that the coefficients of these polynomials are positive. Boros and Moll proved the positivity by using Ramanujan's Master Theorem to reduce the double sum to a single sum. Based on the structure of reluctant functions introduced by Mullin and Rota along with an extension of Foata's bijection between Meixner endofunctions and bi-colored permutations, we find a combinatorial proof of the positivity. In fact, from our combinatorial argument one sees that it is es…
